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HISTOEIGAL APPEIDIX.

I have endeavoured to collect all I could find written by others regarding the Modern
History of Dardistan in the following Appendix. The information is, necessarily, scanty, in-
accurate and contradictory, but in our present state of incomplete knowledge of Dardistan,
every " scrap" is of value. Besides, information from all sources should be combined and I
believe that had Mr. Hay ward been furnished with my publications on Dardistan and thus
been enabled to acquire something of the languages and History of that country before
starting on his expedition, he would not have made certain mistakes, and, perhaps, would not
have lost his life.

1.—NOTE ON KYLAS AND ITS INHABITANTS.

er

This interesting but rambling account, which is re-published from tbe Lahore CMronicle, (Septemb
1866) appears to have been largely compiled from Kashmir sources. The name " Kylas" is a deliberate
mistake for " Chilas."

'.' About 1838 or 1834, when Shahzada Sher Singh, reputed son of Runjeet Singh, was Governor of
Cashmeer, he sent a large body of troops and subjected Gfilgit with all its dependencies to the Sikh rule.*
No fixed revenue was demanded, but from that time, a yearly nuzzur or present of gold-dust, a few falcon3
and some goats, were brought down by the Gilgittee Chiefs and presented to the Governor and the Sikh
Court at Cashmeer. A few of the sons of those Chiefs were retained as hostages and security for the fulfilment
of their agreement. In the time of Sheik Goolam Miaood Deen, father of Goolara Mamood Deen, both after-
wards Governors of Cashmeer, on the part of the Lahore Government, the Gilgittees disavowed submission
and demurred' to paying the usual yearly nuzzur at Cashmeer. Thereupon a considerable Sikh Force was sent,
which finally coerced and subjected the Gilgitees, bringing t-hem under somewhat stricter rule than before-
When Cashmeer with all its dependencies was by treaty ceded by 'the British Government to the late Maha-
rajah Goolab Singh of Jummoo, Gilgir,. with Iskurdhoo, Lehdnk, MuzzrufFrabad, Kurnah, Ashoorah or
Astor &c, &c, were incorporated with Cashmeer as its then component parts, &c.f The yearly nuzzur or pre-
sents- have ever since been punctually and willingly remitted to- Cashmeer or Jummoo; while a change of
hostages (which was not formerly the case) is now freely allowed, either yearly or at the will and pleasure of
the Gilgittee Chiefs themselves. But it must be here- understood that when the Sikhs originally occupied
the country, the then ruler of Gilgit, by name Gourehmtn, with all his adherents and family neither then
or even up-to the present time have submitted to the foreign Ways and power imposed1 on their country.^
He with all his followers-having retreated and held their court, curtailed as it may have been, but still under
the banner of independence at th? Fort of Yaseen, and sometimes at Mooz.'ooge$ (the latter sometimes called
Upper Chitraal or Bala Bolunab or Upper Chitraal), a few years since the former Fort of Yaseen was taken
from Gourrehman's family or successors, (lie himself being deceased) who were obliged to retreat further west-
ward to Moozthooge about 25 coss distant, near the head waters of the Chitraal Eiver or Upper Chitraal,
nd Moozthooge Vallies of Derbund and the Birooghil Pass and divided from the Yaseen Valley by a low range

* This is a mistake.

t Incorrect as far as Gilgit is concerned.

+ The Sikhs were called in by the Gilgit ruler against G-aulinr Aman of Yasin in I84L

§ Mistuch.