DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.50021#0084
66
VII. Cemetery N. 3000.
later limit than 1500. Thus N. 3000 may be ascribed with considerable certainly to the second
dynasty. Those tombs which are contemporaneous with tombs of 1500, would belong to a less
wealthy family or set of families than those of 1500.
chrono- Taking into consideration the positions of the tombs and their types, N. 301b is perhaps
otder^of t^ie earliest tomb in the cemetery while 3062 is also earlier at any rate than 3031. The main
the^tombs corbe[s ^017, and 303!, with wood-roofed doorways, seem to be nearly contemporaneous
while 3022 and 3014, with corbel-roofed doorways, seem to be slightly later. But the pottery
and stone vessels found .all belong to one period — that of the corbel vaults of cem. 1500—
and differ characteristically from the pottery and stone vessels found in the later stone-roofed
tombs of cem. 3500 and cem. 500. Therefore the chronological order of the different tombs
appears to be a matter of indifference; but nevertheless the following list which gives the
opinion formed an the spot, may not be entirely without value:
(i) 3oid ™ 3017, 3013, 3015, 3063, 3031, 3071 (3) 3OI2? 3022, 3014, 3053
3062 3021, 3001
The tombs on the southern slope are not contemporaneous with each other but distri-
buted over the whole period of the cemetery.
Plundering Of these tombs, the substructures of 3012, 3014, and 3022 were found intact. The burials
in 3015, 3023, 3016, 3017, 3061, 3002, 3091, 3092 were nearly undisturbed. The interiors of 3053,
3013, 3017, 3011, 3031, 3001 had certainly been entered anciently by plunderers hunting treasure.
One of the traces left by them was the deposit of stone vessels, N. 3150. The contents of
3003, 3051, 3052, 3054, 3055 were crushed by the weight of debris. And 3021, 3024, 3062, 3072,
3093 had been cleared out in the style of modern plunderers.
Denudation The edge of the land-tip on the south and west had also suffered apparently from denu-
dation by the river. The surface about the entrance to 3062, and about the tombs between
3072 and 3001 was worn away almost to the substructures, previous to the building of the
kilns (cf. cem. 1500, p. 3).
Fourth In the fourth dynasty, three shaft tombs, whose superstructures have been destroyed,
Shafts were made on the northern edge of the mound. These are square shafts with chambers on
the south or west like the tombs on land-tip 2 immediately to the south (also cem. 700, Gizeh
Wady etc.). They had all been completely plundered, and nothing but fragments of mud
pots, see type xxix, 3—5-were found.
oid In the northern corner, partly cut away by modern quarries was a rectangular shaft with
KtGravel rectangular side-corner chamber (see Mace, Early Dynastic Cemeteries II) such as occur in
the 5th and dth dynasties. This was completely plundered.
Middle Running down from the valley side between the 4th dynasty shafts (see Map in) was a long
KGrave narrow sloping passage. This led after a turn to the south and again to the west to a chamber
in the floor of which was a shallow burial pit (filled with water). In this burial pit was
found an uninscribed carnelian scarab and a few beads such as are usually ascribed to the
twelfth dynasty. About the entrance to the corridor, a number of red baked clay cones (not
inscribed) were found in the surface debris.
VII. Cemetery N. 3000.
later limit than 1500. Thus N. 3000 may be ascribed with considerable certainly to the second
dynasty. Those tombs which are contemporaneous with tombs of 1500, would belong to a less
wealthy family or set of families than those of 1500.
chrono- Taking into consideration the positions of the tombs and their types, N. 301b is perhaps
otder^of t^ie earliest tomb in the cemetery while 3062 is also earlier at any rate than 3031. The main
the^tombs corbe[s ^017, and 303!, with wood-roofed doorways, seem to be nearly contemporaneous
while 3022 and 3014, with corbel-roofed doorways, seem to be slightly later. But the pottery
and stone vessels found .all belong to one period — that of the corbel vaults of cem. 1500—
and differ characteristically from the pottery and stone vessels found in the later stone-roofed
tombs of cem. 3500 and cem. 500. Therefore the chronological order of the different tombs
appears to be a matter of indifference; but nevertheless the following list which gives the
opinion formed an the spot, may not be entirely without value:
(i) 3oid ™ 3017, 3013, 3015, 3063, 3031, 3071 (3) 3OI2? 3022, 3014, 3053
3062 3021, 3001
The tombs on the southern slope are not contemporaneous with each other but distri-
buted over the whole period of the cemetery.
Plundering Of these tombs, the substructures of 3012, 3014, and 3022 were found intact. The burials
in 3015, 3023, 3016, 3017, 3061, 3002, 3091, 3092 were nearly undisturbed. The interiors of 3053,
3013, 3017, 3011, 3031, 3001 had certainly been entered anciently by plunderers hunting treasure.
One of the traces left by them was the deposit of stone vessels, N. 3150. The contents of
3003, 3051, 3052, 3054, 3055 were crushed by the weight of debris. And 3021, 3024, 3062, 3072,
3093 had been cleared out in the style of modern plunderers.
Denudation The edge of the land-tip on the south and west had also suffered apparently from denu-
dation by the river. The surface about the entrance to 3062, and about the tombs between
3072 and 3001 was worn away almost to the substructures, previous to the building of the
kilns (cf. cem. 1500, p. 3).
Fourth In the fourth dynasty, three shaft tombs, whose superstructures have been destroyed,
Shafts were made on the northern edge of the mound. These are square shafts with chambers on
the south or west like the tombs on land-tip 2 immediately to the south (also cem. 700, Gizeh
Wady etc.). They had all been completely plundered, and nothing but fragments of mud
pots, see type xxix, 3—5-were found.
oid In the northern corner, partly cut away by modern quarries was a rectangular shaft with
KtGravel rectangular side-corner chamber (see Mace, Early Dynastic Cemeteries II) such as occur in
the 5th and dth dynasties. This was completely plundered.
Middle Running down from the valley side between the 4th dynasty shafts (see Map in) was a long
KGrave narrow sloping passage. This led after a turn to the south and again to the west to a chamber
in the floor of which was a shallow burial pit (filled with water). In this burial pit was
found an uninscribed carnelian scarab and a few beads such as are usually ascribed to the
twelfth dynasty. About the entrance to the corridor, a number of red baked clay cones (not
inscribed) were found in the surface debris.