Roman Portraiture.

and Bienkowski, Rev. Arch. 1895, II, p. 297; for the drilling
of pupils No. 762 a and Fr. Poulsen: Ikon. Misc. p. 93). As
the treatment of both frontal hair and the hair at the back
may recall youth portraits of Gallienus (Bernoulli: Rom.
Ikon. II 3 pl. XLVIII) and the tectonic style of the head
with the large surfaces and the marked edges likewise suggest
relationship with coin portraits of Gallienus from the time
of Valerianus, especially on gold coins (Mattingly-Syden-
ham: The Roman Imperial Coinage V, I pl. II 20; F. Gnecchi:
I Medaglioni Romani pls. 26, 7 and 12 and pl. 27, 2), a
dating to about 260 A. D. will be correct, and there are
related male portraits, i. a. one in the Nuovo Museo Capito-
lino, Rome and a portrait bust from Pergamon erroneously
dated to the time of Hadrian (Arch. Anz. 58, 1943 p. 204
fig. 2). But when the bust was acquired there was a tendency
to date it to a much later period, as far forward as the 5th
century A. D. on account of certain points of resemblance
with the male portraits of the period.
2. Tillaeg til Billedtavler pl. IL Discussed at length by Fr. Poulsen, Col-
lections III 1942 p. 106 seqq. figs. lv-20.

768. (I. N. 832). The emperor Gallienus (reigned 253-268, but
only 260-268 as sole emperor). Colossal head. M.
H. 0.52. The nose modern in plaster. The surface, partly covered
with lime sinter and vegetable fibres, is much polished, especially the
part round the chin. Vertex and back of head roughly modelled. For
insertion into a statue. Acquired 1894 from Rome and reputed to have
been found there in 1869.
It is the emperor Gallienus (who died at the age of fifty)
in the later years of his life, from 267-268 A. D., with the
parting in the middle characteristic of that period, a Persian
fashion which agrees with the tradition that the emperor
liked to appear in Persian clothes and reformed the Roman
cavalry according to Persian custom and introduced Oriental
dragon pennants (Ammianus Marcellinus XVI 10, 7-8). As
a ruler he also followed Oriental traditions (a good survey
in R. Delbriick: Die Miinzbildnisse von Maximus bis Carinus
p. 44 seqq.).
The style of this head is interesting. The eyebrows are for
instance rendered in up and down turned wavy lines, a

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