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EARLY ITALIAN PAINTERS.

fleeted the habits and feelings of the people, and
here Gentile da Fabriano, the beloved friend of
Angelico da Fiesole, exercised a particular influ-
ence. No less than thirteen or fourteen Umbrian
painters, who flourished between the time of Gen-
tile and that of Raphael, are mentioned in Passa-
vant’s ‘ Life of Raphael.’ This mystical and
spiritual direction of art extended itself to Bologna,
and found a worthy interpreter in Francesco
Francia. We shall, however, speak .first of
Perugino.
Pietro Vannucci was born at a little town in
Umbria, called Citta della Pieve, and he was known
for the first thirty years of his life as Pietro della
Pieve; after he had settled at Perugia, and had
obtained there the rights of citizenship, he was
called Pietro di Perugia, or II Perugino, by
which name he is best known.
We know little of the early life and education
of Perugino ; his parents were respectable, but
poor. His first instructor is supposed to have been.
Nicolo Alunno. At this time (about 1470) Flo-
rence was considered as the head-quarters of art
and artists; and the young painter, at the age of
five and twenty, undertook a journey to Florence
as the most certain path to excellence and fame.
Vasari tells us that Pietro was excited to in-
dustry by being constantly told of the great rewards
and honours which the professors of painting had
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