DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.3350#0027
THE TERRA-COTTA HEADS
17
often takes tithe of the mint, anise and cumin, and
leaves the weightier matters of the world's history-
neglected. There is not even any series of composite
portrait heads from coins, which are greatly needed
for the character study of celebrated kings.
At present we can identify some of the new heads ;
but most of them, though of strongly marked character
and dress, remain anonymous from the lack of all
comparable material. The numbers here follow on
from the first series in Memphis I; and both series
are at University College. The Iberian (70) is
identified by the resemblance of the profile to the
Shardana or Sardinian of the XlXth-XXth dynasty,
in the long low head and the mutton-chop whisker,
and the general resemblance of the front face to the
Spanish matador type at present. There is no other
ancient race, so far as I remember, which has shaved
in this fashion.
The Karian (71) is named on the strength of the
description of Herodotos, that the Karians wore
helmets with a crest like a cock's comb. There is
no other helmet type which would agree to this, and
the Karian as being the chief mercenary soldier race
of the time, and settled in Egypt, must have been
familiar in Memphis.
The Hebrew (72) is named only on the ground of
resemblance to a modern Jewish type, coming from
Germany.
The Kurd (73) has the crossed turban which
belongs to the Central Asian and Kurd race, but
not to the Semitic peoples. Mr. Hogarth informs
me that the type of face agrees to that of the modern
Kurds, who were well known to the Greeks as the
Karduchi. This is the finest piece of modelling
among all the heads ; the delicacy with which the
features are worked, the detail of the ear being
pressed forward by the turban, wrinkling it on the
inner side, and the spirit of the expression put this
in the front rank.
The heads 74-77 cannot be identified.
The Scythians are again found in the heads
78-81. In 78 we have probably an eastern Scyth
by the Mongolian slope of the eyes. 80 appears
to be partly Persian, by the better profile and the
clubbing of the hair in a rounded mass. 82 shews
the jockey attitude of riding, and is probably
Scythian, like all the other horsemen. 83 is of
the Indian type, similar to 37-40 in Memphis I. 84
is the usual Scythian horseman, with the round
shield. 85-87 are not identified.
51. Nos. 88-91 are an interesting class, having
much expression and character. They seem to be
all female heads, and not Egyptian. Foreign women
are very rarely found among these portraits, but
the Rhodopes of the foreign colonies were known
to Herodotos. 92-94 are less carefully wrought,
but seem to be also women. 95-97 are the usual
Greek type of Asia Minor.
98 is a graceful Greek head of the Ionian type,
as seen in terra-cottas from the Smyrna region. 99
is a Greek of the Mausolos type, probably from
the south-west of Asia Minor. 100 and 101 are
also familiar Greek types. 102 with long ringlets
shews a mode of hair which is familiar among the
Ptolemaic queens, but not elsewhere. As they
prided themselves on being Macedonians, this is
probably the Macedonian type. 103 appears to
have the same profile, but is a later head, as it is
moulded hollow, and not modelled solid. 104-107
are also Greek types, which I cannot locate at
present.
52. No. 108 is remarkable for having a royal Egyp-
tian cloth head-dress, and yet being bearded. It is on
the neck of a vase, and is painted with purple stripe.
Can it possibly be a Persian king in his costume as
Egyptian ruler? 109 bears an extraordinary helmet,
which from its shape and folds seems made of leather.
Perhaps the slits were attached to a moveable vizor
which is here shewn folded back, but which could
be drawn down over.the face, no is another head
on a vase-neck. 111 has a helmet with long cheek-
pieces. From the heaviness and straightness of the
form it was probably of iron, like the Norman pot
helmet, and this points to the Assyrian side, but
the source of the form has yet to be found. 112
may probably be represented with a felt cap. The
type of face and tall cap seem to belong to Asia
Minor. 113 is a peculiar type with apparently a
flat-folding cap having a flap or tassel at the side.
114, though very roughly made, is distinctive in
the slope of the head backwards, the hair and short
beard, unlike any other head. 115 has a row of
buttons down from each shoulder, which may
identify the dress.
The head 116-124 are probably all from the
Mesopotamian region, though perhaps of different
races. The shaved head does not seem to be found
anciently outside of that basin, except in Egypt
where such physiognomy is not found. 119 is closely
like the Sumerian heads of last year, 22, 24.
The various types 125-132 are not yet connected
with known localities. 128 has closely the Mark
3
17
often takes tithe of the mint, anise and cumin, and
leaves the weightier matters of the world's history-
neglected. There is not even any series of composite
portrait heads from coins, which are greatly needed
for the character study of celebrated kings.
At present we can identify some of the new heads ;
but most of them, though of strongly marked character
and dress, remain anonymous from the lack of all
comparable material. The numbers here follow on
from the first series in Memphis I; and both series
are at University College. The Iberian (70) is
identified by the resemblance of the profile to the
Shardana or Sardinian of the XlXth-XXth dynasty,
in the long low head and the mutton-chop whisker,
and the general resemblance of the front face to the
Spanish matador type at present. There is no other
ancient race, so far as I remember, which has shaved
in this fashion.
The Karian (71) is named on the strength of the
description of Herodotos, that the Karians wore
helmets with a crest like a cock's comb. There is
no other helmet type which would agree to this, and
the Karian as being the chief mercenary soldier race
of the time, and settled in Egypt, must have been
familiar in Memphis.
The Hebrew (72) is named only on the ground of
resemblance to a modern Jewish type, coming from
Germany.
The Kurd (73) has the crossed turban which
belongs to the Central Asian and Kurd race, but
not to the Semitic peoples. Mr. Hogarth informs
me that the type of face agrees to that of the modern
Kurds, who were well known to the Greeks as the
Karduchi. This is the finest piece of modelling
among all the heads ; the delicacy with which the
features are worked, the detail of the ear being
pressed forward by the turban, wrinkling it on the
inner side, and the spirit of the expression put this
in the front rank.
The heads 74-77 cannot be identified.
The Scythians are again found in the heads
78-81. In 78 we have probably an eastern Scyth
by the Mongolian slope of the eyes. 80 appears
to be partly Persian, by the better profile and the
clubbing of the hair in a rounded mass. 82 shews
the jockey attitude of riding, and is probably
Scythian, like all the other horsemen. 83 is of
the Indian type, similar to 37-40 in Memphis I. 84
is the usual Scythian horseman, with the round
shield. 85-87 are not identified.
51. Nos. 88-91 are an interesting class, having
much expression and character. They seem to be
all female heads, and not Egyptian. Foreign women
are very rarely found among these portraits, but
the Rhodopes of the foreign colonies were known
to Herodotos. 92-94 are less carefully wrought,
but seem to be also women. 95-97 are the usual
Greek type of Asia Minor.
98 is a graceful Greek head of the Ionian type,
as seen in terra-cottas from the Smyrna region. 99
is a Greek of the Mausolos type, probably from
the south-west of Asia Minor. 100 and 101 are
also familiar Greek types. 102 with long ringlets
shews a mode of hair which is familiar among the
Ptolemaic queens, but not elsewhere. As they
prided themselves on being Macedonians, this is
probably the Macedonian type. 103 appears to
have the same profile, but is a later head, as it is
moulded hollow, and not modelled solid. 104-107
are also Greek types, which I cannot locate at
present.
52. No. 108 is remarkable for having a royal Egyp-
tian cloth head-dress, and yet being bearded. It is on
the neck of a vase, and is painted with purple stripe.
Can it possibly be a Persian king in his costume as
Egyptian ruler? 109 bears an extraordinary helmet,
which from its shape and folds seems made of leather.
Perhaps the slits were attached to a moveable vizor
which is here shewn folded back, but which could
be drawn down over.the face, no is another head
on a vase-neck. 111 has a helmet with long cheek-
pieces. From the heaviness and straightness of the
form it was probably of iron, like the Norman pot
helmet, and this points to the Assyrian side, but
the source of the form has yet to be found. 112
may probably be represented with a felt cap. The
type of face and tall cap seem to belong to Asia
Minor. 113 is a peculiar type with apparently a
flat-folding cap having a flap or tassel at the side.
114, though very roughly made, is distinctive in
the slope of the head backwards, the hair and short
beard, unlike any other head. 115 has a row of
buttons down from each shoulder, which may
identify the dress.
The head 116-124 are probably all from the
Mesopotamian region, though perhaps of different
races. The shaved head does not seem to be found
anciently outside of that basin, except in Egypt
where such physiognomy is not found. 119 is closely
like the Sumerian heads of last year, 22, 24.
The various types 125-132 are not yet connected
with known localities. 128 has closely the Mark
3