DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.47233#0070
54
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS.
[chap. III.
Substructure
under south wall.
Cill in north wall.
Pavement
outside.
Extra Entrance or
an Exedra.
Foundations of
internal columns.
Inner Avail.
Gutter.
Troughs.
Tile "Drain.
Lead Pipe.
Channel at west
end.
Remains of lead
pipe.
of the sloping way. It is very probable that there was a deep substructure under the south
wall of the stoa, towards the river, which was always exposed as in the case of the north-west
wing of the Propylaea at Athens, but of this we have no definite proof as the whole of this
wall has been cleared away by the encroachments of the river bed. The level of the river
bed is about 20 feet below the limestone foundation of the stylobate of the temple portico.
The cill in the north wall of the Temenos, almost opposite the centre of the court, is of
white limestone and measures 10 feet 4 inches long by 2 feet 2 inches wide, and alongside of it is
another stone, now broken, and of the same material ; the combined length of the two is about 1G
feet. The curious oddly placed and shaped piece of pavement outside of this is mostly composed of
rough conglomerate blocks and is approximately level with the cill. Some odd blocks of stone are
lying on this. It has only been partly excavated, and it is practically impossible to say definitely,
from the present state, what its use has been, and whether it was contemporary with the rest of
the structure.33 It is through this pavement that the pipes and drain ran, which supplied the water
to the gutter running round the court. With regard to the cill itself, it may either have
belonged to an additional entrance at this point, or very possibly to an exedra projecting out
from the stoa, similar to those in the Stoa of Philip.
The foundation piers of the internal columns of the stoa are in single stones and measure on
an average 3 feet 3 inches square. Nothing but the conglomerate foundation course remains of the
stylobate and row of columns which formed the inner boundary of the stoa next the court. The
slabs forming this course have also been connected by swallow-tailed dowels. The gutter stones
show no traces of dowels or cramps. The gutter has a total width
of 2 feet 8 inches, and the hollow for the water is 2 feet 1 inch
wide by inches deep. In each angle are small square troughs
8-g- inches deeper than the bed of the gutter, and there are also
two intermediate oblong ones on each side measuring 2 feet
9 inches long.34 The drain which brought the water to this gutter
consisted of a series of lengths of a red tile semicircular open
trough drain, which was probably covered over with flat tiles or
slabs (as at Olympia), and the lengths were rebated into one
another. The nature and character of these are indicated in Fig. 49.
This drain had a fall towards the gutter of about 1 in 28. It was
supplied with water at the upper end by a branch from a lead pipe
which ran diagonally across the pavement outside the stoa wall on
the north. Where this pipe came from and whither it went has not
been discovered. It is however possible that it may have been an overflow from some spring to the
north-east of this site, whether in the Agora itself or beyond it we do not know, and that it was
connected with the channel which ran towards the river on the outside of our west wall, and traces
of which still exist in the shape of holes cut in the walls at X and Y (Pl.
XIV.). The positions of these holes,·—the one at X having been cut
through the bottom of the upright course and the other at Y through
the top of the cillcourse,—show that this channel sloped towards the
river, and it is quite likely that it was the main outlet of this overflow
water, a portion of which was diverted, as occasion required, into the
gutter in our court; and it is also extremely probable that there was
an overflow from our gutter out towards the river under the south stoa
which has disappeared.
The remains of the lead pipe which were found (see Fig. 50) consist
of a piece of piping 3 feet 5 inehes long, broken away at the bottom end
and with a square cut joint at the top end. Immediately above this top
short branch spout lying loose and unconnected, and it is not unlikely that where this was
joined to the main pipe there was originally a turncock to divert the water, when necessary,
A· B·
•A·section thro' pipe ·
B SECTION THRO'SPOUT·
•C VIEW OF SpOUT
Fig. 50.
end was found a
SECTION '
7· PLAN- ■
Fig. 49.—Tile Drain.
33 The clearing of this spot was hurriedly done in October,
1892, during the time that the measurements were being
taken, and until the whole of the space immediately out-
side the north wall is completely cleared it would be almost
impossible to come to any really tangible conclusion regard-
ing it. On account of the depth of the deposit here this
clearing would be a work of considerable labour, and the
results might not justify the expense and the time occupied
in doing it.
84 There is a similar gutter with deep troughs in front
of a Stoa at Oropos.
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS.
[chap. III.
Substructure
under south wall.
Cill in north wall.
Pavement
outside.
Extra Entrance or
an Exedra.
Foundations of
internal columns.
Inner Avail.
Gutter.
Troughs.
Tile "Drain.
Lead Pipe.
Channel at west
end.
Remains of lead
pipe.
of the sloping way. It is very probable that there was a deep substructure under the south
wall of the stoa, towards the river, which was always exposed as in the case of the north-west
wing of the Propylaea at Athens, but of this we have no definite proof as the whole of this
wall has been cleared away by the encroachments of the river bed. The level of the river
bed is about 20 feet below the limestone foundation of the stylobate of the temple portico.
The cill in the north wall of the Temenos, almost opposite the centre of the court, is of
white limestone and measures 10 feet 4 inches long by 2 feet 2 inches wide, and alongside of it is
another stone, now broken, and of the same material ; the combined length of the two is about 1G
feet. The curious oddly placed and shaped piece of pavement outside of this is mostly composed of
rough conglomerate blocks and is approximately level with the cill. Some odd blocks of stone are
lying on this. It has only been partly excavated, and it is practically impossible to say definitely,
from the present state, what its use has been, and whether it was contemporary with the rest of
the structure.33 It is through this pavement that the pipes and drain ran, which supplied the water
to the gutter running round the court. With regard to the cill itself, it may either have
belonged to an additional entrance at this point, or very possibly to an exedra projecting out
from the stoa, similar to those in the Stoa of Philip.
The foundation piers of the internal columns of the stoa are in single stones and measure on
an average 3 feet 3 inches square. Nothing but the conglomerate foundation course remains of the
stylobate and row of columns which formed the inner boundary of the stoa next the court. The
slabs forming this course have also been connected by swallow-tailed dowels. The gutter stones
show no traces of dowels or cramps. The gutter has a total width
of 2 feet 8 inches, and the hollow for the water is 2 feet 1 inch
wide by inches deep. In each angle are small square troughs
8-g- inches deeper than the bed of the gutter, and there are also
two intermediate oblong ones on each side measuring 2 feet
9 inches long.34 The drain which brought the water to this gutter
consisted of a series of lengths of a red tile semicircular open
trough drain, which was probably covered over with flat tiles or
slabs (as at Olympia), and the lengths were rebated into one
another. The nature and character of these are indicated in Fig. 49.
This drain had a fall towards the gutter of about 1 in 28. It was
supplied with water at the upper end by a branch from a lead pipe
which ran diagonally across the pavement outside the stoa wall on
the north. Where this pipe came from and whither it went has not
been discovered. It is however possible that it may have been an overflow from some spring to the
north-east of this site, whether in the Agora itself or beyond it we do not know, and that it was
connected with the channel which ran towards the river on the outside of our west wall, and traces
of which still exist in the shape of holes cut in the walls at X and Y (Pl.
XIV.). The positions of these holes,·—the one at X having been cut
through the bottom of the upright course and the other at Y through
the top of the cillcourse,—show that this channel sloped towards the
river, and it is quite likely that it was the main outlet of this overflow
water, a portion of which was diverted, as occasion required, into the
gutter in our court; and it is also extremely probable that there was
an overflow from our gutter out towards the river under the south stoa
which has disappeared.
The remains of the lead pipe which were found (see Fig. 50) consist
of a piece of piping 3 feet 5 inehes long, broken away at the bottom end
and with a square cut joint at the top end. Immediately above this top
short branch spout lying loose and unconnected, and it is not unlikely that where this was
joined to the main pipe there was originally a turncock to divert the water, when necessary,
A· B·
•A·section thro' pipe ·
B SECTION THRO'SPOUT·
•C VIEW OF SpOUT
Fig. 50.
end was found a
SECTION '
7· PLAN- ■
Fig. 49.—Tile Drain.
33 The clearing of this spot was hurriedly done in October,
1892, during the time that the measurements were being
taken, and until the whole of the space immediately out-
side the north wall is completely cleared it would be almost
impossible to come to any really tangible conclusion regard-
ing it. On account of the depth of the deposit here this
clearing would be a work of considerable labour, and the
results might not justify the expense and the time occupied
in doing it.
84 There is a similar gutter with deep troughs in front
of a Stoa at Oropos.