113
the principles of life, the smallest effusion of it at the altar might
seem a complete sacrifice, by being a libation of the soul; the
only part of the victim which the purest believers of antiquity
supposed the Deity to require.' In other respects, the form and
nature of these rites prove them to have been expiatory; which
scarcely any of the religious ceremonies of the Greeks or Romans
were.
144. It is in the character of the destroying attribute, that Diana
]s i dUed TATPOnOAA, and BOflN EAATEIA, in allusion to her
being borne or drawn by bulls, like the Destroyer among the Hin-
doos before mentioned ; and it is probable that some such symbo-
lical composition gave rise to the fable of Jupiter and Europa ; for
it appears that in Phoenicia, Europa and Astarfe were only different
titles for the same personage, who was the deity of the Moon ;*
comprehending both the Diana and celestial Venus of the Greeks :
whence the latter was occasionally represented armed like the for-
mer ;3 and also distinguished by epithets, which can be properly
applied only to the planet, and which are certainly derived from
the primitive planetary worship.* Upon the celebrated ark or box
of Cypselus, Diana was represented winged, and holding a lion in
one hand and a leopard in the other ;s to signify the destroying at-
tribute, instead of the usual symbols of the bow and arrow ; and
in an ancient temple near the mouth of the Alpheus she was repre-
1 Strabo. lib. xv. p. 732.
5 En 8e icai aWo ipov ev i'oivmri peya, to SiSonoi e^oucri, jj.ev avroi Xeyovcn, Aaraprris
«<m* AffTapTtju 5e eyto 5o<cew 2eA?jyai7ji> CjLijUei'ar us Se juoi Tis tuv Ipeuv aTVTjyeero,
Evpanrjs eo-ri ttjs Kaifyiou a5eAd>eij?. Literal), de S}Tn Dea. s. 4.
3 AvgXQoviti 5e ey tov AicpoKopivBov, vaos €(ttiv A<ppoZiTi)s' aya\^tara 5f, aim] t€ cii7rAi-
cp.tVT], ko.1 'HAios, Kai Kpcvs *xuv to^qii. Pausan. in Corinth, c. 4. s, 7.
Also at Cythera, in the most ancient temple of Urania in all Greece, was
t,oamv witKiffniVov of the goddess. Id. in Lacon. c. 23. s. 1.
* Noctivigila, noctiluca, &c. Plaut. Cureul. act. 1. sc. iii. v. 4. Horat.
lib. iv. od. C.
5 ApTfjxis 5e, ovk ot5a op' Aoyw, Trrtpvyas exowra fffjiv tin tuv wpuwv, Kat ttj
Sefij Karfxei 7rn/)5aAiv, tij 5e irtp% -rav xeifw \tovra. Pausan. in Kliac. i. c. 19. s. 1.
H
the principles of life, the smallest effusion of it at the altar might
seem a complete sacrifice, by being a libation of the soul; the
only part of the victim which the purest believers of antiquity
supposed the Deity to require.' In other respects, the form and
nature of these rites prove them to have been expiatory; which
scarcely any of the religious ceremonies of the Greeks or Romans
were.
144. It is in the character of the destroying attribute, that Diana
]s i dUed TATPOnOAA, and BOflN EAATEIA, in allusion to her
being borne or drawn by bulls, like the Destroyer among the Hin-
doos before mentioned ; and it is probable that some such symbo-
lical composition gave rise to the fable of Jupiter and Europa ; for
it appears that in Phoenicia, Europa and Astarfe were only different
titles for the same personage, who was the deity of the Moon ;*
comprehending both the Diana and celestial Venus of the Greeks :
whence the latter was occasionally represented armed like the for-
mer ;3 and also distinguished by epithets, which can be properly
applied only to the planet, and which are certainly derived from
the primitive planetary worship.* Upon the celebrated ark or box
of Cypselus, Diana was represented winged, and holding a lion in
one hand and a leopard in the other ;s to signify the destroying at-
tribute, instead of the usual symbols of the bow and arrow ; and
in an ancient temple near the mouth of the Alpheus she was repre-
1 Strabo. lib. xv. p. 732.
5 En 8e icai aWo ipov ev i'oivmri peya, to SiSonoi e^oucri, jj.ev avroi Xeyovcn, Aaraprris
«<m* AffTapTtju 5e eyto 5o<cew 2eA?jyai7ji> CjLijUei'ar us Se juoi Tis tuv Ipeuv aTVTjyeero,
Evpanrjs eo-ri ttjs Kaifyiou a5eAd>eij?. Literal), de S}Tn Dea. s. 4.
3 AvgXQoviti 5e ey tov AicpoKopivBov, vaos €(ttiv A<ppoZiTi)s' aya\^tara 5f, aim] t€ cii7rAi-
cp.tVT], ko.1 'HAios, Kai Kpcvs *xuv to^qii. Pausan. in Corinth, c. 4. s, 7.
Also at Cythera, in the most ancient temple of Urania in all Greece, was
t,oamv witKiffniVov of the goddess. Id. in Lacon. c. 23. s. 1.
* Noctivigila, noctiluca, &c. Plaut. Cureul. act. 1. sc. iii. v. 4. Horat.
lib. iv. od. C.
5 ApTfjxis 5e, ovk ot5a op' Aoyw, Trrtpvyas exowra fffjiv tin tuv wpuwv, Kat ttj
Sefij Karfxei 7rn/)5aAiv, tij 5e irtp% -rav xeifw \tovra. Pausan. in Kliac. i. c. 19. s. 1.
H