Hooper, Robert [Hrsg.]: The Anatomist's Vade-Mecum: Containing The Anatomy, Physiology, Morbid Appearances, &c. Of The Human Body ; The Art of making Anatomical Preparations, &c. To which are added Anatomical, Physiological, Medical, And Surgical Examinations For Students (London, 1811)

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all the circle of the spine of the ilium ; and by a thin tendon,
common with the serratus and latissimus dorsi, from the three
lower spinous processes of the loins. From the spine of the
ilium it ascends upwards in a radiated direction, aad crosses
the abdomen to the linea alba; its higher fibres reaching the
sternum, and the lower ones the pubis. Its flat tendon
is inserted into the cartilages of'all the false ribs, into the
sternum, and into the linea alba, throughout its whole length.
It acts in conjunction with the former.

Transversalis abdominis.—Lumbo-abdominalis.—This
muscle arises fleshy from the inner surface of the six lower ribs;
from the transverse processes of the fourlast lumbar vertebra?;
from the whole spine of the ilium, and from part of Pouparfs
ligament. Its fibres run directly across the abdomen, and
are inserted tendinous into the whole length of the linea alba.
This muscle also acts in conjunction with the two former in
compressing the abdomen.

Rectus abdominis.—Pubio-sternalis.—These two mus-
cles cover the fore part of the abdomen, in a line between
the sternum and pubis, one on each side the linea alba, and
are enclosed all this way by a sheath of tendon, formed by a
separation of those of the oblique, which are uppermost,
from that of the transversalis, which lies underneath. The
origin is fleshy from the outside of the sternum ; it proceeds
about four inches in breadth all down the abdomen, and is
inserted by a short flat-pointed tendon on the side of the
symphysis of the pubis. It is crossed at intervals by four
tendinous intersections. The recti muscles not only compress
the abdomen, but bring the trunk forwards towards the
pubis.

Pvramidalis.—Pubio-sub'iimbilicaUs.—A small triangular