DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.3906#0168
( 162 )
PUZawewala.—The brick manufacturer buys the field from which he
digs the earth required for brick making, and the price ranges from Es. 50 to
Es. 100 per bigah according to the depth of earth suitable for brick making
which it is estimated the field would give. He then gives out to Ltinias by
contract the moulding of bricks at 12 annas per 1,000 bricks. The Lunias
dig the earth, moisten it, mould the bricks, dry them and heap them at the skirt
of the brick field. Then the briekmaker employs coolies or more generally
dhoidars to carry the bricks to the brick field. A contract for laying the bricks
in the kiln is given to a Kumhar at Es. 20 per 100,000 bricks. Eubbish and
sweepings are brought to spread in layers over the bricks at certain intervals.
The briekmaker usually procures these sweepings, etc., from a dhoidar to whom
he pays Es. 4 per 100 sacks carried by mules. The fuel used for firing the kiln
is wood and kanda. 400 maundsof fuel will burn a kiln of eight lacs. It is im-
possible to tell accurately what the profits of a briekmaker are. The outturn
of a kiln consists of bricks, khangar, nausadar and rora. Good bricks of the size
used in Government buildings are sold by the puzawewala at Es. 7 per 1,000. Con-
demned bricks, which have come out imperfectly burnt are called tharra and
sell atJRs. 4 per 1,000. Eora is of two kindspa&Aa, the well burnt fragment, and
zard, the imperfectly burnt fragment. The former sells at Es. 3 per 1,000
cubic feet and the latter at Es. 3-12. Eakh or ashes of the brick kiln sell at
Es. 4 per 100 maunds and khangar at Es. 4 per 100 sacks carried by mules.
Naushadar sells at Es. 2-8 per maund.
Qal'aigar.—Copper vessels used for drinking and cooking purposes are
always coated with tin and as they are very widely used, no Muhammadan or
Christian house being without them, there is an extensive employment given
to tinners (qal'aigars). Vessels of this kind, to be safely free from poisonous
accretions, must be tinned at least once a month. Vessels which are tinned for
the first time are boiled in phitkari (alum), zangar (verdigris), tutiya (sulphate
of copper), and naushadar (salammoniac). The'naushadar used in this case is a
very impure kind, 4 maunds the rupee, procured at brick kilns. Thereafter
and at all subsequent coatings they are merely covered with tin (qal'ai). The
old qalai is removed as far as possible by scrubbing the vessel with ground
kankar. The ground naushadar (1st quality, 11 as. the seer) is taken up on
cotton and by means of it the qalai is rubbed into the vessel. The vessel is
heated on a chareeal fire to prepare it for receiving the naushadar and qal'ai, and
the fire is blown up to a brisk heat by a khdl, as qal'aigars call it. This bellows
is the same aa the lohar's dhaunkni. The charges for tinning are 20 as. per
PUZawewala.—The brick manufacturer buys the field from which he
digs the earth required for brick making, and the price ranges from Es. 50 to
Es. 100 per bigah according to the depth of earth suitable for brick making
which it is estimated the field would give. He then gives out to Ltinias by
contract the moulding of bricks at 12 annas per 1,000 bricks. The Lunias
dig the earth, moisten it, mould the bricks, dry them and heap them at the skirt
of the brick field. Then the briekmaker employs coolies or more generally
dhoidars to carry the bricks to the brick field. A contract for laying the bricks
in the kiln is given to a Kumhar at Es. 20 per 100,000 bricks. Eubbish and
sweepings are brought to spread in layers over the bricks at certain intervals.
The briekmaker usually procures these sweepings, etc., from a dhoidar to whom
he pays Es. 4 per 100 sacks carried by mules. The fuel used for firing the kiln
is wood and kanda. 400 maundsof fuel will burn a kiln of eight lacs. It is im-
possible to tell accurately what the profits of a briekmaker are. The outturn
of a kiln consists of bricks, khangar, nausadar and rora. Good bricks of the size
used in Government buildings are sold by the puzawewala at Es. 7 per 1,000. Con-
demned bricks, which have come out imperfectly burnt are called tharra and
sell atJRs. 4 per 1,000. Eora is of two kindspa&Aa, the well burnt fragment, and
zard, the imperfectly burnt fragment. The former sells at Es. 3 per 1,000
cubic feet and the latter at Es. 3-12. Eakh or ashes of the brick kiln sell at
Es. 4 per 100 maunds and khangar at Es. 4 per 100 sacks carried by mules.
Naushadar sells at Es. 2-8 per maund.
Qal'aigar.—Copper vessels used for drinking and cooking purposes are
always coated with tin and as they are very widely used, no Muhammadan or
Christian house being without them, there is an extensive employment given
to tinners (qal'aigars). Vessels of this kind, to be safely free from poisonous
accretions, must be tinned at least once a month. Vessels which are tinned for
the first time are boiled in phitkari (alum), zangar (verdigris), tutiya (sulphate
of copper), and naushadar (salammoniac). The'naushadar used in this case is a
very impure kind, 4 maunds the rupee, procured at brick kilns. Thereafter
and at all subsequent coatings they are merely covered with tin (qal'ai). The
old qalai is removed as far as possible by scrubbing the vessel with ground
kankar. The ground naushadar (1st quality, 11 as. the seer) is taken up on
cotton and by means of it the qalai is rubbed into the vessel. The vessel is
heated on a chareeal fire to prepare it for receiving the naushadar and qal'ai, and
the fire is blown up to a brisk heat by a khdl, as qal'aigars call it. This bellows
is the same aa the lohar's dhaunkni. The charges for tinning are 20 as. per