DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.49928#0137
PLATE XLII.
Figs. 1—3.—Fragments of a “Signum.”
Found in a Roman Fort at Niederbiber, nearNeuwied
on the Rhine, and in the Collection of the Prince of
Neuwied.
Lindenschmit, Alterthilmer uns. heidn. Vorzeit,i., Pt. 7, Pl. 5.
Fig. 3 is a disk of silver with traces of gilding, which was
attached to the staff of a signum (cf. fig. 11) by the bronze
attachment, fig. 2.
Fig. 1 is also of silver and inscribed coh v. (= Cohortis
Quintse ?). It probably belongs to the same signum.
The relief on fig. 3 represents an imperator in cuirass and
paludamentum, who stands on a heap of spoil, holding a sword
in his right and a spear in his left hand. The spoil consists of
helmets, shields, battle-axes, swords, spears, and trumpets,
under the weight of which a barbarian captive is seen struggling
with hands tied behind his back.
Figs, 4, 5.—Bronze Cuirass ; breast and back plates.
From Etruria. In the Grand-ducal Collection at
Carlsruhe. Etruscan ; Fourth Century b.c.
Lindenschmit, Alterthilmer uns. heidnischen Vorzeit, i., Pt. 3,
Pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.
Baumeister, Denkmdler, fig. 2246, 2247.
Schumacher, Beschreibung, p. 137 (No. 712).
The cuirass consists of two stout bronze plates, hammered
into the forms of the breast and back. The plates were fastened
together by straps at the sides and over the shoulders.
Figs. 6, 7.—Bronze “umbo” with attachment.
Found at Chalons-sur-Marne. In the Museum of
Saint-Germain.
Lindenschmit, Alterthilmer, iii. 2, Pl. 1
Daremberg-Saglio, Diet., fig. 1653.
The Roman shield (scutum') was of wood covered with cloth
or leather and strengthened with a boss (umbo) in the centre.
The bronze boss in figs. 6, 7 is further strengthened by a long
strip of metal running across the centre from top to bottom of
the shield in the manner shown in fig. 8. The boss is hollow,
and as several coins have been found in similar bosses, it is
supposed that it served the soldier as a money-box.
Fig. 8.—Soldiers of the Republic with the “ Scutum.”
Relief in the Louvre, Paris. Roman, about Christian
Era.
Clarac, Mus. de Sculpt. 751.
Daremberg-Saglio, No. 1651.
The soldiers here shown are legionaries, but armed in an
earlier fashion than those on Trajan’s column (fig. n). They
wear a coat of mail (lorica hamata) instead of plate armour,
and have large oval shields (scuta), which closely correspond to
Polybius’s description. The relief probably belongs to the
beginning of the Empire.
Fig. 9.—Cippus of C. Marius.
Found near Bonn and in the Museum there. Roman,
Imperial Period.
Lindenschmit, Tracht und Bewaffnung, Pl. 7, fig. 1.
Inscribed :—C(aius) M(arius) L(ucii) f(ilius) Vol(tinia tribu)
Luco Augusti Eques leg(ionis) I. annor(um) xxx. stip(endiorum)
xv. h(ic) s(itus) e(st). Sex(tus) Sempronius prater facien(duiri)
curavit. The deceased is represented on horseback, charging.
He is armed with a long six-sided shield, and a spear which
he is in the act of hurling at the foe. He wears the tunica,
breeches (braccae), and high boots. His breast is covered with
a framework of leather on which hang metal disks. These are
phalerae, presented as a reward for military service. As a
further record, these phalerae, nine in all, are repeated on a
larger scale on a slab in the lower right-hand corner. Three
of them have animal’s heads in relief, two others human
masks, two rosettes and two are plain. On the slab, to the left
of the phalerae, are two armillae, which with the torques (repre-
sented in the spandrils of the arch above) were also among the
dona militaria (cf. Pl. 43, fig. 16).
Figs, io, ii.—Reliefs on Trajan’s Column (113 a.d., cf.
Pl· 39, fig· x)·
Bartoli, Colonna Traiana, Pls. 1-6.
Froehner, Col. Traj., vol. i., Pl. 27, 28, 30-33.
The reliefs are the lowest on Trajan’s column and begin the
series. In fig. 10 the Roman bank of the Danube is shown.
It is fortified by a row of huts and towers surrounded by
palisades. Near the third palisade is a huge pile of wood and
two haycocks built on poles, in the same fashion as in modern
Bulgaria. The three watch-towers which follow are two-storied,
with a balcony round the upper story, and a signal torch burn-
ing out of the window in each. Sentries equipped as auxiliaries
(cf. Pl. 41, fig. i) are stationed near the towers. Further, on
the right is a small harbour where two soldiers are engaged in
stowing casks in a boat. The harbour lies just outside the
lofty palisade which protects a small town, Viminacium
(modern Kostolatz in Servia), which was the head-quarters of
the 7th Claudian legion. The view of the town is continued
in fig. 11, where two more boats laden with bales and barrels
are riding at anchor. From the gate of the town the Roman
army is seen marching out over a bridge of boats. The bridge
is divided into two parts by an island. The sterns of the boats
83
M 2
Figs. 1—3.—Fragments of a “Signum.”
Found in a Roman Fort at Niederbiber, nearNeuwied
on the Rhine, and in the Collection of the Prince of
Neuwied.
Lindenschmit, Alterthilmer uns. heidn. Vorzeit,i., Pt. 7, Pl. 5.
Fig. 3 is a disk of silver with traces of gilding, which was
attached to the staff of a signum (cf. fig. 11) by the bronze
attachment, fig. 2.
Fig. 1 is also of silver and inscribed coh v. (= Cohortis
Quintse ?). It probably belongs to the same signum.
The relief on fig. 3 represents an imperator in cuirass and
paludamentum, who stands on a heap of spoil, holding a sword
in his right and a spear in his left hand. The spoil consists of
helmets, shields, battle-axes, swords, spears, and trumpets,
under the weight of which a barbarian captive is seen struggling
with hands tied behind his back.
Figs, 4, 5.—Bronze Cuirass ; breast and back plates.
From Etruria. In the Grand-ducal Collection at
Carlsruhe. Etruscan ; Fourth Century b.c.
Lindenschmit, Alterthilmer uns. heidnischen Vorzeit, i., Pt. 3,
Pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.
Baumeister, Denkmdler, fig. 2246, 2247.
Schumacher, Beschreibung, p. 137 (No. 712).
The cuirass consists of two stout bronze plates, hammered
into the forms of the breast and back. The plates were fastened
together by straps at the sides and over the shoulders.
Figs. 6, 7.—Bronze “umbo” with attachment.
Found at Chalons-sur-Marne. In the Museum of
Saint-Germain.
Lindenschmit, Alterthilmer, iii. 2, Pl. 1
Daremberg-Saglio, Diet., fig. 1653.
The Roman shield (scutum') was of wood covered with cloth
or leather and strengthened with a boss (umbo) in the centre.
The bronze boss in figs. 6, 7 is further strengthened by a long
strip of metal running across the centre from top to bottom of
the shield in the manner shown in fig. 8. The boss is hollow,
and as several coins have been found in similar bosses, it is
supposed that it served the soldier as a money-box.
Fig. 8.—Soldiers of the Republic with the “ Scutum.”
Relief in the Louvre, Paris. Roman, about Christian
Era.
Clarac, Mus. de Sculpt. 751.
Daremberg-Saglio, No. 1651.
The soldiers here shown are legionaries, but armed in an
earlier fashion than those on Trajan’s column (fig. n). They
wear a coat of mail (lorica hamata) instead of plate armour,
and have large oval shields (scuta), which closely correspond to
Polybius’s description. The relief probably belongs to the
beginning of the Empire.
Fig. 9.—Cippus of C. Marius.
Found near Bonn and in the Museum there. Roman,
Imperial Period.
Lindenschmit, Tracht und Bewaffnung, Pl. 7, fig. 1.
Inscribed :—C(aius) M(arius) L(ucii) f(ilius) Vol(tinia tribu)
Luco Augusti Eques leg(ionis) I. annor(um) xxx. stip(endiorum)
xv. h(ic) s(itus) e(st). Sex(tus) Sempronius prater facien(duiri)
curavit. The deceased is represented on horseback, charging.
He is armed with a long six-sided shield, and a spear which
he is in the act of hurling at the foe. He wears the tunica,
breeches (braccae), and high boots. His breast is covered with
a framework of leather on which hang metal disks. These are
phalerae, presented as a reward for military service. As a
further record, these phalerae, nine in all, are repeated on a
larger scale on a slab in the lower right-hand corner. Three
of them have animal’s heads in relief, two others human
masks, two rosettes and two are plain. On the slab, to the left
of the phalerae, are two armillae, which with the torques (repre-
sented in the spandrils of the arch above) were also among the
dona militaria (cf. Pl. 43, fig. 16).
Figs, io, ii.—Reliefs on Trajan’s Column (113 a.d., cf.
Pl· 39, fig· x)·
Bartoli, Colonna Traiana, Pls. 1-6.
Froehner, Col. Traj., vol. i., Pl. 27, 28, 30-33.
The reliefs are the lowest on Trajan’s column and begin the
series. In fig. 10 the Roman bank of the Danube is shown.
It is fortified by a row of huts and towers surrounded by
palisades. Near the third palisade is a huge pile of wood and
two haycocks built on poles, in the same fashion as in modern
Bulgaria. The three watch-towers which follow are two-storied,
with a balcony round the upper story, and a signal torch burn-
ing out of the window in each. Sentries equipped as auxiliaries
(cf. Pl. 41, fig. i) are stationed near the towers. Further, on
the right is a small harbour where two soldiers are engaged in
stowing casks in a boat. The harbour lies just outside the
lofty palisade which protects a small town, Viminacium
(modern Kostolatz in Servia), which was the head-quarters of
the 7th Claudian legion. The view of the town is continued
in fig. 11, where two more boats laden with bales and barrels
are riding at anchor. From the gate of the town the Roman
army is seen marching out over a bridge of boats. The bridge
is divided into two parts by an island. The sterns of the boats
83
M 2