DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.25500#0212
ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE.
143
MONASTIC BUILDINGS
were attached to abbey churches of the various religious
orders (see ante, page 133), and were usually grouped round
the cloisters. They comprise the dormitory, refectory (or
dining-room), kitchen, granaries, bakehouses, etc. The
monasteries, it should be remembered, answered the purpose
of inns in little frequented places, as is the case to this day
on the continent.
Westminster Abbey is a good example (see ground plan,
No. 73).
THE CASTLES AND RESIDENCES OF THE NOBLES
form an important part of the architecture of the Middle
Ages, and they fortified up to the end of the fourteenth
century. They were generally residences as well as military
posts, thus, while complying with the ideas of defence, the
planning of these castles also illustrates the system of the
relation of the vassal to his lord, who, while exacting the
former’s service, was also theoretically bound to maintain
him.
General plan : a keep or central tower protected by a
moat of water.
“ The battled towers, the donjon keep,
The loophole grates where captives weep.”—Scott.
Ex.: White Tower, London (1081-1090).
As time went on, these castles were further enlarged by
additional buildings, clustering round the keep. There
were two inclosures, the inner and outer “ bailey,” the
keep being situated in the centre of the former. The
castles were less strongly fortified, as the growth of the royal
power suppressed petty wars between rival nobles, while
the invention of gunpowder rendered the moat comparatively
useless, and soon rendered quite obsolete the castle system
of defence.
In the fourteenth century an increased desire for privacy
arose, and the highest development of the hall was
attained. Compare these examples : Westminster Hall, a
143
MONASTIC BUILDINGS
were attached to abbey churches of the various religious
orders (see ante, page 133), and were usually grouped round
the cloisters. They comprise the dormitory, refectory (or
dining-room), kitchen, granaries, bakehouses, etc. The
monasteries, it should be remembered, answered the purpose
of inns in little frequented places, as is the case to this day
on the continent.
Westminster Abbey is a good example (see ground plan,
No. 73).
THE CASTLES AND RESIDENCES OF THE NOBLES
form an important part of the architecture of the Middle
Ages, and they fortified up to the end of the fourteenth
century. They were generally residences as well as military
posts, thus, while complying with the ideas of defence, the
planning of these castles also illustrates the system of the
relation of the vassal to his lord, who, while exacting the
former’s service, was also theoretically bound to maintain
him.
General plan : a keep or central tower protected by a
moat of water.
“ The battled towers, the donjon keep,
The loophole grates where captives weep.”—Scott.
Ex.: White Tower, London (1081-1090).
As time went on, these castles were further enlarged by
additional buildings, clustering round the keep. There
were two inclosures, the inner and outer “ bailey,” the
keep being situated in the centre of the former. The
castles were less strongly fortified, as the growth of the royal
power suppressed petty wars between rival nobles, while
the invention of gunpowder rendered the moat comparatively
useless, and soon rendered quite obsolete the castle system
of defence.
In the fourteenth century an increased desire for privacy
arose, and the highest development of the hall was
attained. Compare these examples : Westminster Hall, a