DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.8944#0046
U4
ARTHUR J. EVANS
o
2
>
})ainting has been preserved in the Palace of Knossos,1 will be found illus-
trations of the same religious idea. In a succeeding section we shall see
the stone supports of the more primitive dolmen shrines of Mycenae already
performing functions as at once the aniconic habitation of divinity and
' pillars of the house' and there will be occa-
sion to point out some near parallels among
the early megalithic structures of the
Balearic and Maltese islands.
yir^L__p ) r 1 Many of the baetylic pillars of Semitic
I T 3 CUit can De shown to have had the same
[T" architectonic form or even to have performed
structural functions as supporting the archi-
trave of a building. We are indeed ex-
pressly told of the brazen pillars set up by
Solomon at the porch of the Temple that
they were provided with capitals adorned
with a network of pomegranates and ol
" lily " shape'2. In the same way Solomon's
friend and contemporary, Hiram of Tyre, is
recorded to have set up a golden column in
the temple of Baal.3 Free-standing co-
lumnar impersonations of the deity often
supporting pomegranates are frequent on
Carthaginian stelae4 (Fig. 27). At times
the divine character of these is marked by a
bust of Tanit placed upon the capital,1 or
her globe and crescent symbol appears upon the shaft. Tyrian 0 and Cypro-
Phoenician7 columns of the same class show the same symbols—here connected
with Istar—carved upon capitals derived from the Egyptian lotus-type,
a parallel which recalls Jakim and Boaz.
The names of the two columns in the front of Solomon's temple—' the
Stablisher,' and 'in Him is Strength,' which show that they were there placed as
symbolic forms of Jehovah,8 would derive additional force if we might believe
I
Fig. 27.—Sacred Column on
Stele, Carthage.
1 Seo below, p. 192 seqq.
- 1 Kings vii. 15 seqq. ; cf. Jeremiah li. 21
seqq. The Capitals are described as of 'Lily
Work' (1 Kings vii. 19). An elaborate
restoration of these columns has been made
by Chipiez (1'. and C. t. i\\ PI. VI. and cf. p.
314 seqq.). Hut the lotus form is better given
by Do Vogue, Le TemjJe, PL XIV.
'■' Menander of Tyre, cited by Josephus,
Anliq. viii. 5. It is called the temple of
' Zeus.'
4 Copied by me in the Museum of Carthage.
Cf. P. et C. t, iv. Fig. 167, p. 324, Fig. 108,
p. 325;
5 Gazette Archiologique, iv. 1884 Pietsoh-
mann, Oeschichte tier Phbnhier, p. 210.
(Votive stone from Hadrumetum.)
6 In the Louvre, Musee Napoleon III.
Pietschmann, op. cit. p. 274.
7 Three in the Louvre are given in P. et C.
iii. p. 116', Figs. 51, 52, 53. Cf. Pietschmann,
op. cit. p. 277. Pour more capitals of the same
hind, from votive stelae in the sanctuary of
Aphrodite1 at ldalion, are figured by Ohne-
falsch-Richter, Kypros, (lie Bihel mid Homer,
Taf. lviii. lix.
8 Cf. Robertson Smith, Religion "J ''lc
Semites, p. 208, n, 1.
ARTHUR J. EVANS
o
2
>
})ainting has been preserved in the Palace of Knossos,1 will be found illus-
trations of the same religious idea. In a succeeding section we shall see
the stone supports of the more primitive dolmen shrines of Mycenae already
performing functions as at once the aniconic habitation of divinity and
' pillars of the house' and there will be occa-
sion to point out some near parallels among
the early megalithic structures of the
Balearic and Maltese islands.
yir^L__p ) r 1 Many of the baetylic pillars of Semitic
I T 3 CUit can De shown to have had the same
[T" architectonic form or even to have performed
structural functions as supporting the archi-
trave of a building. We are indeed ex-
pressly told of the brazen pillars set up by
Solomon at the porch of the Temple that
they were provided with capitals adorned
with a network of pomegranates and ol
" lily " shape'2. In the same way Solomon's
friend and contemporary, Hiram of Tyre, is
recorded to have set up a golden column in
the temple of Baal.3 Free-standing co-
lumnar impersonations of the deity often
supporting pomegranates are frequent on
Carthaginian stelae4 (Fig. 27). At times
the divine character of these is marked by a
bust of Tanit placed upon the capital,1 or
her globe and crescent symbol appears upon the shaft. Tyrian 0 and Cypro-
Phoenician7 columns of the same class show the same symbols—here connected
with Istar—carved upon capitals derived from the Egyptian lotus-type,
a parallel which recalls Jakim and Boaz.
The names of the two columns in the front of Solomon's temple—' the
Stablisher,' and 'in Him is Strength,' which show that they were there placed as
symbolic forms of Jehovah,8 would derive additional force if we might believe
I
Fig. 27.—Sacred Column on
Stele, Carthage.
1 Seo below, p. 192 seqq.
- 1 Kings vii. 15 seqq. ; cf. Jeremiah li. 21
seqq. The Capitals are described as of 'Lily
Work' (1 Kings vii. 19). An elaborate
restoration of these columns has been made
by Chipiez (1'. and C. t. i\\ PI. VI. and cf. p.
314 seqq.). Hut the lotus form is better given
by Do Vogue, Le TemjJe, PL XIV.
'■' Menander of Tyre, cited by Josephus,
Anliq. viii. 5. It is called the temple of
' Zeus.'
4 Copied by me in the Museum of Carthage.
Cf. P. et C. t, iv. Fig. 167, p. 324, Fig. 108,
p. 325;
5 Gazette Archiologique, iv. 1884 Pietsoh-
mann, Oeschichte tier Phbnhier, p. 210.
(Votive stone from Hadrumetum.)
6 In the Louvre, Musee Napoleon III.
Pietschmann, op. cit. p. 274.
7 Three in the Louvre are given in P. et C.
iii. p. 116', Figs. 51, 52, 53. Cf. Pietschmann,
op. cit. p. 277. Pour more capitals of the same
hind, from votive stelae in the sanctuary of
Aphrodite1 at ldalion, are figured by Ohne-
falsch-Richter, Kypros, (lie Bihel mid Homer,
Taf. lviii. lix.
8 Cf. Robertson Smith, Religion "J ''lc
Semites, p. 208, n, 1.