Evans, Arthur J.: Scripta minoa: the written documents of minoan Crete with special reference to the archives of Knossos (Band 1): The hieroglyphic and primitive linear classes (Oxford, 1909)

MINOAN INFLUENCES ON THE ANATOLIAN SIDE 63

Aryan.1 The inclusion, nevertheless, of so many outlying sections of the old Carian Hittite
stock within the borders of the Hittite Empire has naturally led to the attempt to JaJ1*0""
derive the non-Hellenic element in the alphabet of Southern and Western Anatolia toiian
from the Hittite script, and even to connect with it the Cypriote syllabary.2 But, except iJJbstam?
in a few cases, the correspondences are not convincing, and such derivations as ated.
Nj/ from ^ can hardly be regarded as satisfactory. On the other hand, it is to
be observed that the South-Western part of Asia Minor—including the later Caria
and Lycia—seems to have been very little penetrated by Hittite influences. In this
direction, outside Cilicia, Hittite monuments at present fail us, and there is good
warrant for believing that Hittite influence did not assert itself in an intensive form
within this area.

May we perhaps conclude that throughout at least the maritime tract of Southern Were
and Western Asia Minor there may have been some counteracting influence from Greek"011*
the Aegean side ? The Phaestos Disk even suggests that an independent civilization forms of
parallel to the Minoan may have developed itself in this region at an early date. QrJriJf?
That in the latest Minoan Age Aegean domination of some sort was exercised over Traces of
parts of the Western Anatolian coastland is sufficiently proved by the ' Mycenaean Minoan
city' of Hissarlik, and other remains of this period have come to light at Miletos3 in Asia
and elsewhere.* Minor-

Extremely decadent traditions of the same kind are shown in the relics from the
cemetery of Assarlik near Myndos, and there has been a general tendency to regard
the Minoan or Mycenaean influence on the Anatolian side as very late and superficial.
But it was not certainly from far afield that the Phrygians derived their versions of
the Lions' Gate motive as we see them at Arslan-Kaia and elsewhere. The 'horned' Some of
sword type of the last brilliant age of the Knossian Palaces penetrated as far as |°^d
Pergamon,15 and a gem and an engraved.ring, of the best period of Minoan glyptic
art, exhibiting scenes of the taurokathapsia, have been found, the one at Priene,
the other in the Carian interior.1 It seems likely that, as the archaeological evidence
accumulates, the Minoan element in Western and Southern Asia Minor will be found
to be earlier and more deeply rooted than has been hitherto imagined.

1 Knudtzon and Bugge, op.cit. Sayce,op.cit.,p.5t, adds several Anatolian sites showing a large Late Minoan III
the Mitannian group, in which case a remarkable Iranian ingredient.

element has now to be taken into account (cf. Eduard * R. M. Dawkins, Year's Work in Classical Studies,

Meyer,' Das erste Auftreten der Arier in der Geschichte,' 1907, p. 7. The later Ionian Miletos was traditionally a

Sitzungsber. d. k. Pr. Akad. d. Wissensch., 9. Januar colony of the Cretan city of the same name, now Milatos

1908). It is certainly surprising to find not only Iranian —itself a prolific source of Late Minoan remains. But

names of dynasts but the worship of Indra, Varuna, and Mr. Hogarth failed to find a Minoan stratum at Ephesus.

Mithra established on the Euphrates by the end of the » Prehistoric Tombs o/Ktiossos, pp. 105 seqq.

fifteenth century b.c. ' The author possesses a fine example of a bronze

2 Sayce, in Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, ii. p. 123; also short sword of this type found in the neighbourhood of
in Empire of the Hittites, p. 178. These comparisons are Pergamon.

reproduced with approval by Perrot, Hist, de {Art, iii. ' The gem, one of the finest existing glyptic works of

531. But Professor Sayce has since shown himself quite this class, from the beginning of the Late Minofin Period,

alive to the new aspects of the problem brought out by the was formerly in the Tyskiewicz Collection: both this and

discovery of the Minoan scripts. the engraved ring, of gilded bronze, are now in my col-

3 Sir W. Ramsay has made a collection of sherds from lection.

EVAKS I