Parker, John Henry: The archaeology of Rome (1,2): Illustrations to I. The primitive fortifications. II. The walls and gates of Rome. III. The historical constructions of walls (Oxford [u.a.], 1874)

Primitive Fortifications—Plans and Diagrams.

Plate IV.
Sections, Longitudinal and Transverse, of the Capitoline
Hill, or Hill of Saturn, A and B. This is intended only to
give a general idea of the form of the Capitoline Hill, or Rock, with
the zigzag road up to the summit on the northern side, which was
restored in 1872, and in doing so part of the scarped cliff of the
original fortress was brought to light.
Section C, of the Velia, with portions of the Palatine and Esqui-
line, shewing that the Velia was originally a promontory from the
Esquiline Hill, cut off by a great foss at some very early period.
This great foss is seen to the right in the section, it is now the Via
del Colosseo. Persons standing on the steps of a small church near
the north end of this great foss, and looking south towards the
Colosseum, can see the trees growing on the level of the ground
twenty feet above the present level of the road, made in the foss :
the earth is supported by a wall against the cliff on each side. The
other foss seen towards the left of the section is the clivus, or in-
clined road from the Colosseum to the Arch of Titus, which stands
upon the Summa Via Sacra. The red vertical lines indicate the site
of Walls of the Kings, or of scarped cliffs, with or without a wall to
support them. The buildings indicated on this section are the Arch
of Titus, and the church of S. Francesca Romana; the Lavacrum of
Heliogabalus, excavated in 1872, is also indicated under the cliff
of the Palatine, near the Arch of Titus.