DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.49512#0420
384
APPENDIX B
Taking the southern group (QS Cemetery 2100 and 2300) ,the field as excavated is dominated by three large mastabas,
2171, 2307, and 2337; and by one very large mastaba, 2302. QS 2171 is built over a tomb of the time of Zer and may
be later in date than the other two, although containing a sealing of the same kind as 2302. I would place these four
mastabas in the following order:
(1) QS 2337: type IV A (1).
(2) QS 2302: with sealing of Netery-muw; type IV A (1).
(3) QS 2307: with tank magazines in the superstructure; type IV A (1).
(4) QS 2171: sealing of Netery-muw; type IV A (1).
Between 2337 and 2307 lie two medium-sized mastabas, 2322 and 2313, of the same type. QS 2322 is probably dated
to the reign of Neb-ka and both seem to have been inserted after the construction of the two large mastabas (2337 and
2307). There are four other medium-sized mastabas running irregularly from the south-east corner of 2307 to the back
of 2105, as follows: 2315, 2309, 2101, and 2103. It is impossible to be sure of the order of these four mastabas, and the
large unexcavated area to the south-west increases the difficulty. There is a fifth, much smaller mastaba, QS 2331, to
the south of 2322 and obviously later than that mastaba. Tentatively I suggest the following order of construction:
(5) QS 2315: type IV A (1).
(6) QS 2101: type IV A (2).
(7) QS 2313: type IV A (1).
(8) QS 2103: type IV B (2).
(9) QS 2309: type IV B (1).
(10) QS 2322: type IV A (1).
(11) QS 2331: type IV A (2).
These seven mastabas I would make later in date than QS 2307 and probably later than QS 2171. They would thus fall
in Dyn. II and the beginning of Dyn. III. Attached to the south end of 2307 lies a long narrow mastaba, QS 2305, with
three tank magazines in the filling and three shaft tombs apparently dated by a sealing to the reign of Zoser. This is by
position later than QS 2315 and by the substructure type later than the whole group mentioned above. Behind 2305
are two small intruded mastabas, QS 2304 and 2306, both with cruciform chapels, probably of Dyn. III.
The second group reported by Mr. Quibell, Cemetery QS 2400, containing the tomb of Hesy-ra, is separated by
an unexcavated area (about 65 metres long) from Cemetery QS 2300. The group lies a little back from the edge of the
cliff, and is more closely connected with Firth’s mastabas of the front line. The mastaba FS 3030 is situated east of the
northern part of QS 2498, at a distance of about 18 metres.
The edge of the cliff on the north is taken, as I have said, by the four large mastabas of Dyn. I excavated by Firth
(FS 3035, 3036, 3038, and 3041). Immediately west of 3035 and 3036, covering the space between the two, is the large
mastaba FS 3043. Directly south of 3035 lies the large mastaba FS 3030, with 3031 east of it. These three mastabas
I would place in the following order:
(1) FS 3031: two-niched mastaba with southern niche of great door type; the stairway descends from the east, turns
south, passes under a rock-cut bridge, and continues with magazines on each side to the portcullis; the number
of rooms is unknown; probably Dyn. II; type IV A.
(2) FS 3030: two-niched mastaba with deep southern niche, apparently with panelled wooden stela in back wall;
converted into a flat cruciform chapel by stone masonry; substructure of type IV B with shallow pit at bottom
of stair and the number of rooms not known; Dyn. II—III.
(3) FS 3043: true cruciform chapel with subsidiary niche; type IV B (1); rooms not arranged as in similar tombs of
Dyn. II; dated by sealing of Khasekhemuwy to end of Dyn. II.
With these three must be included FS 3042, west of the southern end of 3041:
(4) FS 3042: two-niched mastaba with southern niche altered and with corridor on east and south; type IV A (1);
stair from east turns south, passes under bridge and continues with two magazines to portcullis; three rooms;
Dyn. II (?).
Directly behind FS 3035 and south of 3043 is a partially excavated mastaba with simplified panelling along east face,
and a small cruciform chapel near north end. We have been unable to identify this. Apparently it is not FS 3037.
APPENDIX B
Taking the southern group (QS Cemetery 2100 and 2300) ,the field as excavated is dominated by three large mastabas,
2171, 2307, and 2337; and by one very large mastaba, 2302. QS 2171 is built over a tomb of the time of Zer and may
be later in date than the other two, although containing a sealing of the same kind as 2302. I would place these four
mastabas in the following order:
(1) QS 2337: type IV A (1).
(2) QS 2302: with sealing of Netery-muw; type IV A (1).
(3) QS 2307: with tank magazines in the superstructure; type IV A (1).
(4) QS 2171: sealing of Netery-muw; type IV A (1).
Between 2337 and 2307 lie two medium-sized mastabas, 2322 and 2313, of the same type. QS 2322 is probably dated
to the reign of Neb-ka and both seem to have been inserted after the construction of the two large mastabas (2337 and
2307). There are four other medium-sized mastabas running irregularly from the south-east corner of 2307 to the back
of 2105, as follows: 2315, 2309, 2101, and 2103. It is impossible to be sure of the order of these four mastabas, and the
large unexcavated area to the south-west increases the difficulty. There is a fifth, much smaller mastaba, QS 2331, to
the south of 2322 and obviously later than that mastaba. Tentatively I suggest the following order of construction:
(5) QS 2315: type IV A (1).
(6) QS 2101: type IV A (2).
(7) QS 2313: type IV A (1).
(8) QS 2103: type IV B (2).
(9) QS 2309: type IV B (1).
(10) QS 2322: type IV A (1).
(11) QS 2331: type IV A (2).
These seven mastabas I would make later in date than QS 2307 and probably later than QS 2171. They would thus fall
in Dyn. II and the beginning of Dyn. III. Attached to the south end of 2307 lies a long narrow mastaba, QS 2305, with
three tank magazines in the filling and three shaft tombs apparently dated by a sealing to the reign of Zoser. This is by
position later than QS 2315 and by the substructure type later than the whole group mentioned above. Behind 2305
are two small intruded mastabas, QS 2304 and 2306, both with cruciform chapels, probably of Dyn. III.
The second group reported by Mr. Quibell, Cemetery QS 2400, containing the tomb of Hesy-ra, is separated by
an unexcavated area (about 65 metres long) from Cemetery QS 2300. The group lies a little back from the edge of the
cliff, and is more closely connected with Firth’s mastabas of the front line. The mastaba FS 3030 is situated east of the
northern part of QS 2498, at a distance of about 18 metres.
The edge of the cliff on the north is taken, as I have said, by the four large mastabas of Dyn. I excavated by Firth
(FS 3035, 3036, 3038, and 3041). Immediately west of 3035 and 3036, covering the space between the two, is the large
mastaba FS 3043. Directly south of 3035 lies the large mastaba FS 3030, with 3031 east of it. These three mastabas
I would place in the following order:
(1) FS 3031: two-niched mastaba with southern niche of great door type; the stairway descends from the east, turns
south, passes under a rock-cut bridge, and continues with magazines on each side to the portcullis; the number
of rooms is unknown; probably Dyn. II; type IV A.
(2) FS 3030: two-niched mastaba with deep southern niche, apparently with panelled wooden stela in back wall;
converted into a flat cruciform chapel by stone masonry; substructure of type IV B with shallow pit at bottom
of stair and the number of rooms not known; Dyn. II—III.
(3) FS 3043: true cruciform chapel with subsidiary niche; type IV B (1); rooms not arranged as in similar tombs of
Dyn. II; dated by sealing of Khasekhemuwy to end of Dyn. II.
With these three must be included FS 3042, west of the southern end of 3041:
(4) FS 3042: two-niched mastaba with southern niche altered and with corridor on east and south; type IV A (1);
stair from east turns south, passes under bridge and continues with two magazines to portcullis; three rooms;
Dyn. II (?).
Directly behind FS 3035 and south of 3043 is a partially excavated mastaba with simplified panelling along east face,
and a small cruciform chapel near north end. We have been unable to identify this. Apparently it is not FS 3037.