DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4222#0042
32
ROYAL TOMBS OF THE 1st DYNASTY.
caps of black clay. The name of" the royal mother
Hapenmaat" occurs on the tomb of Amten,
who made daily offerings in the Z:a-house, or
funerary chapel, of this queen (see L. Denlc. ii. 6).
This has been quoted as evidence that she " was
queen of one of the last kings of the Illrd
Dynasty," but it only proves that her worship
was continued to the end of the Illrd Dynasty.
It seems not improbable that Khasekhemui is
the same as Zaza of the list of Sety, last king
of the Ilnd Dynasty (see sect. 6) ; his queen
might well be called the " king-bearer " of
Xebka, the founder of the Illrd Dynasty, and so
she might be venerated as the foundress of the
Illrd Dynasty, as Aahmes Nefertari was vene-
rated in the XVIIIth Dynasty. The change
from Thinis to Memphis in the title of the Illrd
Dynasty shows a fresh start to have taken place
then.
The greater part of the sealings of Kha-
sekhemui are on yellow clay, and very frag-
mentary, as the area of each originally was only
a small part of the Avhole seal. Hence it is only
by comparing dozens of fragments of impressions
of each seal that it is possible to reconstruct
even the broken views here given.
From the character of the sealings above, it
would be clear that Perabsen was intermediate
between the 1st Dynasty and Khasekhemui,
and this accords with the general features of the
tombs.
It is also clear that these two kings cannot
long precede King Neterkhet—Zeser of the Illrd
Dynasty, as an impression of a seal of Perabsen
was found in his tomb.
I have drawn now all the figures of seals that
can possibly be obtained from the thousands of
sealings found in our work in the Royal Tombs ;
and, after going over the collection made in past
years, now in the Cairo Museum, I found that
only the completion of a few signs could be
obtained from that material. Hence it is un-
likely that other sealings will add any serious
amount to this corpus, and also it is unlikely
that sealings will be preserved in less dry
localities, such as the temple area. Hence this
collection of 216 sealings will be practically all
that we shall have for the restoration of the
bureaucracy and organization of the first two
Dynasties.
29. Pl. XXV. 1, 2 have been already noticed
with pis. v. 13 and va. 6, 4—11. On the bases
of stone bowls are occasionally very delicately-
drawn signs, which are not hieroglyphic in some
cases. Such signs are here shown on enlarged
scale. 12 will be noticed with pl. liv.
13—27. Many stone vases bear signs written
in ink with a brush. These can scarcely be
photographed, owing to the slightness of the
ink-stain on dark slate and such stones, Some
are shown in B. T., pl. x. Of these 1 -
drawing 17, 2 = drawing 21, 3 = drawing 19,
4 is sufficiently clear ; 5 = drawing 26, 6 and 7
are sufficiently clear. Only two of these are
a king's name, the Setui brushed broadly on
slate dishes in figs. 17, 18.
30. Pl. XXVI. The steles drawn here are all
shown in photograph in pis. xxviii.,xxix.,xxixA.,
xxixB. The numbers are continuous from
those published last year, so that it is only need-
ful to quote the number in order to define any
of the 146 steles discovered in 1900-1. The
forty steles or so, published by M. Amelineau,
have no numbers except those added in my out-
lines of them, B. T., pl. xxxii. It is to be hoped
that whenever those are properly published
their numbers will begin 147, and so avoid any
ambiguity in quotation.
The pieces of the stele of King Zer will be
published next year, as unfortunately the
photographs of it were lost.
The steles from around the tomb of Zer are
mostly so deeply weathered that it is difficult to
trace the original relief; see fig. 50, pl. xxviii.
In order to draw the outline, or still more, to
photograph it, the only method is to fill up all
the weathered hollows with sand. Accordingly,
0
10 0
irraplis1
ROYAL TOMBS OF THE 1st DYNASTY.
caps of black clay. The name of" the royal mother
Hapenmaat" occurs on the tomb of Amten,
who made daily offerings in the Z:a-house, or
funerary chapel, of this queen (see L. Denlc. ii. 6).
This has been quoted as evidence that she " was
queen of one of the last kings of the Illrd
Dynasty," but it only proves that her worship
was continued to the end of the Illrd Dynasty.
It seems not improbable that Khasekhemui is
the same as Zaza of the list of Sety, last king
of the Ilnd Dynasty (see sect. 6) ; his queen
might well be called the " king-bearer " of
Xebka, the founder of the Illrd Dynasty, and so
she might be venerated as the foundress of the
Illrd Dynasty, as Aahmes Nefertari was vene-
rated in the XVIIIth Dynasty. The change
from Thinis to Memphis in the title of the Illrd
Dynasty shows a fresh start to have taken place
then.
The greater part of the sealings of Kha-
sekhemui are on yellow clay, and very frag-
mentary, as the area of each originally was only
a small part of the Avhole seal. Hence it is only
by comparing dozens of fragments of impressions
of each seal that it is possible to reconstruct
even the broken views here given.
From the character of the sealings above, it
would be clear that Perabsen was intermediate
between the 1st Dynasty and Khasekhemui,
and this accords with the general features of the
tombs.
It is also clear that these two kings cannot
long precede King Neterkhet—Zeser of the Illrd
Dynasty, as an impression of a seal of Perabsen
was found in his tomb.
I have drawn now all the figures of seals that
can possibly be obtained from the thousands of
sealings found in our work in the Royal Tombs ;
and, after going over the collection made in past
years, now in the Cairo Museum, I found that
only the completion of a few signs could be
obtained from that material. Hence it is un-
likely that other sealings will add any serious
amount to this corpus, and also it is unlikely
that sealings will be preserved in less dry
localities, such as the temple area. Hence this
collection of 216 sealings will be practically all
that we shall have for the restoration of the
bureaucracy and organization of the first two
Dynasties.
29. Pl. XXV. 1, 2 have been already noticed
with pis. v. 13 and va. 6, 4—11. On the bases
of stone bowls are occasionally very delicately-
drawn signs, which are not hieroglyphic in some
cases. Such signs are here shown on enlarged
scale. 12 will be noticed with pl. liv.
13—27. Many stone vases bear signs written
in ink with a brush. These can scarcely be
photographed, owing to the slightness of the
ink-stain on dark slate and such stones, Some
are shown in B. T., pl. x. Of these 1 -
drawing 17, 2 = drawing 21, 3 = drawing 19,
4 is sufficiently clear ; 5 = drawing 26, 6 and 7
are sufficiently clear. Only two of these are
a king's name, the Setui brushed broadly on
slate dishes in figs. 17, 18.
30. Pl. XXVI. The steles drawn here are all
shown in photograph in pis. xxviii.,xxix.,xxixA.,
xxixB. The numbers are continuous from
those published last year, so that it is only need-
ful to quote the number in order to define any
of the 146 steles discovered in 1900-1. The
forty steles or so, published by M. Amelineau,
have no numbers except those added in my out-
lines of them, B. T., pl. xxxii. It is to be hoped
that whenever those are properly published
their numbers will begin 147, and so avoid any
ambiguity in quotation.
The pieces of the stele of King Zer will be
published next year, as unfortunately the
photographs of it were lost.
The steles from around the tomb of Zer are
mostly so deeply weathered that it is difficult to
trace the original relief; see fig. 50, pl. xxviii.
In order to draw the outline, or still more, to
photograph it, the only method is to fill up all
the weathered hollows with sand. Accordingly,
0
10 0
irraplis1