DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.3559#0025
22
CAMPBELL'S TOMB,
The sarcophagus is of black basalt. The hieroglyphics on the lid are given at Fig. 7. At the corners of the apartment
were holes, c c c c, Fig. 3, intended, probably, to contain small vases. The recesses, dd, on the northern and southern sides
were filled with small green idols, swathed with fine tape, which became decomposed on exposure to the air. The entrance
of the apartment was by the pit K, Fig. 5, and near the opening of it, at m, was a row of hieroglyphics. The roof of the
apartment was flat down the middle, and sloped off on each side. It was formed with four stones; the two outer were set
edgeways, and were rather inclined inwards, and the two in the middle were placed upon them; Immediately above these blocks
an arch commenced, which covered in the upper chamber. The intrados of this arch formed the segment of a circle, which had
a radius of 6 feet £ inches; the segment had a span of 11 feet, was 3 feet 10 inches thick, and was composed of four separate
courses, overlapping each other, so as to maintain a good breakpoint, as is shewn in Figs. 4 and 5. It had not been built upon
a centering. The stones were 4 feet long, and 15 inches broad, and those of the inner course had been cut to fit the joints,
which radiated from the centre. With this course great care had been taken, but less with the other three, in which many
of the stones were rectangular, and had been packed at the back with chips. Each course, however, was separately grouted
with fluid mortar. A tube of earthenware in the stone stopper, h, had formed an opening between the two apartments; and
immediately above it, at the top of the arch, was another opening with a similar stopper, probably intended for ventilation. At
jj, Fig. 4, were rows of amphorae. The masonry was very beautifully worked, and, where the walls, particularly in the interior,
had been trimmed off, the joints were scarcely perceptible. The under sides of the stones of the inner course had had the
aris taken off, and were tooled round, so as to resemble rusticated work.*
A row of hieroglyphics was inserted in a shallow groove lined with plaster, which ran round the sides of the central excavation,
at gg, Fig. 4. The characters are given in Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12.
By a stone built in at the north-western corner of the upper surface, the central excavation seemed to have been covered
with an arch, and the trench exhibited the same appearance. The whole was probably covered by a Pyramid.
Central Excavation, East and West
North and South
Depth, about .
Tomb, Length ....
Feet.
Inches
SO
6
26
3
53
6
14
9
TABLE OF DIMENSIONS.
Tomb, Breadth ........
Height to Springing of Arch .....
from Springing to Top of Arch ....
Span of Arch .........
Feet. Inches.
10 • 5
19 4
7 8
11 0
Stratum of Sand beneath the Building, from 2 to 3 feet.
Mean Width of Exterior Excavation ....
Square of Inner Side of Exterior Excavation
Depth of Exterior Excavation, about .
Feet.
Inches
5
4
57
3
13
0
NOTES BY MR. BIRCH.
The inscription on the sides of the central excavation (see Plate XIX. Figs. 9, 10, 11, 1£) relates to the person, for whom the
Tomb was made. He appears to have been attached to the scribes of the southern quarter, which was probably one of the great
divisions of Memphis. He was named " Phaikop," or " Phaishop," and is called, in the inscription on the southern side (probably
for the sake of phonetic emphasis), " Phaishop-enrat." The inscription begins with a reference to the goddess Isis: —" May Isis,
thy sister, come to thee, rejoicing in loving thee" &c.; and it ends with the titles of the deceased: —" Great...... in the
south and north, chief scribe of the south, ra-haahethemoubsh." The intermediate parts are not distinct, and many of the
titles have not yet been deciphered. The name " Ra-haahethemoubsh" is compounded of that of the monarch, and of an
adjunct, implying " in his glory ;" so that the time when the monument was executed appears to be determined. This appellation
seems to have been a surname of " Phaishop," from the inscription upon the sarcophagus, which also contains it, as well as his
"good name Nofrethmouemshnin" \ The prenomen, which occurs in the composition of the name of the individual, may belong
either to Psammetichus II. or to Apries. In Rosellini, Tom. II. Tav. IX. X. a slight difference exists in the central symbol,
which has been conjectured to have the phonetic value of & (see Salvolini, "Analyse Grammaticale," PI. VI. p. 205; and Rosellini,
"Mon. Stor." Tom. II. Tav. IX. 144; X. 145, 6); but the name occurs, without any such distinction, on a monument in the
Egyptian Saloon at the British Museum. At all events, if it be the prenomen of Psammetichus II., —which it most probably is,
because, in almost all private appellatives, composed of royal names, prenomens seem to have been used, — the tomb must have
been constructed anterior to b.c. 604, and probably belonged to an individual born during the reign of Psammetichus II. If
the title be taken from Apries, it must be posterior to b.c. 570.
The other inscriptions in Plate XIX. refer to the same functionary, and consist of prayers, and of formulas, which have not
been distinctly made out. The characters on the northern side, Fig. 10, contain an invocation to netpe. " Osirian, attached
to the scribes of the south; Ra-haahethemoubsh, extend thy mother, Netpe, over thee (in her name of Extender of the Heaven); J
may she attend to thy abode of rest in heaven, causing thee to appear to the gods in the.....with thy name of a God; may
she provide (or direct) thee with all other things, in her name of the Great Directress...... Netpe, the daughter of the sun,
protecting the attached to the scribes of the south, Phaishop" &c. Unusual formulae, particularly in those upon sarcophagi, which
belong to the time of the Psammetichi, are, indeed, often very obscure. §
The other parts of the inscription, Figs. 9, 11, 12, contain addresses and prayers from the priests, or the deceased, to various
deities, but they have not yet been deciphered.
The lid of the sarcophagus, Fig. 7, exhibits the usual mummied form, and also the face of the deceased in the klaft, and in the
oskh, or collar; together with a short inscription, containing also an invocation to the deceased, in which may be read-—" Attached
to the royal scribe of the viands, Phaishop, surnamed Ra-haaheth (Hophra) emoubsh" &c. The Tomb was, in fact, excavated for
this person; but other officers of the same class, although probably not his relations, were buried in the adjacent grottoes.
The characters on the stone over the sarcophagus, Fig. 6, contain a short religious sentence, and have a similar import to those
in the pit at the end of the sarcophagus, Fig. 8, which are to be read from right to left. It is evident from the inscriptions,
that the Tomb was constructed under the Saite dynasty; and the inscriptions upon this, and upon the chief sarcophagus, receive
considerable illustration from two cotemporaneous monuments, viz. the sarcophagus of Hapimen,[| No. 23, and the fragment^ No. 66,
in the Egyptian Saloon at the British Museum, another part of which is preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford.
The sarcophagus from grotto y is of the usual shape, see Plate XXI.; the lid is coved, and upon it is represented the
* The building is said to have been lately destroyed for the sake of the materials.
f " Nofrethmou in the lily" according to the chapter in the ritual. See " Rit. Desc. d'Egypte," where the head of that deity appears placed on a lily; and it may be observed that he usually wears a lily above his head, as a distinctive emblem.
% The coffin of the king called Skhai (as described in a drawing in the possession of the Royal Asiatic Society) reads — "(extend thy mother, Netpe, over thee) in her name of Extender of the Heavens." The reader can compare this with "may she attend" &c. and choose
between them.
§ The inscriptions upon the sides of the Tomb, therefore, do not refer to the person who was deposited in the sarcophagus taken from the grotto y, nor to the individual, to whom the basalt sarcophagus belonged, the fragments of which are also in the British Museum. Both
these sarcophagi seem to have been deposited at a later period.
|| This sarcophagus was called by the Turks, "The Lover's Fountain/' and was removed by the French from Cairo. It was presented by the Ottoman Porte to the British Government, on the evacuation of Egypt by the French, in 1801. It is composed of dark-coloured granite,
and may be referred to the time of the Psammetichi. On the exterior, Isis and Nephthys kneel upon the symbols of resplendence, placed above discs; the four genii of the Amenti, the two Anubides or Anubis, and Hop Hioue (Champ.), the two symbolic eyes, are also represented,
&c. The invocations are very similar to those on the sarcophagus brought from the grotto y, in Campbell's Tomb. Around the interior are the various deities, to whom the different parts of the body are dedicated, with inscriptions before them to that effect; and on the bottom
is a full-length figure of the goddess Netpe.
% This fragment belonged to Pipheirgot, "attached to the scribes, a prefect of the royal guard, a pastophorous priest, a resident in the palace, son of Nashtharthbai and of Herineith" The characters upon it serve to explain the obscure figures upon the head of the sarcophagus
brought from the grotto y, in Campbell's Tomb, and evidently allude to the procession of the sun through the firmament, accompanied by the hours, and by the deities termed the " Totonen" or " Tot-Gods, the established divinities." The "sun" is stated to "proceed" to "guard the
hours, and to penetrate darkness."
CAMPBELL'S TOMB,
The sarcophagus is of black basalt. The hieroglyphics on the lid are given at Fig. 7. At the corners of the apartment
were holes, c c c c, Fig. 3, intended, probably, to contain small vases. The recesses, dd, on the northern and southern sides
were filled with small green idols, swathed with fine tape, which became decomposed on exposure to the air. The entrance
of the apartment was by the pit K, Fig. 5, and near the opening of it, at m, was a row of hieroglyphics. The roof of the
apartment was flat down the middle, and sloped off on each side. It was formed with four stones; the two outer were set
edgeways, and were rather inclined inwards, and the two in the middle were placed upon them; Immediately above these blocks
an arch commenced, which covered in the upper chamber. The intrados of this arch formed the segment of a circle, which had
a radius of 6 feet £ inches; the segment had a span of 11 feet, was 3 feet 10 inches thick, and was composed of four separate
courses, overlapping each other, so as to maintain a good breakpoint, as is shewn in Figs. 4 and 5. It had not been built upon
a centering. The stones were 4 feet long, and 15 inches broad, and those of the inner course had been cut to fit the joints,
which radiated from the centre. With this course great care had been taken, but less with the other three, in which many
of the stones were rectangular, and had been packed at the back with chips. Each course, however, was separately grouted
with fluid mortar. A tube of earthenware in the stone stopper, h, had formed an opening between the two apartments; and
immediately above it, at the top of the arch, was another opening with a similar stopper, probably intended for ventilation. At
jj, Fig. 4, were rows of amphorae. The masonry was very beautifully worked, and, where the walls, particularly in the interior,
had been trimmed off, the joints were scarcely perceptible. The under sides of the stones of the inner course had had the
aris taken off, and were tooled round, so as to resemble rusticated work.*
A row of hieroglyphics was inserted in a shallow groove lined with plaster, which ran round the sides of the central excavation,
at gg, Fig. 4. The characters are given in Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12.
By a stone built in at the north-western corner of the upper surface, the central excavation seemed to have been covered
with an arch, and the trench exhibited the same appearance. The whole was probably covered by a Pyramid.
Central Excavation, East and West
North and South
Depth, about .
Tomb, Length ....
Feet.
Inches
SO
6
26
3
53
6
14
9
TABLE OF DIMENSIONS.
Tomb, Breadth ........
Height to Springing of Arch .....
from Springing to Top of Arch ....
Span of Arch .........
Feet. Inches.
10 • 5
19 4
7 8
11 0
Stratum of Sand beneath the Building, from 2 to 3 feet.
Mean Width of Exterior Excavation ....
Square of Inner Side of Exterior Excavation
Depth of Exterior Excavation, about .
Feet.
Inches
5
4
57
3
13
0
NOTES BY MR. BIRCH.
The inscription on the sides of the central excavation (see Plate XIX. Figs. 9, 10, 11, 1£) relates to the person, for whom the
Tomb was made. He appears to have been attached to the scribes of the southern quarter, which was probably one of the great
divisions of Memphis. He was named " Phaikop," or " Phaishop," and is called, in the inscription on the southern side (probably
for the sake of phonetic emphasis), " Phaishop-enrat." The inscription begins with a reference to the goddess Isis: —" May Isis,
thy sister, come to thee, rejoicing in loving thee" &c.; and it ends with the titles of the deceased: —" Great...... in the
south and north, chief scribe of the south, ra-haahethemoubsh." The intermediate parts are not distinct, and many of the
titles have not yet been deciphered. The name " Ra-haahethemoubsh" is compounded of that of the monarch, and of an
adjunct, implying " in his glory ;" so that the time when the monument was executed appears to be determined. This appellation
seems to have been a surname of " Phaishop," from the inscription upon the sarcophagus, which also contains it, as well as his
"good name Nofrethmouemshnin" \ The prenomen, which occurs in the composition of the name of the individual, may belong
either to Psammetichus II. or to Apries. In Rosellini, Tom. II. Tav. IX. X. a slight difference exists in the central symbol,
which has been conjectured to have the phonetic value of & (see Salvolini, "Analyse Grammaticale," PI. VI. p. 205; and Rosellini,
"Mon. Stor." Tom. II. Tav. IX. 144; X. 145, 6); but the name occurs, without any such distinction, on a monument in the
Egyptian Saloon at the British Museum. At all events, if it be the prenomen of Psammetichus II., —which it most probably is,
because, in almost all private appellatives, composed of royal names, prenomens seem to have been used, — the tomb must have
been constructed anterior to b.c. 604, and probably belonged to an individual born during the reign of Psammetichus II. If
the title be taken from Apries, it must be posterior to b.c. 570.
The other inscriptions in Plate XIX. refer to the same functionary, and consist of prayers, and of formulas, which have not
been distinctly made out. The characters on the northern side, Fig. 10, contain an invocation to netpe. " Osirian, attached
to the scribes of the south; Ra-haahethemoubsh, extend thy mother, Netpe, over thee (in her name of Extender of the Heaven); J
may she attend to thy abode of rest in heaven, causing thee to appear to the gods in the.....with thy name of a God; may
she provide (or direct) thee with all other things, in her name of the Great Directress...... Netpe, the daughter of the sun,
protecting the attached to the scribes of the south, Phaishop" &c. Unusual formulae, particularly in those upon sarcophagi, which
belong to the time of the Psammetichi, are, indeed, often very obscure. §
The other parts of the inscription, Figs. 9, 11, 12, contain addresses and prayers from the priests, or the deceased, to various
deities, but they have not yet been deciphered.
The lid of the sarcophagus, Fig. 7, exhibits the usual mummied form, and also the face of the deceased in the klaft, and in the
oskh, or collar; together with a short inscription, containing also an invocation to the deceased, in which may be read-—" Attached
to the royal scribe of the viands, Phaishop, surnamed Ra-haaheth (Hophra) emoubsh" &c. The Tomb was, in fact, excavated for
this person; but other officers of the same class, although probably not his relations, were buried in the adjacent grottoes.
The characters on the stone over the sarcophagus, Fig. 6, contain a short religious sentence, and have a similar import to those
in the pit at the end of the sarcophagus, Fig. 8, which are to be read from right to left. It is evident from the inscriptions,
that the Tomb was constructed under the Saite dynasty; and the inscriptions upon this, and upon the chief sarcophagus, receive
considerable illustration from two cotemporaneous monuments, viz. the sarcophagus of Hapimen,[| No. 23, and the fragment^ No. 66,
in the Egyptian Saloon at the British Museum, another part of which is preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford.
The sarcophagus from grotto y is of the usual shape, see Plate XXI.; the lid is coved, and upon it is represented the
* The building is said to have been lately destroyed for the sake of the materials.
f " Nofrethmou in the lily" according to the chapter in the ritual. See " Rit. Desc. d'Egypte," where the head of that deity appears placed on a lily; and it may be observed that he usually wears a lily above his head, as a distinctive emblem.
% The coffin of the king called Skhai (as described in a drawing in the possession of the Royal Asiatic Society) reads — "(extend thy mother, Netpe, over thee) in her name of Extender of the Heavens." The reader can compare this with "may she attend" &c. and choose
between them.
§ The inscriptions upon the sides of the Tomb, therefore, do not refer to the person who was deposited in the sarcophagus taken from the grotto y, nor to the individual, to whom the basalt sarcophagus belonged, the fragments of which are also in the British Museum. Both
these sarcophagi seem to have been deposited at a later period.
|| This sarcophagus was called by the Turks, "The Lover's Fountain/' and was removed by the French from Cairo. It was presented by the Ottoman Porte to the British Government, on the evacuation of Egypt by the French, in 1801. It is composed of dark-coloured granite,
and may be referred to the time of the Psammetichi. On the exterior, Isis and Nephthys kneel upon the symbols of resplendence, placed above discs; the four genii of the Amenti, the two Anubides or Anubis, and Hop Hioue (Champ.), the two symbolic eyes, are also represented,
&c. The invocations are very similar to those on the sarcophagus brought from the grotto y, in Campbell's Tomb. Around the interior are the various deities, to whom the different parts of the body are dedicated, with inscriptions before them to that effect; and on the bottom
is a full-length figure of the goddess Netpe.
% This fragment belonged to Pipheirgot, "attached to the scribes, a prefect of the royal guard, a pastophorous priest, a resident in the palace, son of Nashtharthbai and of Herineith" The characters upon it serve to explain the obscure figures upon the head of the sarcophagus
brought from the grotto y, in Campbell's Tomb, and evidently allude to the procession of the sun through the firmament, accompanied by the hours, and by the deities termed the " Totonen" or " Tot-Gods, the established divinities." The "sun" is stated to "proceed" to "guard the
hours, and to penetrate darkness."