DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.17649#0294
HCKYCCTBO B CJIY/KBH Y rOriHII
O nojiHTHHecKHX h nponaraH7iHCTCKHx cj3yHKu,hhx H3o6pa3HTejibHoro
HCKyccTBa b Cobctckoh Pocchh b 1917-1922 nr.
Pe3K)MC
TeMOH khhth 5iBJi>ieTCfl oojibLueBHCTCKaji BH3yajibHaa nponaraH^a 1917-1922 rr.
3aTpoHVTbie npo6neMbi, HecMOTpji Ha to, hto ohh othocmtch k H3o6pa3HTejibHOMy HCKyc-
CTBy, ocBemaiOTCH c tohkh 3peHii>i HCTopHKa, a He HCKyccTBOBe#a. HKOHorpac^HnecKne
hctohhukh, iIOCUy>KHBUIHe MaTepHaJIOM, paCCMaTpHBaiOTCH b nOHHTHHeCKOM KOHTeKCTe
h b acneicre hx nponaraHflHCTCKoro 3HaHeHna, xyao>KecTBeHHaH >Ke mx hchhoctb aBTopa
b npHHmine He HHTepecoBana. Abtop CTpeMHTCfl noKa3aTb MecTO h (J)yHKUHH
M3o6pa3HTejibHoro HCKyccTBa b co3^aBaBHieHCH h y>i<e cymecTBOBaBLuen b nepBbie ro/ibi
cobctckoh Bnac™ CHCTeMe nponaraH/uj. Ljejibio aBTopa He 6bui aHanH3 pyccKoro
peBonioHHOHHoro HCKyccTBa, onHcaHHe KyjibiypHon >kh3hh b Pocchh b paccMaTpHBaeMbin
nepnoA hjih pojHi aBaHrap^a. Bnorpa^imecKiie ztaHHbie xyzio>khhkob orpaHHHeHbi jio
MHHHMyMa (iiocKOjibKy cymecTByeT 6oraTaa JiiiTepaTypa, nocBJimeHHafl btoh TeMaTHKe),
a oGi^eM TeKCTa, Kacaiomei oca toto hjih hhoto łiemsnn HCKyccTBa, He nponopHHOHajieH
ero pojui b HCTopHH pyccKoro hjih MiipoBoro HCKyccTBa. KpinepneM zuih aBTopa khhth
6bui BKJiaii KOHKpeTHbix jihh b pa3BHTHe xyno>Kectbehhoh nponaraHzibi, HejibK) »ce 6bi.no
npeucTaBHTb TOHKy 3peHHH coBexcKiix nponaraHziHCTOB: hx noHHMaHHe pojiH
H3o6pa3HxejibHoro HCKyccTBa b o6mecTBe h BonnomeHue b >KH3Hb 3thx Hjjeii.
y>xe b KOHne 1917 rona, nocne óojibmeBHCTCKoro nepeBopoTa, hoboh BJiacTbK) Gbijih
npHHJiTbi Ba>KHbie nocTaHOBJieHna b o6nacTH KyubTypbi. Mmchho Toraa B03HHKJia
coBeTCKa^ „KyjibTypHa^ nojiHTHKa".
Abtop 3aKaHHHBaeT CBoe nccjie^OBaHHe 1922 ro/j,OM - poziom, Korna BnacraMH 6buiH
npeAnpHH^Tbi cepbe3Hbie mani b o6jiacTH KyubTypbi. B cjjeBpajre 1922 rojia nocne
AJiHTejibHoro nepepbiBa Obuia oiKpbira BbiCTaBKa „nepeaBH^HHKOB", hto nBimocb
HMnyjibcoM jiim ocHOBaHHfl Accounam-iH xya,o>KHHKOB pcbojihdhhohhoh Pocchh (AXPP).
3to 6buio paBH03HanHO c He3bi6jieMbiM h aBTopHTapHbiM peuieHHeM - nononoub npe/ien
CBo6oflHOMy TBopMecrBy xy/40>KHHKOB-aBaHrapaHCTOB. B HhOJie 6bm co3.naH EjiaBnuT -
yHpoKaemie, b neaTenbHOCTH KOToporo coneTaiiHCb bcc biihu HeH3ypbi. JleTOM
B. H. JleHHH yTBepzH-m cmicoK HHTejuieKTyajiHCTOB, KOTopue BCKope 6him\ H3rHaHbi H3
Cobctckoh Pocchh. B 1922 roay 3aBepuiHJicH nepHon OTHOCHTejibHoro JHi6epajiH3Ma
BJiaCTH 110 OTHOUieHHK) K CBOÓOAHOMy TBOpneCTBy. TaKHM 0Ópa30M, CHCTeMa KOHTpOJUI
KynbTypbi y»ce npHHAJia cbokd OKOHnaTejibHyło d)opMy.
lloHJiTHe „yTornifl" b Ha3BaHHH KHHrn Tpe6yeT KOMMeHTapun. 3,aecb He MMeeTcn b
BH/ry hh yTonHH b (IpniiocotlpcKOM CMbiciie 3Toro cnoBa, KaK ee nomiMan ToMac Mop, hh
xyzio>KecTBeHHaa yTomin - b CMbicjie hh,nHBH,nyajibHbix yTonHtrecKHX njien hjih npoeKTOB
OTAejibHbix xyao>KHHKOB (hjih TBopLiecKHx o6i>eflHHeHHH). PeHb H^er 06 yToniiii KaK
228
O nojiHTHHecKHX h nponaraH7iHCTCKHx cj3yHKu,hhx H3o6pa3HTejibHoro
HCKyccTBa b Cobctckoh Pocchh b 1917-1922 nr.
Pe3K)MC
TeMOH khhth 5iBJi>ieTCfl oojibLueBHCTCKaji BH3yajibHaa nponaraH^a 1917-1922 rr.
3aTpoHVTbie npo6neMbi, HecMOTpji Ha to, hto ohh othocmtch k H3o6pa3HTejibHOMy HCKyc-
CTBy, ocBemaiOTCH c tohkh 3peHii>i HCTopHKa, a He HCKyccTBOBe#a. HKOHorpac^HnecKne
hctohhukh, iIOCUy>KHBUIHe MaTepHaJIOM, paCCMaTpHBaiOTCH b nOHHTHHeCKOM KOHTeKCTe
h b acneicre hx nponaraHflHCTCKoro 3HaHeHna, xyao>KecTBeHHaH >Ke mx hchhoctb aBTopa
b npHHmine He HHTepecoBana. Abtop CTpeMHTCfl noKa3aTb MecTO h (J)yHKUHH
M3o6pa3HTejibHoro HCKyccTBa b co3^aBaBHieHCH h y>i<e cymecTBOBaBLuen b nepBbie ro/ibi
cobctckoh Bnac™ CHCTeMe nponaraH/uj. Ljejibio aBTopa He 6bui aHanH3 pyccKoro
peBonioHHOHHoro HCKyccTBa, onHcaHHe KyjibiypHon >kh3hh b Pocchh b paccMaTpHBaeMbin
nepnoA hjih pojHi aBaHrap^a. Bnorpa^imecKiie ztaHHbie xyzio>khhkob orpaHHHeHbi jio
MHHHMyMa (iiocKOjibKy cymecTByeT 6oraTaa JiiiTepaTypa, nocBJimeHHafl btoh TeMaTHKe),
a oGi^eM TeKCTa, Kacaiomei oca toto hjih hhoto łiemsnn HCKyccTBa, He nponopHHOHajieH
ero pojui b HCTopHH pyccKoro hjih MiipoBoro HCKyccTBa. KpinepneM zuih aBTopa khhth
6bui BKJiaii KOHKpeTHbix jihh b pa3BHTHe xyno>Kectbehhoh nponaraHzibi, HejibK) »ce 6bi.no
npeucTaBHTb TOHKy 3peHHH coBexcKiix nponaraHziHCTOB: hx noHHMaHHe pojiH
H3o6pa3HxejibHoro HCKyccTBa b o6mecTBe h BonnomeHue b >KH3Hb 3thx Hjjeii.
y>xe b KOHne 1917 rona, nocne óojibmeBHCTCKoro nepeBopoTa, hoboh BJiacTbK) Gbijih
npHHJiTbi Ba>KHbie nocTaHOBJieHna b o6nacTH KyubTypbi. Mmchho Toraa B03HHKJia
coBeTCKa^ „KyjibTypHa^ nojiHTHKa".
Abtop 3aKaHHHBaeT CBoe nccjie^OBaHHe 1922 ro/j,OM - poziom, Korna BnacraMH 6buiH
npeAnpHH^Tbi cepbe3Hbie mani b o6jiacTH KyubTypbi. B cjjeBpajre 1922 rojia nocne
AJiHTejibHoro nepepbiBa Obuia oiKpbira BbiCTaBKa „nepeaBH^HHKOB", hto nBimocb
HMnyjibcoM jiim ocHOBaHHfl Accounam-iH xya,o>KHHKOB pcbojihdhhohhoh Pocchh (AXPP).
3to 6buio paBH03HanHO c He3bi6jieMbiM h aBTopHTapHbiM peuieHHeM - nononoub npe/ien
CBo6oflHOMy TBopMecrBy xy/40>KHHKOB-aBaHrapaHCTOB. B HhOJie 6bm co3.naH EjiaBnuT -
yHpoKaemie, b neaTenbHOCTH KOToporo coneTaiiHCb bcc biihu HeH3ypbi. JleTOM
B. H. JleHHH yTBepzH-m cmicoK HHTejuieKTyajiHCTOB, KOTopue BCKope 6him\ H3rHaHbi H3
Cobctckoh Pocchh. B 1922 roay 3aBepuiHJicH nepHon OTHOCHTejibHoro JHi6epajiH3Ma
BJiaCTH 110 OTHOUieHHK) K CBOÓOAHOMy TBOpneCTBy. TaKHM 0Ópa30M, CHCTeMa KOHTpOJUI
KynbTypbi y»ce npHHAJia cbokd OKOHnaTejibHyło d)opMy.
lloHJiTHe „yTornifl" b Ha3BaHHH KHHrn Tpe6yeT KOMMeHTapun. 3,aecb He MMeeTcn b
BH/ry hh yTonHH b (IpniiocotlpcKOM CMbiciie 3Toro cnoBa, KaK ee nomiMan ToMac Mop, hh
xyzio>KecTBeHHaa yTomin - b CMbicjie hh,nHBH,nyajibHbix yTonHtrecKHX njien hjih npoeKTOB
OTAejibHbix xyao>KHHKOB (hjih TBopLiecKHx o6i>eflHHeHHH). PeHb H^er 06 yToniiii KaK
228