nations. A separate problem is posed by the appearance of rather fre-
quent countermarks. The generał political and economic background
associated with the appearance of these coins also remains unclear.
Cossyrian coins can be divided into three basie types:
1. Averse: head of the goddess Isis,
Reverse:
turned to the right; behind her,
In an olive wreath,
a smali figurę of Nike standing
to the right with a laurel crown.
(SNG Cop. 447)
la. Averse: as above, but Isis's
Reverse: as above
head is turned to the left; in front
(SNG Cop. 449)
of her, a smali figurę of Nike
standing to the right with a laurel
wreath.
Ib. Averse: head of goddess Isis
Reverse: as above
(Mayr 15)
turned to the right.
2. Averse: head of the goddess
Reverse: Tanit sign;
Countermarks:
Isis, turned to the right; behind
later COSSVRA; all within
REG; eagle
her, a smali figurę of Nike standing
a laurel wreath.
with wings
to the right with a laurel crown.
spread to the
right; capricorn
to the right.
(SNG Cop. 451)
3. Averse: head of the goddess Isis,
Reverse: COSSVRA within
Countermark:
turned to the left; in front of her,
a laurel wreath
DD with branch
a smali figurę of Nike standing
between
to the right with a laurel wreath.
(SWG Cop. 452)
The identification of the goddess Isis, thanks to the modius, neck-
lace, and wig worn on the head, is relatively certain and rather generally
accepted. Only a few scholars maintain a certain reserve, placing a ques-
tion mark before this identification, while those hypercritical scholars
who see simply a woman's head here are exceptions.16
16 See H. Clay Lindgren, Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints from the Lindgren
Collection, Berkeley 1989, no. 655.
132
quent countermarks. The generał political and economic background
associated with the appearance of these coins also remains unclear.
Cossyrian coins can be divided into three basie types:
1. Averse: head of the goddess Isis,
Reverse:
turned to the right; behind her,
In an olive wreath,
a smali figurę of Nike standing
to the right with a laurel crown.
(SNG Cop. 447)
la. Averse: as above, but Isis's
Reverse: as above
head is turned to the left; in front
(SNG Cop. 449)
of her, a smali figurę of Nike
standing to the right with a laurel
wreath.
Ib. Averse: head of goddess Isis
Reverse: as above
(Mayr 15)
turned to the right.
2. Averse: head of the goddess
Reverse: Tanit sign;
Countermarks:
Isis, turned to the right; behind
later COSSVRA; all within
REG; eagle
her, a smali figurę of Nike standing
a laurel wreath.
with wings
to the right with a laurel crown.
spread to the
right; capricorn
to the right.
(SNG Cop. 451)
3. Averse: head of the goddess Isis,
Reverse: COSSVRA within
Countermark:
turned to the left; in front of her,
a laurel wreath
DD with branch
a smali figurę of Nike standing
between
to the right with a laurel wreath.
(SWG Cop. 452)
The identification of the goddess Isis, thanks to the modius, neck-
lace, and wig worn on the head, is relatively certain and rather generally
accepted. Only a few scholars maintain a certain reserve, placing a ques-
tion mark before this identification, while those hypercritical scholars
who see simply a woman's head here are exceptions.16
16 See H. Clay Lindgren, Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints from the Lindgren
Collection, Berkeley 1989, no. 655.
132