DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.3906#0108
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(khamiii roti), 8 as. per inaund for shirmal roti (cooked in glii and milk), 2 as.
fi tao per deg and 2 paisa for every fraction of a maund per deg, 2 paisa fi tao
per degcha and patila.
Dhaliya. Dhalnewala.—This is the metal-worker who makes np
liansalis, kharas, and tariyas from jasta, (zinc! ; channis, challas, panwas, and
pachelas from ranga (pewter), and who moulds in lead models for other artisans.
The moulds (sauchas) used by this class of founders are usually made of stone
and come chiefly from Bahraich and Atraula where there are skilled stone cutters.
There are, however, some stone cutters in Lucknow who make moulds but their
work is not in much demand for it is less skilfully executed.
The goods made from zinc are not cast, but the metalis heated and worked
with a hammer on an anvil. All pewter work is "first cast and then finished
with file and hammer. In either case two men work together, generally a
master workman and a journeyman. The latter heats the metal and the former
beats it out or casts it as the case may be. Tha labourer receives l^anna per
diem. The present price of jasta (zinc) is Us. 17-8 per maund of 48 seers.
In one day 3 seers are worked up and this may be into hansalis aud kharas. Sup-
pose the latter. The outturn is 57 pairs. These the dhaliya delivers to shop-
keepers at 24 to the rupee. That is, he receives Us. 2-6. He has paid for metal
I anna 6 pie; for charcoal 3 as. His total expenditure was Ee. 1-6. Thus he
has profit of lie. 1.
The price of ranga is Re. 1-5-6 per lambari seer and lead is Rs. 14 per
maund. The dhaliya will make 3| seers weight of channis in a day. The
metal is a compound of 3 seers of ranga and § seer of lead. The cost of metal is
Re. 1-14; wages of labourer 1 anna 6 pie; and charcoal 5 as. Total Rs. 2-4-6.
The outturn is 45 pairs, sold to shop-keepers at 15 pair the rupee. Their profit is
II as. 6 pies. Nothing is allowed for wear of moulds for they last for an inde-
finitely long period.
For retail dealing see hasbhara.
Dhoi-dai.—Is the person who keeps donkeys and mules and lets them
out for carrying bricks, kankar, lime, rubbish, &c. The charges are 4 as. per
diem for a mule and 3 as. for a donkey. One driver will take care of 8 mules
or donkeys and will receive 1^ as. per diem. The latter out of the animals
pays the driver. They are fed on a mixture of bhusa, bhusi, and barley or other
cheap-grain. It oosts about 2 as. per diem to feed a mule and ll annas to feed
a donkey. Grass is never cut for them as they have some opportunity of graz-
ing when out or off work. Brick and lime carriers keep mules, and rubbish
carriers who are generally sweepers by caste keep donkeys. A dhoidar is
generally very far from poor.
Dhuniya vide Eui-farosh.
(khamiii roti), 8 as. per inaund for shirmal roti (cooked in glii and milk), 2 as.
fi tao per deg and 2 paisa for every fraction of a maund per deg, 2 paisa fi tao
per degcha and patila.
Dhaliya. Dhalnewala.—This is the metal-worker who makes np
liansalis, kharas, and tariyas from jasta, (zinc! ; channis, challas, panwas, and
pachelas from ranga (pewter), and who moulds in lead models for other artisans.
The moulds (sauchas) used by this class of founders are usually made of stone
and come chiefly from Bahraich and Atraula where there are skilled stone cutters.
There are, however, some stone cutters in Lucknow who make moulds but their
work is not in much demand for it is less skilfully executed.
The goods made from zinc are not cast, but the metalis heated and worked
with a hammer on an anvil. All pewter work is "first cast and then finished
with file and hammer. In either case two men work together, generally a
master workman and a journeyman. The latter heats the metal and the former
beats it out or casts it as the case may be. Tha labourer receives l^anna per
diem. The present price of jasta (zinc) is Us. 17-8 per maund of 48 seers.
In one day 3 seers are worked up and this may be into hansalis aud kharas. Sup-
pose the latter. The outturn is 57 pairs. These the dhaliya delivers to shop-
keepers at 24 to the rupee. That is, he receives Us. 2-6. He has paid for metal
I anna 6 pie; for charcoal 3 as. His total expenditure was Ee. 1-6. Thus he
has profit of lie. 1.
The price of ranga is Re. 1-5-6 per lambari seer and lead is Rs. 14 per
maund. The dhaliya will make 3| seers weight of channis in a day. The
metal is a compound of 3 seers of ranga and § seer of lead. The cost of metal is
Re. 1-14; wages of labourer 1 anna 6 pie; and charcoal 5 as. Total Rs. 2-4-6.
The outturn is 45 pairs, sold to shop-keepers at 15 pair the rupee. Their profit is
II as. 6 pies. Nothing is allowed for wear of moulds for they last for an inde-
finitely long period.
For retail dealing see hasbhara.
Dhoi-dai.—Is the person who keeps donkeys and mules and lets them
out for carrying bricks, kankar, lime, rubbish, &c. The charges are 4 as. per
diem for a mule and 3 as. for a donkey. One driver will take care of 8 mules
or donkeys and will receive 1^ as. per diem. The latter out of the animals
pays the driver. They are fed on a mixture of bhusa, bhusi, and barley or other
cheap-grain. It oosts about 2 as. per diem to feed a mule and ll annas to feed
a donkey. Grass is never cut for them as they have some opportunity of graz-
ing when out or off work. Brick and lime carriers keep mules, and rubbish
carriers who are generally sweepers by caste keep donkeys. A dhoidar is
generally very far from poor.
Dhuniya vide Eui-farosh.