50 The Archaic Artemisia of Ephesus.

region. Beside this roadway or quay a system of pipes, for drainage or more
probably (their small bore being considered) for water supply, was carried.
The direction of these pipes seems to argue that they were not laid to the
distant city on the south-west, but to conduct a supply to the Precinct itself.
The multiplication of pipes laid one over the other in slightly varying directions,
but of identical size and fabric, points to an elaborate system of distinct supply
to different quarters. (4) About 1 *oo below the Roman stratum there are
scanty remains of a Greek stratum, representing a period at which buildings
were few and widely spaced in the Precinct. But our trials were quite
inconclusive on this point. (5) Nothing really useful can be done in the
way of exploring the Precinct without the removal of deposit to a depth of
at least 20 feet over a considerable area. Where Wood's spoil-banks over-
lie the region, this superficial deposit is as much as 30 feet thick. If
this mass could be dumped on the exhausted Temple site itself, which is
hardly worth leaving open in its flooded condition, the work could be done with
fair ease and rapidity; but in order to expose the Roman stratum over an area,
say, 100 metres square (it would hardly be worth considering a lesser area
where remains are probably widely spaced), the excavator would have to
face a preliminary non-productive outlay of at least ,£3,000, to which would fall
to be added subsequently the expense of exploring the lower strata—a work
which could not be effectually done without the aid of powerful pumping
machinery. Nor, in my own opinion, would the ultimate return be likely to be
great. The fearfully denuded condition of the Temple-remains, and the evidence
they afford for the long and continuous labour of quarry-men and lime-burners
on the site, argue strongly against the likelihood that many remains of value
have been spared in the Precinct. The smaller marble structures would go
into the kiln before the more massive, and such a concentration of small
early objects of value, as was found in the centre of the Temple, is not to be
looked for in its environs.

(II.) Sotindiiig on the West.—In order to sound between the Austrian pit
and the western limit of the Temple we had to cut through the highest of
Wood's dumps. Laborious as this operation was, it had a utility independent of
the sounding, since without it the Austrian pits on the farther side could not
have been used as dumping grounds for the Temple rubbish. I marked out on
October 5th a cutting 20 feet wide, whose centre was bisected longitudinally
by the protracted line of the axis of the Temple, and set a gang to drive it
through from west to east on a level which would run 4*00 below the crest of
the mound. The earth down to that depth, and for half a metre lower still, was