Hooper, Robert [Editor]: The Anatomist's Vade-Mecum: Containing The Anatomy, Physiology, Morbid Appearances, &c. Of The Human Body ; The Art of making Anatomical Preparations, &c. To which are added Anatomical, Physiological, Medical, And Surgical Examinations For Students (London, 1811)

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the whole is lost: this happen-! to the sternum, carpal, tarsal
bones, and vertebrae ; whilst the long cylindrical bones, the
calvaria, ribs, Sec. mostly, when carious, exfoliat?.

Spina ventosa. Caries of the internal structure of bones,
often comes under the examination of the anatomist. A spina
ventosa, or suppuration in the medullary canal of the femur,
has given rise to a tumour the size of a human head. When
the carpal and tarsal bones are examined with this disease,
their internal structure is found carious, and crumbling away.

Fragility. When there are more earthy particles deposited
than in a healthy state, the bones are extremely brittle. This
is observed in the bones of very old people; such bones being
commonly fractured by a force which, if applied to a young
and healthy bone, would scarcety affect it.

Bone concerted into chalk. The extremities of the metatarsal
bones, and of the phalanges of some gouty people, are occa-
sionally found converted into an earthy mass, of a chalky
whiteness. This substance often fills the joint, so as to an-
chylosc it.

CARTILAGES.

Definition. White, elastic, glistening substances, growing
to the bones.

Division. Into obducent, which cover the articulatory sur-
faces of bones; inter articular, which are not accreted to the
bones, but adhere to the capsular ligament, and lie between
the articulating extremities, as in the knee-joint, &c.; and
uniting cartilages, which unite bones firmly together, as the
symphysis pubis, bodies of the vertebras, &c.

Use. To lubricate the articulation of the cartilages; to
connect some bones by an immoveable connexion ; and to
facilitate the motion of some articulations.