DOI Artikel:
Dymowski, Arkadiusz: The use of Celtic and Roman coins in the territory of Poland at the turn of the era - in tandem or separately?: new finds, new evidence
DOI Seite / Zitierlink:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.31074#0089
THE USE OF CELTIC AND ROMAN COINS...
Recent years have brought quite a few reports about new discoveries madę in
Poland of late Celtic coins and Roman Republican coins. The bulk of these hnds
come from metal detecting, from a modest number of projects carried out during
regular archaeological excavation, and the rest were discovered by amateur metal
detectorists. To the materials published earlier* we can now add 2 Celtic coins,
7 Roman Republican denarii and some Roman Imperial coins found with them;
they are listed in the catalogue of hnds included at the end of this article. The
Celtic coins referred to here as "late" are issues dating to the period E (ca. 41^40
BC up to the hrst decades AD) recently separated by Marcin Rudnicki in the rela-
tive chronology of the Boii coinageć These coins are a gold (morę precisely, gold
alloy) currency minted in western Lesser Poland (e.g., the youngest stater issues of
the Cracovian type)/ in south-eastem Greater Poland in the region of Kalisz (e.g.,
1/8 AV staters of the Janków type - one of them, from the village of Księże Młyny,
is listed in the catalogue of frnds)/ presumably, in the historical region of Kuyavia
in central Poland (e.g., 1/8 AV staters of the Iwno style, see the coin discovered
near Kruszwica described in the catalogue of hnds),^ and possibly also in other
centres in the region lying to the north of the Carpathians and the Sudetesć Period
E of Celtic coinage largely overlaps with the time of the influx to our territory
of a signihcant quantity of silver coins of the Roman Republic, supplemented
by a smali number of the first emperors' issues (Augustus-Caligula). Arkadiusz
Dymowski dates the onset of this influx not earlier than to the 70s BC,^ its decline
to the reign of Caligula (37^11)7 The question to ponder therefore is whether we
can jointly examine, and if so to what extent, the use of Celtic coinage and Roman
silver coinage in the territory of present day Poland during the last years of the M
century BC and the early years of the M century AD.
If we take the recent finds into account it becomes elear that the quantity of late
Celtic coins and Roman Republican denarii in the territory of present day Poland
is quite impressive. Starting from this now unavoidable conclusion, we propose to
2 See e.g. BODZEK2009: 259-262; RUDNICKI and ZIĄBKA 2010: 13-22; DYMOWSKI 2011: 44-158;
RUDNICKI 2011: 99-118; ANDRAŁOJĆ and ANDRAŁOJĆ 2012: 84-86; BODZEK and SZTYBER 2012:
187-195; DYMOWSKI and RUDNICKI 2012: 242-245; RUDNICKI, 2012a: 181-184; IDEM 2012b: 470;
DYMOWSKI 2013a: 244-246; RUDNICKI and DYMOWSKI (fortheoming). The estimated number of Celtic
coins registered in Polish hnds (early and late emissions; in hoards and from stray hnds) is over 400 pieces. The
corresponding value for Roman Republican silver coins is at least ca. 750 pieces.
^ RUDNICKI 2012c: 58-59; IDEM 2012d: 39.
** 41-49.
^ RUDNICKI and ZIĄBKA 2010: 19-20.
" Cf. RUDNICKI 2011: 117; ANDRAŁOJĆ and ANDRAŁOJĆ 2012: 3^U35; RUDNICKI 2012a: 182-184
(the coins attributed to the coinage centre in Kuyavia are dated explicitly to Period E in nonę of these publications).
' Cf. IDEM 2012c: 66; IDEM 2012a: 181.
s DYMOWSKI 2014a: 29.
^ IDEM 2015 (fortheoming).
Recent years have brought quite a few reports about new discoveries madę in
Poland of late Celtic coins and Roman Republican coins. The bulk of these hnds
come from metal detecting, from a modest number of projects carried out during
regular archaeological excavation, and the rest were discovered by amateur metal
detectorists. To the materials published earlier* we can now add 2 Celtic coins,
7 Roman Republican denarii and some Roman Imperial coins found with them;
they are listed in the catalogue of hnds included at the end of this article. The
Celtic coins referred to here as "late" are issues dating to the period E (ca. 41^40
BC up to the hrst decades AD) recently separated by Marcin Rudnicki in the rela-
tive chronology of the Boii coinageć These coins are a gold (morę precisely, gold
alloy) currency minted in western Lesser Poland (e.g., the youngest stater issues of
the Cracovian type)/ in south-eastem Greater Poland in the region of Kalisz (e.g.,
1/8 AV staters of the Janków type - one of them, from the village of Księże Młyny,
is listed in the catalogue of frnds)/ presumably, in the historical region of Kuyavia
in central Poland (e.g., 1/8 AV staters of the Iwno style, see the coin discovered
near Kruszwica described in the catalogue of hnds),^ and possibly also in other
centres in the region lying to the north of the Carpathians and the Sudetesć Period
E of Celtic coinage largely overlaps with the time of the influx to our territory
of a signihcant quantity of silver coins of the Roman Republic, supplemented
by a smali number of the first emperors' issues (Augustus-Caligula). Arkadiusz
Dymowski dates the onset of this influx not earlier than to the 70s BC,^ its decline
to the reign of Caligula (37^11)7 The question to ponder therefore is whether we
can jointly examine, and if so to what extent, the use of Celtic coinage and Roman
silver coinage in the territory of present day Poland during the last years of the M
century BC and the early years of the M century AD.
If we take the recent finds into account it becomes elear that the quantity of late
Celtic coins and Roman Republican denarii in the territory of present day Poland
is quite impressive. Starting from this now unavoidable conclusion, we propose to
2 See e.g. BODZEK2009: 259-262; RUDNICKI and ZIĄBKA 2010: 13-22; DYMOWSKI 2011: 44-158;
RUDNICKI 2011: 99-118; ANDRAŁOJĆ and ANDRAŁOJĆ 2012: 84-86; BODZEK and SZTYBER 2012:
187-195; DYMOWSKI and RUDNICKI 2012: 242-245; RUDNICKI, 2012a: 181-184; IDEM 2012b: 470;
DYMOWSKI 2013a: 244-246; RUDNICKI and DYMOWSKI (fortheoming). The estimated number of Celtic
coins registered in Polish hnds (early and late emissions; in hoards and from stray hnds) is over 400 pieces. The
corresponding value for Roman Republican silver coins is at least ca. 750 pieces.
^ RUDNICKI 2012c: 58-59; IDEM 2012d: 39.
** 41-49.
^ RUDNICKI and ZIĄBKA 2010: 19-20.
" Cf. RUDNICKI 2011: 117; ANDRAŁOJĆ and ANDRAŁOJĆ 2012: 3^U35; RUDNICKI 2012a: 182-184
(the coins attributed to the coinage centre in Kuyavia are dated explicitly to Period E in nonę of these publications).
' Cf. IDEM 2012c: 66; IDEM 2012a: 181.
s DYMOWSKI 2014a: 29.
^ IDEM 2015 (fortheoming).