DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.16516#0006
Vol. III.]
division of the Army to the westward of the Indus (Cabul),
but expressed her satisfaction at the gallant defence of Jel-
lalabad (by Sir Bobekt S \le), crownea as it was by a decisive
victory in the field (by General Pollock and General
Nott), which eminently proved the courage and discipline of
the European and Native troops, and the skill and fortitude
of their distinguished commanders.
Our collision with the Aflghans arose as follows :—The
Khoord Cabul Pass is a long and dangerous one between Cabul
and Jellalabad, and it was thought advisable to purchase
from the Ghilzies inhabiting that part of Aff'ghanistan, the
right of traversing it without molestation. An agreement was
entered into for this purpose, but it appears that the whole of
the money was not paid, and the Ghilzies rose in arms and
closed the passes, and cut off all communication between
Cabul and British India. Sir R. Sale was sent by General
Elphin stone from Cabul to clear the Pass, and after a severe
contest succeeded in reaching the Southern Gorge, General
Sale being wounded. The British troops had, however, to
force their way to Gundaini>ek, and it took eighteen days of
constant fighting to reach that place. After more fighting the
brigade under General Sale reached Jellalabad on the 12th
of November. In the meantime the fearful tragedy at Cabul
had commenced, caused, it was said, by a belief that the British
Envoy intended to seize several chiefs of influence and send
them to London. The terrible incidents of the siege of Cabul
and the treachery of the Affghans, and the fearful butchery
of the British troops, are now matters of history. The
enemy then advanced to Jellalabad. Sir R. Sale refused,
however, to evacuate the place, having received a letter from
Lady Sale (then a prisoner in the hands of the Affghans)
urging him to defend Jellalabad, and saying she preferred
death to dishonour. After many reverses and many successes
the Aflghans were reduced to submission by the combined
efforts of Generals Nott, Sale, and Pollock, and the
undaunted bravery of our gallant troops.
The war with China was brought to a successful close bv
Sir Hugh Gotjgh and Sir W. Parker, and peace was
concluded with the Emperor on August 26, by Sir H.
Potting hi:. [Laurels at Ningpo.j The Treaty embraced 12b
the following stipulations: Payment by the Chinese of
21,000,000 dollars ; the opening of the ports of Canton,
Amoy, Foo-chou-foo, Ningpo, and Shanghae to British
merchants; consular agents to reside there; the cession of
Hong Kong in perpetuity; perfect equality between the
officers of both Governments ; and possession of Chusan and
Kolangsoo until the money payments were made, and arrange-
ments for opening the ports concluded.
Causes of complaint existed at the beginning of the year
between England and America, viz. : " The Bight of Search,"
the cases of the Creole and the Caroline, and the Boundary
question. Lord Ashbtjrton had been sent by Sir B. Peel
as a Special Ambassador to America, and succeeded in effect-
ing a Treaty (known as the Ashburton), which was duly
ratified bv both Governments, and promised to produce the
best feeling between the two nations. [Unpublished Cor- 167
respondence.1 One remarkable feature in American history
this year was the deliberate repudiation by several States of
their public liabilities, and urging as a plea for non-payment,
that the bonds were not transferable, and could be only reco-
verable by the original holders ; the truth being that many
States, especially that of Pennsylvania, were bankrupt. The
shock given to American credit was very serious, and will not
entirely pass away for many years to come.
division of the Army to the westward of the Indus (Cabul),
but expressed her satisfaction at the gallant defence of Jel-
lalabad (by Sir Bobekt S \le), crownea as it was by a decisive
victory in the field (by General Pollock and General
Nott), which eminently proved the courage and discipline of
the European and Native troops, and the skill and fortitude
of their distinguished commanders.
Our collision with the Aflghans arose as follows :—The
Khoord Cabul Pass is a long and dangerous one between Cabul
and Jellalabad, and it was thought advisable to purchase
from the Ghilzies inhabiting that part of Aff'ghanistan, the
right of traversing it without molestation. An agreement was
entered into for this purpose, but it appears that the whole of
the money was not paid, and the Ghilzies rose in arms and
closed the passes, and cut off all communication between
Cabul and British India. Sir R. Sale was sent by General
Elphin stone from Cabul to clear the Pass, and after a severe
contest succeeded in reaching the Southern Gorge, General
Sale being wounded. The British troops had, however, to
force their way to Gundaini>ek, and it took eighteen days of
constant fighting to reach that place. After more fighting the
brigade under General Sale reached Jellalabad on the 12th
of November. In the meantime the fearful tragedy at Cabul
had commenced, caused, it was said, by a belief that the British
Envoy intended to seize several chiefs of influence and send
them to London. The terrible incidents of the siege of Cabul
and the treachery of the Affghans, and the fearful butchery
of the British troops, are now matters of history. The
enemy then advanced to Jellalabad. Sir R. Sale refused,
however, to evacuate the place, having received a letter from
Lady Sale (then a prisoner in the hands of the Affghans)
urging him to defend Jellalabad, and saying she preferred
death to dishonour. After many reverses and many successes
the Aflghans were reduced to submission by the combined
efforts of Generals Nott, Sale, and Pollock, and the
undaunted bravery of our gallant troops.
The war with China was brought to a successful close bv
Sir Hugh Gotjgh and Sir W. Parker, and peace was
concluded with the Emperor on August 26, by Sir H.
Potting hi:. [Laurels at Ningpo.j The Treaty embraced 12b
the following stipulations: Payment by the Chinese of
21,000,000 dollars ; the opening of the ports of Canton,
Amoy, Foo-chou-foo, Ningpo, and Shanghae to British
merchants; consular agents to reside there; the cession of
Hong Kong in perpetuity; perfect equality between the
officers of both Governments ; and possession of Chusan and
Kolangsoo until the money payments were made, and arrange-
ments for opening the ports concluded.
Causes of complaint existed at the beginning of the year
between England and America, viz. : " The Bight of Search,"
the cases of the Creole and the Caroline, and the Boundary
question. Lord Ashbtjrton had been sent by Sir B. Peel
as a Special Ambassador to America, and succeeded in effect-
ing a Treaty (known as the Ashburton), which was duly
ratified bv both Governments, and promised to produce the
best feeling between the two nations. [Unpublished Cor- 167
respondence.1 One remarkable feature in American history
this year was the deliberate repudiation by several States of
their public liabilities, and urging as a plea for non-payment,
that the bonds were not transferable, and could be only reco-
verable by the original holders ; the truth being that many
States, especially that of Pennsylvania, were bankrupt. The
shock given to American credit was very serious, and will not
entirely pass away for many years to come.