Falkener, Edward: Ephesus and the temple of Diana (London, 1862)

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Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg

Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg

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Falkener, Edward
Ephesus and the temple of Diana — London, 1862

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https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.5179#0049

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Schmutztitel

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AND

Titelblatt

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THE TEMPLE OF DIANA. … LITHOGRAPHERS TO THE QUEEN.

Preface

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Ephesus might not be unacceptable to the public. … can be described only after seeing the remains; but

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the explorer to seek for them. In the present … expeditions sent out by direction of the State;

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on the voluntary system, I may be permitted to

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obtained; and certainly with regard to Govern- … It is true that what the State has not afforded,

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own its publication of the " Principles of Athenian … tists, architects, painters, botanists, geologists, and

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a lover of art, to express his appreciation of the … can be found willing to devote their fortunes to the

Part I: The city of Ephesus [Contents]

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THE CITY OF EPHESTJS. … Ancient Names of Ephesus........ 22 … The Theatre ......•...... 102

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y.—Prosperity and Affluence of the City . . . 122 … Schools of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture . 130 … VII.—Christian Traditions and Modern History . . 148 … Grotto of the Seven Sleepers....... 157 … Historical Events connected with the City of

Part II: The temple of Diana [Contents]

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THE TEMPLE OF DIANA. … 3. The Quarries.........' . . 225 … 5. The rebuilding of the eighth or celebrated … 8. The peristyle consisted of one hundred and

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10. Thirty-six of the columns were ornamented

List of plates

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Plan of the principal part remaining of the City of Ephesus … Sketch Plan of Ephesus ; corrected by diagonal bearings, and measured … Plan of the Temple of Diana........ 220

Tafeln

tafel 3

Day&SomLith^tc the ::eer~

tafel 4

(Prom the Th.e.1"

tafel 5

ay & Son, Lith" to the Queen

Introduction

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-*- this vast metropolis of the present day, that

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close together as to excite marvel how their

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what analogies it has with, other structures, how

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he stoops down and examines, he perceives some

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perceives what can be no other than the cavea

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scorpion1 and centipede, by marshes infested with … so I cannot say whether the scorpions of Ephesus are as hospitable

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Churches, not one has failed. If all the Churches

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strengthened by the greatness and extended cele- … plane-tree, so very beautiful, that, although surrounded by the … B The country of Gyges and Croesus. See also Arrian, Exp.

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not only excelled the other cities in wealth and … Smyrna and Philadelphia, which were the only … this district was sufficient to break down a waggon, (!) and the

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now so,) are still existing as flourishing and great

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and though frequently wasted and destroyed, it

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of its conflagrations being noted in history as the

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remained one fortnight, notwithstanding that the … I have not been permitted to accomplish, and the … In treating on an ancient subject, we Lave

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who wrote on the city of Ephesus, besides the … Besides these, it is probable that there were other ancient

Part I: The city of Ephesus

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THE CITY OP EPHESUS.

Part I: The city of Ephesus / I: Inaccuracy of our present information

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A DISTINGUISHED French traveller in the

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18 ANCIENT EPHESDS.

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years after Christ existed in the time of St. John,

Part I: The city of Ephesus / II: Oriin of Ephesus - Ancient names, parts, suburbs, and defendenscies of the city

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ORIGIN OF EPIIESUS—ANCIENT NAMES, PARTS, SUBURBS, AND … the cypress. It is traversed by the Cenchrius, in … nursed her children, and here is the olive-tree under … 2 Some derive the name of Ortygia from Latona, who flew to

21

partial ear to the story told us by the Ephesians,

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ANCIENT EPHESUS. … the time of the Trojan war it was called Alopes:3 … name. The word appears first in Homer, (Iliad, ii. 856-7,) but … 3 Steph. Byz. voce "E<peooe and Sa/jopro.

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speak in describing the parts of the city; suffice

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24 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … purple flower used in dyeing; and it is remark- … the same as Panormus, but Guhl3 takes it for a … 1 Stephanus uses Traclieia as a general term for the whole city.

25

THE CITY.

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26 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

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Strabo, however, in the above passage calls it Prion, … 2 Strabo, p. G33. Choiseul Gouffier observes (i. 323) that the

28

ANCIENT EPIJESUS.

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pygus, was sent by Omphale against" the Cercopes … standing their critical position, they were unable to … the metopes discovered by Mr. Angell at Selinus f … i. 13, ix. 79 ; and Ed. Gerhard, Auserl. G-riech. Vasenb. theil ii.

30

30 ANCIENT EPEESUS. … i-ently full of folly, but they originated from the ancient practice

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to have been the Acropolis.1 The region called … applied to the whole city; but after the emigration

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32 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … Sisyrba and Daitis became subsequently merged into Pteleia.—

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important services in defeat of the Roman and

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ANCIENT EPHESUS. … recollect the appearance of the spot to say whether … was a Temple to Diana, in the way which led from … 1 For tins reason Arundell's position of it at the head of the

35

stood upon, or at the foot of the mountain of the

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36 ANCIENT EPHESDS.

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its beauty and its lordly swans. Of the river … was in consequence deputed to Rome, and as he … 4 Descript. of the Bast, Asia M. ch. iii. ]>. 46.

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38 ANCIENT EPHESDS. … 3 Atlien. 309 and 385. Another delicacy of the table was the … 4 Pomponius Mela, i. 17, and Pliny, v. 31, call it Phygela, and

39

of Priene, and erected to the honour of Heliconian … 1 On the origin of the Temple of Heliconian Neptune, so called

Part I: The city of Ephesus / III: Foundation of Ephesus and early history

40

FOUNDATION OF EPHESUS AND EARLY HISTORY. … lavish praises upon the whole province of Asia.

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FOUNDATION OP EPHESUS AND EARLY HISTORY. 41 … 3 Unless under the name of Alope. See page 22. " But this … 5 A similar story to this is told of the founders of the city of

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42 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

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FOUNDATION OF EPHESUS AND EAELY HISTORY. 43 … 3 Strabo, pp. G32 and 640, quoting Pherecydes in the former

44

4i ANCIENT EPHESUS. … 557, 571-8-9, 586, 623, 652-3, 668, 686, 879, and particularly in

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FOUNDATION OF EPHBSUS AND EARLY HISTORY. 45 … that conducted by the Athenian Prince ; for Samos … 1 Plin. Nat. Hist. ii. 91, and v. 31. 2 Chandler, Travels, i. 164.

46

46 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … 2 Revett supposes this to be the island of Syria. He describes

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FOUNDATION OF EPHESTTS AND EARLY HISTORY. 47 … And long celebrity ! The swelling streams

Part I: The city of Ephesus / IV: Of the different buildings of the city

48

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. … WE are not to expect that the ruins of Bphesus … reflect on the rapid changes which take place in

49

OF TIIE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 49

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50 ANCIENT EPIIESUS. … sees also in this place a number of fragments and … 71, quoted in Appendix No. I. 406 B.C.; and Philost. Vit. Soph.

51

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 51

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52 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … armed troops at Coressus, . . . and sent the rest … namely, in the last year of the same olympiad,

53

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 53

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54 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … across the entrance, which, (he considered,) Avas

55

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 55 … From these narratives, therefore, and other in-

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56 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … 'Aprs'^iSo^- sW 15 7toXj^,) thereby intimating that the

57

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 57 … On this port I should imagine the arsenal and docks

58

58 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … It was also at some distance from the toAvn, as

59

OP THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 59 … 1 Frontinus, Slrat. iii. 9, § 10. 2 Hist. ATat. ii. 91, and v. 31.

60

60 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … and we may also judge of its excellence by its coins. … appear on them,6 and merchant-vessels,6 most of

61

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 61 … this picture in the harbour at Ephesus, he at once … 0 The Egyptians, however, possessed this feature of an ancient

62

62 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … 1 It is shown in Laborde's Panoramic View, and is referred to

63

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 63 … In the portico of the theatres at Pompeii, there … by columns, existed at Elis: "Above the agora

64

64 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

65

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 65

66

66 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … in the agora, as the protector and god of commerce.

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OP THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 67 … have occupied the vacant piece of ground con- … whom the Epicletes assembled, and administered all the affairs.—

68

68 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

68_tafel

Day&Son,LitKT5to the Qui

69

OF THE DIFFEEENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 69

70

70 ANCIENT BPHESUS. … hoped to meet with columns, and directed him

71

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 71 … my observations upon them by extracts from the

72

72 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … 2 Although Vitruvius writes only this and three other words in

73

OP THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 73

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74 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … 4 See the foregoing description by Vitruvius.

75

OF THE DIFFEEENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 75 … of the gymnasium, contiguous to the greater, and … There is also a third enclosure of the gymnasium,

76

76 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

77

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 77 … and schools, Vitruvius devotes a great portion of

78

78 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … Considering the gymnasium in this view, the … training in it, and thereby acquired not only an … in which the five exercises of the gymnasium were resorted to

79

OP THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 79 … in Strabo,3 where he speaks of the present gymna-

80

80 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

81

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 81 … Finding gymnasia near each of the principal … 1 Plutarch (in Marcel. 21) remarks that previous to the removal

82

82 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … 1 Augustus is said to have composed two books in the bath :

83

OP THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OP THE CITY. 83

84

84 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

85

OP THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 85 … ing the other buildings of the same destination.

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86 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … Rome that should outvie even the most noted

87

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 87 … of marble, and vested in the Eastern or Parthian

88

88 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … existed on the eastern side, of "which I discovered … 5 Ilernuv, or statues of Mercury, were placed in the palcestne,

89

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 89

90

90 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

91

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CUT. 91 … that they have once been filled in with walls ; and I … by Sir Christopher Wren to secure the foundations of the north-

92

92 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

93

OF THE D1FFEBENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 93

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94 ANCIENT EPHBStJS. … the stadium, evidently meaning a long area in the

94_tafel

Day & Son, Lith." to the Queen.

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OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 95 … This building has been taken by the great mass

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^G ANCIENT EPHESUS.

96_tafel

T>3y & Son, LitK3 to the ^uem.

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OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 97 … and ruins, so that it is probable that many of them … journey.) Smith,1 as Spon and Wheler ~ also, states

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98 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … water-conduits. Thus, independent of the cha- … 2 Id. Travels, pp. 106-7. 3 Descr. of the E. p. 52.

99

OP THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF TIIE CITY. 99

100

OF THE

100_tafel

OF THE THEATRE

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OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 101 … trace the total extent of the building, and thereby … and thereby formed a lobby opening into either … have been merely a bath without the adjunct of a

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102 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … 3 The accounts given us by ancient authors of the accommoda-

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OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 103 … notices the portico leading from the Theatre to the

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104 ANCIENT BPHBSUS. … The Stadium is now in an equal state of ruin

105

OF THE D1ITEKENT BUILDINGS' OF THE CITY. 105

106

106 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

106_tafel

The columns both. oFtke central Inulding and

107

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 107 … but this is merely conjectural. The names of the

108

108 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … Pausanias classed among the remarkable objects of

109

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 109 … Neptune,7 Ceres,8 Serapis and Isis,9 Mercury,10

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ANCIENT EPHESUS. … Claudius, and possibly other temples of Diana, as … medals. See part ii. ch v. and § 1.

111

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. Ill … AND ROME.

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112 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … enclosed in a square peribolus, and on the opposite

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OP THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OP THE CITY. 113 … On leaving the Opistholeprian Gymnasium, one sees … in the plan by a colonnade.

114

114 ANCIENT EPHBSUS.

115

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 115

116

ANCIENT EPHESUS.

117

OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 117 … KAIRE ARTEMI and CI* AIANWN … the tunnelled aqueduct still visible along the slopes

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ANCIENT EPHESUS. … and … The tombs of the Ephesians are situated on the

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OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. 119 … the trophy executed by Thrasvllus, (400 B.C.) at

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ANCIENT EHIESTJS. … It was adorned with two columns and three

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OF THE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS OF THE CITY. ] 21 … the possession of the Duke of Bedford : the third … by the Rev. Mr. Arundell, agreeably with the

Part I: The city of Ephesus / V: Prosperity and affluence of th ecity - illustrious natives

122

PROSPERITY AND AFFLUENCE OF THE CITY---- … Ephesus was regarded as the metropolis of … It once had possession of Magnesia,6 and of

123

PROSPERITY AND AFFLUENCE OF THE OITT. 123 … it was particularly favoured. It enjoyed a safe and … to the appellation of the finest region under heaven, … prohibiting the culture of the vine iu Ionia ; but the inhabitants

124

124 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

125

PROSPERITY AND AFFLUEXCE OF THE CITY. 125 … 2 In Herodotus (viii. 105) we read of a pirate who was in the

126

126 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … with the establishment of an Ionian and Carian colony in Egypt,

127

PEOSPERITY AND AFFLUENCE OF THE CITY. 127 … But whatever might have been the natural advan- natives of … wealth or power, its fertility and beauty, we have … the labours of its philosophers and rhetoricians,

128

128 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … was such as to be unintelligible to the physicians, … and recondite meaning. Hipponax was a distin- … 4 For which they honoured him by erecting his statue in the … 5 Strabo, p. 642. He was an historian, poet, and politician.

129

they exaggerated his naturally deformed appearance; … to the Alexandrian chronologists, he flourished one … established, and increased in population, as to be … under the name of Alope; but when we consider

130

130 ANCIENT EPHESDS. … painted the portrait of a comical old woman, the … have come down to us, are Idaeus,2 Ephorus3 the

131

preceptor of Apelles, Theodoras, and Clesides.1

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132 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

133

Dion, the philosopher, (about 350 B.C.) … Soramus, Heraclides, Asclepiades, and Magnus,

134

134 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … money to his friends without interest, giving to the … I will close this list with the name of Phormio,3 a

Part I: The city of Ephesus / VI: Character of the Ephesians - Practice of magic

135

CHARACTER OF THE EPHESIAN8—PRACTICE OF MAGIC. … pher was a satirist, and may be supposed to give

136

136 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … been derived from their intercourse with the … 3 " The garments of the Ionians are of violet, purple, or scarlet

137

CHARACTER OF THE EPHESJANS. 137 … 2 Antony presented one of these with the tributes of four cities.

138

138 ANCIENT EPHESTTS. … ' Full of charms, perfumes, and incense,

139

Ephesus was, above all other places in the world, … Ephesus. Shortly after the death of Julius Caesar,

140

140 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … useful and sanative to man. He composed incan-

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tations, by which, distempers are alleviated, and he … people that Avere demoniacal in the presence of … Avrought special miracles at Ephesus, Avhereby the

142

142 ANCIENT EPHESUS.

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they counted the price of them and found it fifty … 5 Dallaway, Const, pp. 221-2 ; Gibbon, cb. xxiii. The former,

144

144 ANCIENT EPHESUS. … to the subject of philosophy. Maximus was sent … cydes, the Pythagorean philosopher, tells us they

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" The skin anointed with golden ointment; … And carrying in sewn leather bags … rtrpac, the year, (as being formed of the/bur seasons.) … 1 Athen. p. 548. " The very athletoe and other candidates at … sent bis son to a magician to be taught by him secret spells and … the muttoton, which, as explained by the scholiast of Lucian, (in

146

146 ANCIENT EPHBSUS. … the number. Thus we shall have light and dark- … Eustathius, spells were engraved on the feet, girdle, … mits, pp. HG3 and 1330.

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miracles of Apollonius, and the miraculous appear- … examining and proving what was the right way,

Part I: The city of Ephesus / VII: Christian traditions and modern history

148

CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS AND MODERN HISTORY.

149

CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS AND MODERN HISTORY. 149 … its very site uncertain. The majority of travellers … nounced, is supposed to derive its name from the

150

died A. D. 217,) at which time the Ephesian … denote its being higher than the adjoining hill or … designating the clefts or quarries of Mount Pion."2

151

CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS AND MODERN HISTORY. 151 … indented ridges and rocky character. Arundell

152

other Besides the Church of St. John, there were three … ruin on the north side of the Forum. It is a very … church between this church and the double foun-

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CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS AND MODERN HISTORY. 153 … in number to the days of the year.3 The principal

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and may be taken as a fair specimen of the skill … 2 Choisenl Gonffier, Spon and Wheler, Tavernier, Le Bran,

154_tafel 3

_/7t z1/?^ -name ar ■'•? -most merciAzI, the most compassionate. &.C.

155

CHBISTIAN TRADITIONS' AND MODERN HISTORY. 155

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and therefore, unlike the absides of our churches, … several Corinthian capitals are within and near the … them, we may reasonably conclude that at the time of

156_tafel 2

J-raise to the liuiny God. xvTie sieenet^ not and cftetA not

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CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS AND MODERN HISTORY. 157 … On the east of Mount Pion is the " Grotto of the … some cattle, wandered into a cavern, and there fell … OF THE

158

he returned home and found his younger brother … The Seven Sleepers are held in great repute of

159

CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS AND MODERN HISTORY. 159 … Turkish Bracelet, with the Names of the Seven Sleepers.

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M. Ampere1 describes it as so rugged, gloomy, and

161

CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS AND MODERN HISTORY. 161 … In 1402, Tamerlane took possession of the … Brusa, who defeated him and took the city.

162

mine of antiquity, and I think it would even prove

163

CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS AND MODERN HISTORY. 163

164

Hide accidental fractures, or whether they have been

Appendix to part I

165

HISTORICAL EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THE CITY OF EPIIESUS. … Archaologische /feitung, No. 3, p. 34, pi. 2 ; and in the Classical … denoting the pusillanimity of the people."—(Herod, ii. 102.)

166

the principal place in the public games ; to be clothed in purple, … ambassador to Pindarus, requiring the Ephesians to submit to

167

inevitable, Pindarus suggested that they should unite with cords … Great immunities granted by Smerdis the Magus. — (Herod. 522. … The tyrants of the Ionian cities, in order to retain their own 514. … chus was sent for (instead of sent away) at the time of Cyrus's revolt, (B.C. 559,)

168

510—493 B.C. The Ionians revolt against the Persians, and obtain the help of … 480. After Xerxes' defeat at Salamis, he proceeded to the Hellespont, … 479. His general Mardonius being defeated and slain at the … 450. Treaty entered into between Cimon and the Persians, whereby … 413—411. "War between the Athenians and Lacedaemonians for the pro-

169

tection of the Ionian cities. During the long Peloponnesian war, … Thrasyllus attacks Ephesus with a large force, but the Ephesians … 1 The Persian satraps were possessed of tbe power and authority of kings. … presents, an ox and a cheesecake. Lysander asked what the latter was ? and

170

enervated by Persian customs, and heedless of tlieir former glory ; … 401. Tissaphernes preparing to attack the cities of Ionia, the Lace- … 396. Agesilaus endeavours, but in vain, to free the Greek cities of … Agesilaus succeeds in inducing the whole province of Asia to

171

own proverb, " of whitening two walls from the same earthen … which it was resolved that the cities of the province of Asia should … From this time, Ephesus and the other Ionian cities were

172

popular government. He assigned to Diana the tribute paid to

173

and try him according to the laws of the country. On arriving … factions within the city; but no sooner did Lysimachus commence … dorus, the captain of his guards, in charge of Epliesus, which he … Ephesus remained faithful to the cause of Antigonus and Deme-

174

fled to Ephesus with 5,000 foot and 4,000 horse; and as he reached … Lycus, found means to bribe the chief pirate Andron, (or Mandron,) … increased the hatred the Ephesians had always borne him, that

175

tracted with seditions, and while the factions in favour of Seleucus … an incursion of Thracians happening in his time, and Ephesus … Leontius the Epicurean. In consequence of this information, he

176

to honour and dignity.—(Athen. p. 593.) … the principal seat of the war that he carried on against the Romans. … back to Ephesus. Fearing now that the Romans would invade

177

Asia, he proceeded to the Chersonesus, to place garrisons in the … the remainder of his fleet, for the purpose of repairs, while Annibal … extent, by destroying the whole of the Rhodian fleet through a … himself would do in the same case : that his intention had been to

178

time with everything from Asia, would pass the summer at their … assistance under the command of Annibal, was taken or destroyed

179

of the mole across the harbour, (see page 54.) He was poisoned 138 B.C. … fertile, or better stored with wealthy and pleasant cities ; the best … a hatred had the Romans drawn upon themselves by the rapacious

180

prison, and beheaded him. Having thus declared their inde- … The lamentable state of Asia at this period is but too faithfully … 78. Lucullus was appointed qiuustor in 78 B.C., and be probably on … 73. for afterwards, on his being elected consul, governor of Cilicia, and … 41. On their defeat, Antony arrived at Ephesus, and fined the … Civ. iii. 26 ; v. 4, 5, G.) Ephesus suffered nearly as much from the

181

luxury, and fell into all the dissipation of his former life. Antony … Antony having thus given himself up to luxury and debauch, … (£4,G00,000,) and provisions for the whole army." From Ephesus

182

part of his reign, showed himself to be one of the most liberal,

183

PERIOD THE FIEST. … His descendants, under the title of Ilcraclidw, established themselves in Lydia, … PERIOD THE SECOND. … and Ionia. … Thelonians masters of the sea … Smerdis, the Magus, exempts … Darius exacts tribute, and

184

PERIOD THE THIED. … Satraps of Lydia and Ionia. … Republic and Revolt. … „ and Revolt … From this time the Persians take the part of the Athenians and Peloponne- … ,, and Revolt … Tithraustes, satrap of the sea. … Oligarchy of Syrpkax and his … Extinction of the Per-

185

PEHIOD THE FOUltTH. … AntigonuSf and his son Demitn'as. … the Thraciaus. … A utiochus (the Great). … PERIOD THE FIFTH. … bequeathed his kingdom to the Roman people … Conquered by the Romans under Sylla.

186

dred and thirty it was controlled by a foreign garrison, and from

Part II: The temple of Diana

187

THE TEMPLE OF DIANA.

Part II: The temple of Diana / I: Notice of the works of ancient writers - Preposterous accounts of modern travellers - Magnificence and celebrity of the temple

189

NOTICE OF THE WOltKS OF ANCIENT WRITERS. ---- I'REPOSTEROUS

190

their attention to the Temple. … and by Athenaeus ;3 and from the latter it would … represents the Temple of Ephesus, but is only doubtful which of

191

WOBKS OP ANCIENT WEITERS, ETC. … - Cesai-ianus,Vitr. iv. nota; M. de la Chause, in the Horn. Jfus.

192

Gymnasium, as the remains of the eighth or last … " I have beheld the Ephesian miracle ; … in the Saggi di Dissert. Acad. deW Acad. Elrus. di Oortona, vol.

193

WORKS OP ANCIENT WRITERS, ETC. 193 … the Temple of Diana) which we know, accords with

194

Prokescli,1 however, insists upon the Great Gym- … discernment, perceived that the spot usually selected for the

195

WOBKS OP ANCIENT WRITERS, ETC. 195

196

brated temple) by the Alpheus, and the Hanging … appears from an ancient epigram that it was called

Part II: The temple of Diana / II: Situation of the temple

197

SITUATION OF THE TEMPLE. … respecting the position of this temple, no one has … 1. In the first place, we know it was outside

198

2. It was originally on the sea shore. … of the Temple of Diana. Pliny, who gives us this … stand not the centre of an actual marsh, or stagnant … standing of the passage of Herodotus.—(Larcher, Herod, torn. vii.

199

SITUATION OF THE TEMPLE. 199 … in the marshes? and another at Messeni.2 At Trcezen

200

Diana in the place Avhich was called AipvctTai," and … 8 Guhl, Eph. 85, quoting Cluver, Corsic. Ant. pp. 505 and 508.

201

SITUATION OF THE TEMPLE. 201 … indeed, they may have referred to those rivers which … may regard the Selinus rivers as water-brooks, in

202

hills, and in summer as dry channels, unfed by any

203

SITUATION OP THE TEMPLE. -203 … and a half to three stadia, or from 900 to 1,800 … the Temple 4,200 feet distant from the old town … In the first place it may be observed that the ac-

204

from the chart of the Gulf of Scala Nuova and … the sea, and at some distance from the city, (see

205

SITUATION OF THE TEMPLE. 20-5 … feet from the quarries, which are on the north side … 2 See page 43. Even were we to suppose that the more ancient

206

the city also in the time of Xenophon the Ephesian ; … and indeed, in any way that we regard it, we must

207

SITUATION OF THE TEMPLE. 207

208

pened to be in a line, and led to so famous a city

209

SITUATION OF THE TEMPLE. 200

Part II: The temple of Diana / III: The earlier temples of Diana, and their conflagrations

210

THE EARLIER TE5IPLES OF DIANA, AND THEIK CONFLAGRATIONS.

211

THE EARLIER TEMPLES OP DIANA, ETC. 211 … Some even pretended that the Temple, like the … 5 Such I conceive to be the meaning of DionjTsius' expression,—

212

supposed, with the Orithya mentioned by Justimis, … 3 Hercules is generally said to have been sent to take the belt

213

THE EARLIER TEMPLES OF DIANA, ETC. 213 … temple in the Agora, we cannot suppose it was of … 2 Tins was another tribe of Amazons, and came from Cimmena.

214

been burnt seven times:l the temple which he … that he was repulsed by the power of the goddess.3

215

THE EARLIER TEMPLES OP DIANA, ETC. 215 … order to establish unity and concord between Eome

216

difficulty was, how to raise the architraves of such … As these same architects, Ctesiphon and Meta- … events, that it was quite completed at the time of

217

THE EARLIER TEMPLES OE DIANA, ETC. 217 … that the style was rather extravagant. Timotheus … On the destruction of the sixth temple, the seventh … 3 Meineke translates this—golden sigla to celebrate the thou- … 4 The sighs, according to Hesychius, was a Persian coin worth

218

From the renown in Avhich the Temple of Diana

219

THE EARLIER TEMPLES OF DIANA, ETC. 219 … " it was decreed by the public council of Asia, that the … remarkable, that buildings constructed of stone and

Part II: The temple of Diana / IV: The celebrated temple

220

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. … the Temple of Diana :— … erroneous belief, and we should have adopted with

221

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 221 … of the Temple, as it contains nearly all we know … the ground. Again, that the foundations of such

222

Now, from the above account, we do not know … column, the whole of the thirty-six, or none at

223

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 223 … 2. The Temple of Diana always occupied the same

224

ness. For the soil being dug up to a great depth, … 1 Philo, de Septem Orbis Miraculis, Mir. vi. He lived about … broken by the slightest blow, to be crushed by the gentlest

225

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 225 … 2 The consideration of this subject will naturally call to mind

226

dwelt in these parts at the time the Ephesians had … attacks they happened to miss each other, and

227

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE; 227

228

8,000 feet, and the interval is a plain without any … read one hundred and twenty : for thus it stands … (136 B.C.) far too late to be in character with the … the seventh temple, as we shall presently see, was … 4 Vitr. vii. Prsef. Ctesiphon the sculptor was contemporary

229

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 229 … the son of Bhcecus : and Rhoecus, we learn from … Ave suppose he began these works in the beginning … suppose the foundations of the Temple of Diana

230

to Have been laid.1 THe Temple itself was designed … It was, as Ave have already seen, the sixth temple

231

THE CELEBKATED TEMPLE. 231 … two hundred and twenty years, we find the Temple

232

Temple did not always occupy the same locality; … vii. 38; xxxiv. 42 ; and Solinus, lii. In another passage in Pliny,

233

THE OELEBEATED TEMPLE. 233 … from the difficulty of raising contributions, from … The following is the account given us by

234

We are told that the Temple of Diana was built … 1 Plin. //. vV. xxxvi. 21. " Asia is bounded on the east by Lycia

235

THE CELEBRATED TEMTLE. 235 … asserted, 'that the Ephesians rebuilt their temple

236

.... And after the refusal of Alexander's offer, … 2 Id. p. 034. Perhaps because the Sun and Moon were … 3 See Pans. ii. 17, where is is stated that the Temple of Juno at

237

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 237 … sets-off in the substructure or foundations of the Temple.

238

step.1 " It seems probable that seven of the steps … Chandler's description here is ambiguous and

239

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 239

240

were provided by Ctesiplion, were monolithal, and … improving its architectual appearance. And thus,

241

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 241 … by the fact that there are no curved lines in this temple. The

242

columns, and their distribution. We have already

243

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 243

244

shafts, for the insertion of an inscription stating by … and I will Avrite upon him my new name." The

245

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 245 … built about 530 B.C. See page 229.) This is prior to the sixth

246

The Temple lias been thought by some, from a … in the pronaos and posticum, with a double row of … Horn. vol. v. p. 1, which shows an Ionic column on the breast ; and

247

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 247 … 3 It is due to the numerous writers who have imagined the

248

The height of the columns being 60 feet, we shall … to infer that the Temple of Diana was dodecastyle ; but on this

249

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 249 … these two points as fixed, viz., that the height of … tion with the front intercolumniation of 1G-3C3. If … Col. Leake gives twenty-one columns to the sides, which would

250

and if we suppose eighteen, it -would be 17*299, … longer followed at the period of rebuilding the eighth

251

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 251 … the credit of having designed one of these columns … 8 The value of the works of this otherwise diligent writer is

252

the 87th Olympiad; the other, who is the celebrated … the columns ornamented by Scopas were those of … Achilles, and the Nereids.

253

and ccdatura from xoihog, Latin ccelum, a sinking.2 … rately, whether beaten, or worked by the chisel,

254

ancients,1 the latter word being sometimes given to … the most ancient periods of architecture. Workers … Unnumbered gifts adorned the costly shrine,

255

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 255 … Chalcicecus. Among the Romans, too, there is a … treat, when terrified by the return of Hercules.8

256

000 talents. And the weight of the nails was … 2 These words materially assist M. Qnatremere's opinion on the … 3 2 Kings, v. 15 to 35, especially verses 19, 29, and 35.

257

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 257

258

prodigality, but springing from the nice perceptions … few specimens, but the feeling with which it is con-

259

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 259 … succeeded this in the more regularly formed

260

they were and must have been, conceived the idea,

261

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 2G1 … minence to the leading lines; to create harmony

262

epoch; while the terra-cotta cornices of the houses

263

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 263

264

row consists of circles filled in with black and light … whether only the inner columns of the pronaos

265

THE CELEBBATED TEMPLE. 265

266

but' then temples were seldom approached in the … support of this principle. The Temple of Minerva

267

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 267 … Kugler, who makes the following remark, which is … 2 It has been objected, (Kugler, Polych., in the Trans, li. I. B. A.

268

ccelatce of the Temple of Diana: columns enriched … the sculptures of the temple, the arrangement and … " The hypgethros has (generally) ten columns in the

269

THE OELEBBATED TEMPLE. 269 … naturally refer to in the text; and thus having … the peripteral temple had six columns in front, and … peripteral: bis diagram of the pseudo-dipteral had

270

eight columns in front, and this instance is the … amples with which he thinks they would be most … the necessities of the case, that the Parthenon had a semicircular

271

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 271 … central and horizontal opening in the ridge of the

272

voured to show, from the nature of the thing, that … sonating the moon, descended to the sleeping Endy- … ture proves that the opening was occasionally closed

273

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. … pose once belonged to this temple. It is, in fact, the … " Instant at his behest, the pious youth

274

Enclosing, as the skilful say, a square … On this rich produce of the loom are wrought … With slacken'd reins, her steeds and dusky car : … Appear ; and glowing in the east Aurora, … Here, independently of Hercules and the Amazons,

275

THE CELEBBATED TEMPLE. 275

276

columns in the hypsethral part: the lower were … the Temple of Neptune at Psestum, and some temples

277

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 277 … mark of the hypsethral temple; and we may there- … 3 Paus. i. 18. It is possible that in some of the foregoing

278

the Parthenon also it has recently been discovered … sented with a statue on each return front,3 and the … from the temple at Delphi on one occasion.—(See page 306.)

279

the Temple of Jupiter Tonans is represented as … the avenues of sphinxes with which the Egyptians … approach to the Temple of Apollo at Miletus, till the

280

and be excited to emulate tliem. To the placing of

281

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 281 … or whether they were inlaid with other woods, or

282

destroyed; for Petrus Gyllius, speaking of the loss … of a temple the door of -which had the outside panel of right … the choir or presbytery from the nave ; and they are also seen in

283

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 283 … to the pronaos."1 It is to be remarked here that

284

wood, and decorated with painting. The shrines … 3 Paus. v. 20. Tertullian speaks of the decorated ceilings of

285

THE CELEBRATED TEMPLE. 285 … vine of an immense size, which I took a drawing of, and lent to a

Part II: The temple of Diana / V: The contens of the temple

286

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. … Oral. xv. Such were the statues of the Attic Minerva and the

286_tafel

IM" THE MUSEUM AT STAPLES.

287

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 287 … heaven, and therefore worthy of particular reverence; … 8 Suidas in AunrcrEf. The statue of Diana in the Tauric Cher-

288

in the hollow of a large cedar-tree, and the goddess … We are equally uncertain of what wood the statue … 3 The statue of the Temple of Diana at Styinphalus was of wood,

289

THE CONTENTS OP THE TEMPLE. 289 … spikenard, in order that the moist nature of that … down from Jupiter dated from the establishment … 2 From this passage Quatremere de Quincy supposes that the

290

The great number of breasts of animals with

291

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 291

292

drawn by bulls, because as these till the ground, so … the circumstance of the time of bearing: being; … feel the effects of her light and divinity ; and that

293

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 293

294

To this the goddess answered :—

295

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 295

296

of a wild boar; with a shield; kneeling on, and … Amphipyros, girt with fire ; Aphcea, deliverer; Ariste, the best;

297

THE CONTENTS OP THE TEMPLE. 297

298

This was in 1491 B.C. The description of the … 4 Some of these are particularly gorgeous, especially in the rich

299

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 299 … by Callimachus in the following manner, the effect … ' See how the laurel's hallowed branches wave ! … 4 Pint, in Marcel. 20. The mothers are supposed to be Cybele,

300

See ! The glad sign the Delian palm hath given ! … We will prepare, behold thee, and be blessed. … That these appearances were not the mere dis- … moving representations of the deity, is clearly shown … objects, the figure of the spectator was invisible.

301

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEAirtE. 301 … prevent their running away ! The perpetual lamps

302

temple, as in the instances already quoted, is evident … 3 Iu Baruch, vi. 11, 12, 58, 72 ; and Herod, ii. 132, the idols … embroidered vest. Cicero, (de Nat. J)eor. iii.,) and Valer. Max.

303

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 303 … 7 (As goddess of nature.) Some of the ancients supposed that

304

hours and seasons return by thy appointment, and … Diana, at Patrae in Achaia: the goddess Avas mag- … (viii. 39.) The worship of the Ephesian Diana was also celebrated

305

THE CONTEXTS OP THE TEMPLE. 305 … fountain in the Temple ;a probably the same which … also in the Temple of Diana at Marios,4 in the … Syria, Philadelphia in Lydia, Prnsa, Raphaneffi, Samos, and Thy-

306

with sculpture and ornament of such a description

307

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 307 … are full of such works of ancient art: and the whole … the temples of Esculapius at Athens,5 of Minerva

308

tells us that the statues alone of the Temple would … perceive above the altar of Diana, who is called

309

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 309 … and on one occasion five artists competed together. … of the Amazons. On one occasion, when some … the next to him was Phidias,3 the third Ctesiphon, … flourished in the reign of Philip,) placed two fine … brated for the beauty of the legs.—(Id. xxxiv. 19, § 21.)

310

that the other is referred to by the same writer, … four colours (only). He received in payment for the

311

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 311 … speaks of this painting being the most valuable

312

stood in the Temple, but was destroyed by the … 6. The Treasury of the Temple.

313

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEMPLE. 313 … Pausanias gives a long description of the trea-

314

left it with Megabyzus, the priest of that goddess, … restore the money to him."1 Not only the Greeks,

315

THE CONTENTS OF THE TEJIPLE. 315

Part II: The temple of Diana / VI: The accessoiries and appendages to the temple

316

THE ACCESSORIES AND APPENDAGES TO THE TEMPLE. … also joined the Temple of Diana to the city, com- … the Temple, even when it rained. On the com-

317

ACCESSORIES AND APPENDAGES TO THE TEMPLE. 317 … There was a similar building at Blis within the … sacred grove connected with the Temple and at … xi. 557, and in iii. 680, 1, where he especially distinguishes between

318

Thus, of the Temple of Diana Ephesia built by

319

ACCESSORIES AND APPENDAGES TO THE TEMPLE. 319

320

find the following fable in Achilles Tatius :— … 1 The syrinx, or fistula, is well described by Tibullus :— … 2 This fable is similar to that of Tan and the nymph Syrinx in

321

ACCESSORIES AND APPENDAGES TO THE TEMPLE. 321 … The Abbe de la Bleterie has collected the following

322

ing to the reader, as the event took place in this … finally seduced till after his conference with the

323

ACCESSOBIES AND APPENDAGES TO THE TEMTLE. 323 … a grain of incense, and muttered to himself some … purify the reason."

324

him in his enchantments, sent for Chrysanthus, and … they were, but to bury themselves in the bowels of

325

ACCESSORIES AND APPENDAGES TO THE TEMPLE. 325 … received him with the highest honours, and allowed … accused of predicting who was to be the successor

326

represented on some of the coins of Ephesus, where … sented, but none of these appear to be the Temjile of Diana.

Part II: The temple of Diana / VII: The asylum to the temple - Priests, and ceremonies of the temple

327

THE ASYLUM OF THE TEMPLE.----PRIESTS, AND CEREMONIES … who was delivered under an olive-tree of Apollo and

328

roof, (of the peribolus ?) which was rather more than

329

ASYLUM OF THE TEMPLE, ETC. 329 … from whom it was lawful to fly for refuge to the

330

Of the priests, we learn from Strabo that they … They were treated with great honour, and had virgins … be eunuchs : and Heraclitus inveighs bitterly against … The title of Megabyzus, as it is generally written, … under my power." 5 The name might also derive

331

ASYLUM OF THE TEMPLE, ETC. 331 … 2 Herod, iv. 143, 4 ; v. 1, 2, 12. 14-17. The manner in which

332

recorded of Antiochus the Great that, perceiving the … of the sacred herald, the incense-burner, the flute-

333

and we find Lycurgus particularly enjoining his coun- … service, and celebrated with peculiar rites:—" To

334

being sacred to the goddess: for, from this im-

335

ASYLUM OP THE TEMPLE, ETC. 335

336

her to be Diana herself.... When the procession … says:—" We are told that the daughters of the … and their arms, and then formed a chorus assisting1

337

ASYLUM OF THE TEMPLE, ETC. 337 … While round their quivered queen the quires advance,

338

Lncian represents Harmonides praising the softness … lib. i., quoted by Atbenseus, (p. G36c.) when the public officer was

339

ASYLUM OF THE TEMPLE, ETC. 339 … among theru a small statue of Apollo which held a lyre of the … 5 " On the division of the money arising from the sale of the

340

captives, one-tenth part was consecrated to Apollo and the Ephe-

Part II: The temple of Diana / VIII: Final destruction, and conclusion

341

FINAL DESTRUCTION, AND CONCLUSION.

342

is the case, whenever the monument, in falling, … tively perfect. No wonder, then, that all the super- … remove the money long treasured up in the Temple

343

FINAL DESTRUCTION, AND CONCLUSION. 343 … 4 Solinus, edit, of 1498, li. ; Tacit, ii. 47 ; Strabo and Pliny.

344

From this year to the third century, we have no

345

FINAL DESTRUCTION, AND CONCLUSION. 345

346

Perish while still Diana's help they claim. … For peace and quietness, perpetual strife. … " We now seek the Temple in vain : the city is

Verlangsinformation

347

COX AND 'WTirAN, PRINTERS, GREAT QUEEN" STREET,

348

THE CAUSES AND PEINCIPLES OF THE EXCELLENCE … MEMBER OP THK ACADEMY OF BOI.OGNA, AND OF TIIK ARCI1/KOI.OOICA I.

349

By the same Author, price 3s. Gd. … A PAPER READ BEFORE THE ARCII/EOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BERLIN.

350

ESSAYS ON ANCIENT ART. … — On the Advantage of the Study of Antiquity, and on Excellence … On the Paintings by Polygnotus in the Lesche of Delphi . . W, Watkiss Lloyd … On the Lydian Double Pipe (Tibia; Pares) at Pompeii . . . James A. Davies. … On the Theatres of Vicenza and Verona.....Edward Falkenkr. … On the Theatre, Odeum, and other Monuments of Acrsein Sicily John Hogg.

351

THEATRES AND OTHER REMAINS … TO THE

Maßstab/Farbkeil

farbkeil

ASYLUM OF THE TEMPLE, ETC. … attle."3 And lastly, when … rffi^S a* mulcted the inhabitants … polio winch held a lyre of the … y arising from the sale of the

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