108

4. Description of the amphora types

The heavy mineral assemblage (arithmetic mean of four samples) consists of augitic clinopyroxene (65%), diopsidic clinopy-
roxene (32%), spinel (2%) and traces of rutile, brookite/anatase, titanite, garnet, epidote/zoisite, and not identified grains.
Comment'. Typical are the leucite rich volcanic rock fragments. The heavy mineral composition clearly points to sediments
sourced predominantly by a volcanic hinterland. A provenance in the volcanic region of southern Italy seems to be very likely
but a more exact definition of provenance cannot be given without more reference material.
R.S.

Italian Fabric E

Sample: no. 222
Matrix'. Optically inactive, partially recrystallised lime-rich groundmass. The temper content is high and the grains are partly
well rounded and poorly sorted.
Temper. Frequent moulds of former carbonates, subordinate sanidine, moderate mono- and polycrystalline quartz, rare alkali
feldspars, carbonate grains, augite, opaque matter and iron oxide concretions, very rare volcanic plagioclase, muscovite, bio-
tite, and heavy minerals and traces of chert, oxidized mica, foraminifers, siltstone/sandstone, crystalline rock fragments and
volcanic rock fragments.
The heavy mineral assemblage consists of augitic clinopyroxene (70%), diopsidic clinopyroxene (26%), spinel (3%), garnet
(1%) and traces of rutile, hornblende and unidentified grains.
Comment'. Typical are the frequent augite and carbonate particles. The heavy mineral composition clearly points to sediments
sourced predominantly by a volcanic hinterland. A provenance in the volcanic region of southern Italy seems to be very
likely.
Note: Amphora no. 209 Dressel 1A also belongs to this group.
R.S.

Italian Fabric G

Sample: no. 228
Matrix', granular (fine mica plus very fine grained carbonate particles), calcareous, optically active (very low firing temperature)
Temper. Very frequent carbonate grains, frequent sanidine, subordinate volcanic plagioclase, muscovite, volcanic rock frag-
ments and iron oxide concretions, rare monocrystalline quartz and augite, very rare biotite, foraminifers, calcite bioclasts and
heavy minerals.
The heavy mineral assemblage consists of augitic clinopyroxene (74%), diopsidic clinopyroxene (25%), traces of garnet and
melanite
Comment: The heavy mineral composition clearly points to sediments sourced predominantly by a volcanic hinterland. A prov-
enance in the volcanic region of southern Italy seems to be very likely.
R.S.

Spanish fabric A

Sample: no. 246
Matrix'. Dark-brownish, inactive groundmass.
Temper. Content is approx: 24 %, the temper grains are bimodally sorted, (maximum grain size: 0.8 mm).
The temper grains consist of frequent monocrystalline quartz, subordinate muscovite and moulds of former carbonates, mod-
erate alkali feldspars and iron oxide concretions, rare polycrystalline quartz, chert, biotite, foraminifers, siltstone/sandstone,
crystalline rock fragments and heavy minerals and traces of calcite bioclasts.
Typical is the presence of most likely artificially added, partially well rounded quartz grains (grain size approx. 0.2-0.6 mm).
Some grains show quartz cement overgrowths. The few crystalline rock fragments are mainly quartzite.
The heavy mineral assemblage consists of zircon (32%), disthene (16%), rutile (8%), sillimanite (7%), unidentified grains
(7%), brookite/anatase (5%), staurolite (5%), andalusite (4%), titanite (3%), garnet (3%), hornblende (3%), chromium spinel
(2%), spinel (2%), epidote/zoisite (1%), monazite (1%) and diopsidic clinopyroxene (1%).

7?.S.