The institutes of Vishnu (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1880)

XIV

VISHNU.

references might be explained, in the case of theVishzzu-
sutra, by the activity of those who brought it into its
present shape, and who seem to have carefully removed
all such references to other works as the original Dharma-
shtra may have contained. Whatever the precise nature of
the relations between this work and the other Sutra works
of the Warayazziya-kaz7zaka school may have been, there is
no reason for assigning to it a later date than to the
Kaz'/zaka Srauta and Grzhya-sutras, with the latter of which
it has so much in common, and it may therefore claim a
considerable antiquity, especially if it is assumed, with Dr.
Buhler, that the beginning of the Sutra period differed for
each Veda. The Veda of the Kaz'/zas, the Kaz'/zaka, is not
separated from the Sfitra literature of this school by an
intermediate Brahmazza stage ; yet its high antiquity is
testified by several of the most eminent grammarians of
India from Yaska down to Kaiyata1. Thus the Kaz'/zaka
is the only existing work of its kind, which is quoted by
the former grammarian (Nirukta X, 5; another clear
quotation from the Kaz'/zaka, XXVII, 9, though not by
name, may be found, Nirukta III, 4), and the latter places
the Kaz'/zas at the head of all Vedic schools, while Patan-
jali, the author of the Mahabhashya, assigns to the ancient
sage Kaz'/za, the reputed founder of the Kaz'/za or Kaz'/zaka
school of the Black Yajur-veda, the dignified position of
an immediate pupil of VaDampayana, the fountain-head of
all schools of the older or Black Yajur-veda, and mentions,
in accordance with a similar statement preserved in the
Ramayazza (II, 32, 18, 19 ed. Schlegel), that in his own
time the ‘ Kalapaka and the Kaz'/zaka’ were ‘proclaimed in
every village2/ The priority of the Kaz'/zas before all other
existing schools of the Yajur-veda may be deduced from
the statements of the Varazzavyuha3, which work assigns to
them one of the first places among the divers branches of
1 See Weber, Indische Studien XIII, p. 437 seq.
2 Mahabhashya, Benares edition, IV, fols. 82 b, 75 b.
3 See Weber, Ind. Stud. Ill, p. 256 seq.; Max Muller, Hist. Anc. Sansk.
Lit., p. 369. I have consulted, besides, two Munich MSS. of the A'aranavyuha
(cod. Haug 45).