127 THE HAGIOS ONUPHRIOS DEPOSIT.

Like the others, they are of Parian marble, so that the material at least must
have been imported.

An exhaustive discussion of the various questions raised by these curious
figures would require a separate dissertation. Here it must be sufficient to
remark that the theory according to which we have simply to deal with
degenerate copies from Chaldaean prototypes representing Istar or the
Mother Goddess does not accord with the evidence at present before us.

The simpler forms of these Aegean figures are so lacking in detail as to
afford no definite points of comparison with the Asiatic types in question.
On the other hand, if we turn to the West and North, we find a whole series
of early images of clay, stone, and other materials which certainly seem to fit on
to these Aegean forms. From the remains of the early settlements of Troy, we
know that simple forms of this class of figures occur indifferently in marble,
clay, and bone. Alabaster and clay figures of the same class are scattered
through the Thracian lands and beyond the Danube as far afield as Rou-
mania19 and the valley of the Maros in Transylvania. But beyond the
Carpathians again there appears another parallel class of primitive figures
which must perhaps be regarded as the most characteristic product of a vast
Neolithic Province including a large part of Poland, East Prussia, and Western
Russia. Stalagmite figures of this kind have been found in the Polish Caves,20
on the East-Prussian coast they recur in amber,21 and a, bone figure of the
same kind has been found by Inostranzeff in the remains of a Neolithic
station on the shore of Lake Ladoga.22 These Northern figures do not exhibit
indeed any marked indications of sex. On one amber example, however, the
body is marked by an imperfect triangular outline which resembles the
representation of the vulva on some of the Trojan or Aegean types. The
double perforation at the junction of the neck and body which characterizes
some of the Baltic and Russian examples recalls the perforations on the
neck of the 'idols' from Phaestos and Siteia represented in Figs. 133, 134,
and that of the head by itself in Fig. 132.23 The holes and grooves on
some of the Baltic forms suggest attachment to other objects, and a marble
figure from an Amorgan cist (Fig. 135) shows lines upon it which seem to
indicate the same application.2311 It would be unwise to insist too much on
these resemblances in detail, but taken in connexion with the appearance
of this parallel class of Northern figures they can hardly be without some
significance.

ls Primitive clay statuettes have been found berg, 1882).
at Cucuteni in Roumania {Antirjua, 1890, Taf. m Tischler, op. cit. 118 (SO) Fig. 10.

v. 2). Cf. Bulletin de la Sociili d' Anthropologic, 23 On a marble idol from Amorgos (Ashmoleau

1889, p. 582, and S. Eeinach, Anthropologic, Coll.) the thighs are bored.
1894, p. 293. 23b Now in the Ashmolean Museum. This

w Ossowski iv. Zbior Wiadomosci do Antro- figure shows signs of painting on the right side

pologii Krajowej. (Third report on Polish of the neck, apparently representing a pendant

Caves, op. cit. (1881) I. vi. pp. 28-51, PI. iii.- lock of hair. This is the same figure as that

v.) Materiaux, 1882, pp. 1-24, PI. I. II. sketched by Dr. Wolters (Ath. Mitlh. 1891

Tischler, Steinzeit in Ostpreussen, pp. 96, 97. p. 49 Fig. 3) and is from Grave D described by

21 Tischler, Stcinzcitin Ostpreussen,^. 25(g), Dr. Dummler (Ath. Mitth. 1886, p. 15 scqq.).
Figs. 6, 7 (Sehriften d. phys.-ock. Ges., Konigs-