DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.3390#0020
IMPORTANT GRAVES
II
in a remarkable manner; see ix, 20. With it were
an ivory cylinder jar, 53 g, and hair-pin; 3 flint
armlets, and 2 slate armlets.
Grave 80. An undisturbed burial with 6 stone
vases in a basket, placed upon another basket with
4 vases, close south of the pelvis. A string of ser-
pentine, garnet, carnelian, and other beads. Basalt
bowl outside of the baskets.
Grave 137 contained a basket with lid, of egg-cup
shape, like Junker's Sondertyp 3 in pottery.
Grave 149. Eight flint armlets, four on each arm.
Poles and boards over the top covered with matting.
Grave 170. In one coffin two bodies, faces N.,
heads E. and W.; very prognathous, light-brown hair;
see xxii. Skulls and bodies in position, but legs and
arms shifted. Copper adze, iv, 5, in front of one
body.
Grave 195. Lined with bricks, bonded English
bond, nearly 10x5x3.
Grave 204. Body on tray of reeds, bordered with
four branches of wood. Roofing of branches of
wood, with a thick layer of reeds.
Grave 230. Undisturbed burial, coffin much de-
cayed. Pottery all round coffin, but double row at
N. end.
Grave 415. Roofing of large branches covered
with matting. Wooden coffin badly decayed, mat on
bottom. Upon the coffin a three-legged stool upside
down. In the coffin were two alabaster jars before
and behind the head ; a slate palette (xxix, 21) before
the hands ; a cylinder jar with inscription (xxxi, 69),
apparently of Nar-mer, behind the back, and three
other cylinders at the foot end, containing ashes.
Around the neck were strings of amethyst and car-
nelian beads, the largest in the cemetery (xiv, 53).
As to the date of this grave, the cylinder jars, 48 /,
49 /, would point to S.D. 78, the smooth type, 50, would
rather point to S.D. 8o, but it was found also in the
Nar-mer grave of S.D. 78. Of the stone vases, 14
is indecisive, but 61 and 72 are entirely of S.D. 80 and
81. Thus the evidence of the vases would be mainly
for the later date of 80, but the inscription strongly
suggests S.D. 78.
Grave 422. Ivory armlet (ii, 6) on forearm.
Grave 538. A bed-frame was placed on the top
of the box coffin. A sheep's head lay N. of the
coffin end.
Grave 1013. Two alabaster vases in front of arms,
3 pots at feet.
Grave 1060. The great mastaba is fully described
jn chap. iv. by Mr, Wainwright, who excavated it.
20. Sequence Date 81. Grave 61. Undis-
turbed burial upon a bed-frame. Pottery all within
the frame. Alabaster 72 £- behind the head, 14 b
farther back on corner of frame. Baskets beyond
feet. Pottery all behind the body.
Grave 88. An example of close packing of a
body in a basket coffin. The femur was 17J inches
long, humerus 127 (445 and 324 mm.), a full aver-
age size for a man ; yet the body was entirely packed
into a rounded bundle 27 x 15 inches, put into a basket
of 34 x 20 inches. Two alabaster vases, 78 /, were
in the basket, one beyond the head, the other behind
the pelvis.
Grave 89. A complete burial in box coffin 28
inches long. Pottery beyond head and along back of
coffin, outside. Limestone dish 12 d at the back, and
behind pelvis 2 saucers 7 b, one inverted on the other ;
in the lower were pieces of charcoal, and smoke on
the upper. This is the earliest example of fire-
offering known. Similar bowls of charcoal were
found in xith dynasty graves. The teeth were pecu-
liar ; though the body was adult (femur 178 inches,
trunk 30 long), and the wisdom teeth were fully
grown, yet the canines were not forward.
Grave 101. A large grave with beam from end
to end for roofing. At N. end 37 jars of 59 >&, sealed
with mud, and containing scented fat. Alabaster
jars to the N.W., and along E. side with cylinder jars.
Grave 107. Tray formed of poles laid lengthways
and across, and matting over them.
Grave 120. Originally covered in with poles and
matting. No body ; outside one end of coffin a
basket and 5 pots, one of 60 b type containing a large
number of the black desert beetle.
Grave 122. Copper axe, adze, and chisel (iv, 4,14;
v, 25 ; vi, 3-5) inside N. end of coffin. Bones dragged
out, lying E. of coffin with black basalt cylinder jar
60/.
Grave 136. The wooden table and sandal tray
(xi, 23, 24; xii, 7, 10) were lying on edge against the
western side of the coffin. Twelve pots stood round
the north and north-east of the coffin.
Grave 158. This was the only example with
offering-chambers, separate, beside the great mastaba
1060. It was cleared by Mr. Engelbach, who describes
it as follows :
The tomb had been robbed anciently. The middle
chamber, which originally must have been the burial-
chamber, was absolutely bare, with the exception of
a plain, rectangular slate palette which was fixed in
the plaster on the wall at A, pi. ii, no. 21,
II
in a remarkable manner; see ix, 20. With it were
an ivory cylinder jar, 53 g, and hair-pin; 3 flint
armlets, and 2 slate armlets.
Grave 80. An undisturbed burial with 6 stone
vases in a basket, placed upon another basket with
4 vases, close south of the pelvis. A string of ser-
pentine, garnet, carnelian, and other beads. Basalt
bowl outside of the baskets.
Grave 137 contained a basket with lid, of egg-cup
shape, like Junker's Sondertyp 3 in pottery.
Grave 149. Eight flint armlets, four on each arm.
Poles and boards over the top covered with matting.
Grave 170. In one coffin two bodies, faces N.,
heads E. and W.; very prognathous, light-brown hair;
see xxii. Skulls and bodies in position, but legs and
arms shifted. Copper adze, iv, 5, in front of one
body.
Grave 195. Lined with bricks, bonded English
bond, nearly 10x5x3.
Grave 204. Body on tray of reeds, bordered with
four branches of wood. Roofing of branches of
wood, with a thick layer of reeds.
Grave 230. Undisturbed burial, coffin much de-
cayed. Pottery all round coffin, but double row at
N. end.
Grave 415. Roofing of large branches covered
with matting. Wooden coffin badly decayed, mat on
bottom. Upon the coffin a three-legged stool upside
down. In the coffin were two alabaster jars before
and behind the head ; a slate palette (xxix, 21) before
the hands ; a cylinder jar with inscription (xxxi, 69),
apparently of Nar-mer, behind the back, and three
other cylinders at the foot end, containing ashes.
Around the neck were strings of amethyst and car-
nelian beads, the largest in the cemetery (xiv, 53).
As to the date of this grave, the cylinder jars, 48 /,
49 /, would point to S.D. 78, the smooth type, 50, would
rather point to S.D. 8o, but it was found also in the
Nar-mer grave of S.D. 78. Of the stone vases, 14
is indecisive, but 61 and 72 are entirely of S.D. 80 and
81. Thus the evidence of the vases would be mainly
for the later date of 80, but the inscription strongly
suggests S.D. 78.
Grave 422. Ivory armlet (ii, 6) on forearm.
Grave 538. A bed-frame was placed on the top
of the box coffin. A sheep's head lay N. of the
coffin end.
Grave 1013. Two alabaster vases in front of arms,
3 pots at feet.
Grave 1060. The great mastaba is fully described
jn chap. iv. by Mr, Wainwright, who excavated it.
20. Sequence Date 81. Grave 61. Undis-
turbed burial upon a bed-frame. Pottery all within
the frame. Alabaster 72 £- behind the head, 14 b
farther back on corner of frame. Baskets beyond
feet. Pottery all behind the body.
Grave 88. An example of close packing of a
body in a basket coffin. The femur was 17J inches
long, humerus 127 (445 and 324 mm.), a full aver-
age size for a man ; yet the body was entirely packed
into a rounded bundle 27 x 15 inches, put into a basket
of 34 x 20 inches. Two alabaster vases, 78 /, were
in the basket, one beyond the head, the other behind
the pelvis.
Grave 89. A complete burial in box coffin 28
inches long. Pottery beyond head and along back of
coffin, outside. Limestone dish 12 d at the back, and
behind pelvis 2 saucers 7 b, one inverted on the other ;
in the lower were pieces of charcoal, and smoke on
the upper. This is the earliest example of fire-
offering known. Similar bowls of charcoal were
found in xith dynasty graves. The teeth were pecu-
liar ; though the body was adult (femur 178 inches,
trunk 30 long), and the wisdom teeth were fully
grown, yet the canines were not forward.
Grave 101. A large grave with beam from end
to end for roofing. At N. end 37 jars of 59 >&, sealed
with mud, and containing scented fat. Alabaster
jars to the N.W., and along E. side with cylinder jars.
Grave 107. Tray formed of poles laid lengthways
and across, and matting over them.
Grave 120. Originally covered in with poles and
matting. No body ; outside one end of coffin a
basket and 5 pots, one of 60 b type containing a large
number of the black desert beetle.
Grave 122. Copper axe, adze, and chisel (iv, 4,14;
v, 25 ; vi, 3-5) inside N. end of coffin. Bones dragged
out, lying E. of coffin with black basalt cylinder jar
60/.
Grave 136. The wooden table and sandal tray
(xi, 23, 24; xii, 7, 10) were lying on edge against the
western side of the coffin. Twelve pots stood round
the north and north-east of the coffin.
Grave 158. This was the only example with
offering-chambers, separate, beside the great mastaba
1060. It was cleared by Mr. Engelbach, who describes
it as follows :
The tomb had been robbed anciently. The middle
chamber, which originally must have been the burial-
chamber, was absolutely bare, with the exception of
a plain, rectangular slate palette which was fixed in
the plaster on the wall at A, pi. ii, no. 21,