Mitchell, Lucy M.: A history of ancient sculpture (New York, 1883)

466 THE AGE OF SCOPAS, PRAXITELES, AND LYSIPPOS.

metal, which led them to suppose that the pirates who hovered along the
coast, having some inkling of what had been discovered, had visited the place
during the night, and removed the lid of the sepulchre."

In 1656 a Frenchman visiting Budrun noticed the reliefs in the castle, and
in the past century hasty sketches of them were made by Dalton and Mayer.
In 1846 the English ambassador to the Porte sent some of these slabs of
relief to the British Museum ; but it was left for Professor C. T. Newton, in
1857, to make excavations, and secure the wealth of marbles which now
adorns the New Mausoleum room of the British Museum. These fragments,
even without the remains, still walled into the castle at Budrun, or buried in
the museum at Constantinople, show clearly the riches of the sculptural deco-
ration of Mausolos' tomb. They comprise no less than twenty-six colossal and
life-size statues; one magnificent equestrian group; two colossal chariot-horses ;
twenty lions; one colossal standing ram, to which some object had been
attached ; the foot and head of a boar, as well as of a hound corresponding in
scale to the boar; besides a large cloven hoof, probably of an ox; reliefs
in isolated panels as well as in three long, running friezes.

This wealth of sculpture and of architectural fragments has incited many,
aided by the indications on the site, and the accounts of ancient writers, to
attempt a reconstruction of this regal tomb. But the difficulties in the way
are great, owing to the scattered condition of the fragments, and the fact that
the knights had thoroughly rummaged the ancient building, and removed its
treasures from their original position. Moreover, much about the enclosure
{pcribolos) has been from necessity left unexcavated. Pullan, Fergusson, and
others have, however, attempted the reconstruction of the tomb, and agree
in the main outline but vary greatly in the details.933 A broad platform, meas-
uring about 427 meters (fourteen hundred feet) in circumference, walled in
securely, and probably approached on one side by spacious steps, formed the
precincts within which the stately structure of the tomb itself rose. How
grand this pcribolos might be we see from the great tomb-walls of the Heroon
at Gjolbaschi in Lykia (p. 415). The enclosing wall at Halicarnassos, once
faced with splendid marble blocks beautifully fitted together, was found by
Professor Newton on the north side, for a length of 18.30 meters (sixty feet),
and reaching a height of 2.44 meters (eight feet): on the east it was also
traceable, but the western and southern sides still await excavation.934 The
entrance to this enclosure, as at Gjolbaschi, and the corners and top of the
marble wall, must have had suitable sculptural decoration.

Many of the lions now facing each other in solemn couples in the British
Museum may, perhaps, have surmounted this wall as vigilant guardians of the
grave ; one of them having been discovered close by the east wall, evidently
where it had fallen. The fondness of the Greeks and of the people of Asia
Minor for placing lions over the graves of their heroes is well known. Such