DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.25500#0362
242
COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE.
ITALIAN.
openings (Nos. 128, 129),
and in late examples the use
of the classic orders, rather
than convenience, deter-
mines their position. Early
designs are often astylar, the
openings are the features
upon which all the detail is
concentrated. In the later
buildings greater plainness
prevails to give effect to the
orders. It should be noted
that in the Rococo period a
return was made often to the
astylar principle, when ex-
cessive prominence and ex-
aggeration of detail marks
the window dressings. As
the attic is rare in Italian
work, on account of the use
of the great cornice, the top
floor openings are often
formed into a deep band, or
frieze. In Genoa they are
set between great consoles,
that give support to the main
cornice.
D. Roofs—Flat roofs, or
nearly so, a special feature,
forthereason that inanarrow
street high roofs, etc., could
not be seen. Chimneys, if
used at all, are masked and
not made much of (No. 119)
except at Venice.
In early examples tile roofs
are visible above the great
cornice, the latter are nearly
always balustraded. Domes
are relied upon for sky-line
in churches. The Belvedere
gives character to villas.
E. Columns.—Pilasters were
either plain, or carved with
FRENCH.
soms of the Gothic method
continue, though changed in
detail (No. 134). Vertical
coupling of windows is effect-
ively practised, but as the
orders, usually one for each
storey,come increasingly into
use, the horizontal lines of
their entablatures prevail.
Symmetry in position is care-
fully attended to in late work.
Mezzanine floors are much
used in large mansions with
bull’s-eye openings, the main
apartments will then have
an upper row of windows,
to preserve the range of
openings externally. This
treatment may be seen at
Hampton Court. The attic
is a specially French feature,
circular windows (ceil de
bceuf), are often placed there
also.
D. Roofs.—High roofs are a
special feature, also elabor-
ately carved dormer windows
and chimneys, to give sky-
line and picturesqueness
from a distance (Nos. 134,
137)-
The French invention of
the Mansard form preserves
the roof as a feature. As it
lends itself to pavilions,
square or oblong, such fea-
tures acquired great promi-
nence, and at the Louvre
they are veritable towers.
E. Columns.—Pilasters, a
decorative adjunct to Gothic
COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE.
ITALIAN.
openings (Nos. 128, 129),
and in late examples the use
of the classic orders, rather
than convenience, deter-
mines their position. Early
designs are often astylar, the
openings are the features
upon which all the detail is
concentrated. In the later
buildings greater plainness
prevails to give effect to the
orders. It should be noted
that in the Rococo period a
return was made often to the
astylar principle, when ex-
cessive prominence and ex-
aggeration of detail marks
the window dressings. As
the attic is rare in Italian
work, on account of the use
of the great cornice, the top
floor openings are often
formed into a deep band, or
frieze. In Genoa they are
set between great consoles,
that give support to the main
cornice.
D. Roofs—Flat roofs, or
nearly so, a special feature,
forthereason that inanarrow
street high roofs, etc., could
not be seen. Chimneys, if
used at all, are masked and
not made much of (No. 119)
except at Venice.
In early examples tile roofs
are visible above the great
cornice, the latter are nearly
always balustraded. Domes
are relied upon for sky-line
in churches. The Belvedere
gives character to villas.
E. Columns.—Pilasters were
either plain, or carved with
FRENCH.
soms of the Gothic method
continue, though changed in
detail (No. 134). Vertical
coupling of windows is effect-
ively practised, but as the
orders, usually one for each
storey,come increasingly into
use, the horizontal lines of
their entablatures prevail.
Symmetry in position is care-
fully attended to in late work.
Mezzanine floors are much
used in large mansions with
bull’s-eye openings, the main
apartments will then have
an upper row of windows,
to preserve the range of
openings externally. This
treatment may be seen at
Hampton Court. The attic
is a specially French feature,
circular windows (ceil de
bceuf), are often placed there
also.
D. Roofs.—High roofs are a
special feature, also elabor-
ately carved dormer windows
and chimneys, to give sky-
line and picturesqueness
from a distance (Nos. 134,
137)-
The French invention of
the Mansard form preserves
the roof as a feature. As it
lends itself to pavilions,
square or oblong, such fea-
tures acquired great promi-
nence, and at the Louvre
they are veritable towers.
E. Columns.—Pilasters, a
decorative adjunct to Gothic