Hooper, Robert [Editor]: The Anatomist's Vade-Mecum: Containing The Anatomy, Physiology, Morbid Appearances, &c. Of The Human Body ; The Art of making Anatomical Preparations, &c. To which are added Anatomical, Physiological, Medical, And Surgical Examinations For Students (London, 1811)

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The two first of the cervical vertebra differ from the rest:
the first is called atlas ; it has no body nor spinous processes,
but forms an arch, which anteriorly surrounds the d' ntiforra
process of the second vertebra. Instead of upperoblique pro-
cesses, there are two articular sinuses.

The second vertebra is termed dentatus epistropheus ;
and dentata. An odontoid, or dentiform process at the upper part
of the body is peculiar to it.

DORSAL VERTEBRA.

These are twelve in number. They are distinguished by a
depression at the sides of their bodies, and a superficial one in
the points of the transverse processes, for the attachment of
the great and little heads of the ribs.

The bodies of these vertebra are more flattened at their
sides, more convex before, and more concave behind, than
the other bones of the spine: their upper and lower surfaces
are horizontal. The spinous processes are long, flattened at
their sides, divided at their upper and back part into sur-
faces, by a middle ridge, which is received by a small groove
in the inner part of the spinous process, immediately above
it, and connected to it by ligament: they are terminated by
a kind of round tubercle. The transverse processes are of
considerable length and thickness, and are turned obliquely
backwards.

LUMBAR VERTEBRA.

The lumbar vertebra? are five in number ; they are much
larger than the dorsal, and the transverse processes have no
depressions.

The vertebra", at birth, consist of three parts, connected
together by cartilage ; one of these is the body, and
the other two the transverse processes. The anterior