Hogarth, David G.; Smith, Cecil Harcourt [Contr.]: Excavations at Ephesus: the archaic Artemisia: Text (London, 1908)

Earlier Researches. 13

possible to allow for that great accumulation of silt which Wood found overlying
the remains of his " church." We know that during the earlier Byzantine
period a huge structure was raised on the hill of Ayassoluk near the Artemision
site. This was the Cathedral of St. John Theologus, built at the instance of
Justinian. In this case we have the conditions required at about the requisite
date. In order to build so great a Cathedral, founded under Imperial auspices,
this stupendous quarrying of marble and even limestone foundation-blocks in
the Artemision may reasonably be supposed to have been carried out ; but
hardly for a lesser purpose. The site seems to have been stripped almost
everywhere right down to, and even below, parts of the Croesus stratum, which
doubtless at that time, as now, was under water for part of the year. The mass
of material removed amounted to many thousand cubic metres, of which great
part consisted of enormous blocks ; and this quarrying was probably all done
within a very few years. If the church of St. John is ever excavated, more
fragments of the Artemision will probably be found in its ruins than have ever
come to light on the site of the Temple itself.

B.—Information derived from Wood's Material.

Wood never rehandled the problems suggested by the archaic fragments
which he had found; but he sent to the British Museum, at one time and
another, consignments of marbles, whose broken condition rendered it necessary
to keep the majority in the workshops for a considerable period, while the
tedious task of piecing fragments together and finding their mutual relations
was being proceeded with. This task fell mainly to the late Dr. A. S. Murray,
at first as subordinate to Sir Charles Newton, later as his successor in the
Keepership of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Long and continuous efforts
were made first to fit together the fragments of early sculpture of small scale ;
but it was found that hardly any two of these could be brought into certain
connection. Sir C. Newton discussed these small scale reliefs in the Portfolio
for June, 1874, and a conjectural restoration was made indicating the general
character of the composition of which they had formed part. Thereafter atten-
tion was directed to the early sculptured fragments of larger scale, and a drum
of a column was set up, to which some of them might have belonged. Finally
two early capitals were reconstituted from numerous fragments, and set up on
models of the upper part of their shafts. Dr. Murray brought his results
before the scientific public in two papers, the first of which was contributed
to the Journal 0/ Hellenic Sltcdics in 1889,1 and dealt with the sculptures; the

1 Vol. x., p. 1, plates iii., i\.