Smith, William: A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities (London, 1871)

CHITOX.

84

CHOREGUS.

instrument, especially a note of hand given
by a debtor to his creditor.
CHITON (x""'). [Tunica.]
CHLAEXA (x^alva). [Pallium.]
CHLAMYS (>A.anu;, dim. \KafivSiov\ a
scarf, denoted an article of the amictus, or
outer raiment of the Greeks. It was for the
most part woollen; and it differed from the
himation (i/ianoi'), or cloak, the usual amictus
of the male sex, in being smaller, finer, and
oblong instead of square, its length being
generally about twice its breadth. The scarf
does not appear to have been much worn by
children. It was generally assumed On
reaching adolescence, and was worn by the
ephebi from about seventeen to twenty years
of age, and hence was called x Kofi's ty&wA ■
It was also worn by the military, especially
of high rank, over their body armour, and by
hunters and travellers, more particularly on
horseback. The usual mode of wearing the
scarf was to pass one of its shorter sides
round the neck, and to fasten it by means of
a brooch [fibula], either over the breast (cut,
Hasta), in which case it hung down the back,
or over the right shoulder, so as to cover the
left arm (cut, Causia). In the following cut
it is worn again in another way. The apti-

Chiamys. (The Figure on the left from a Painting on a
Vase ; that on the right from the Brit. Mus.)

tude of the scarf to be turned in every pos-
sible form around the body, made it useful
even for defence. The hunter used to wrap
his chlamys about his left arm when pursuing
wild animals, and preparing to fight with
them. The annexed woodcut exhibits a
figure of Neptune armed with the trident in
his right hand, and having a chlamys to
protect the left. When Diana goes to the
chase, as she does not require her scarf for
purposes of defence, she draws it from behind
over her shoulders, and twists it round her

waist so that the belt of her quiver passes across
it. (See woodcut.) Among the Romans the

Chlamys. (NeptUM from a Coin, and Diana from a
Statue in the Vatican.)

scarf came more into use under the empe-
rors. Caligula wore one enriched with gold.
Severus, when he was in the country or on
an expedition, wore a scarf dyed with the
coccus.

CIIOEXIX (x°"''f), a Greek measure of
capacity, the ze of which is differently
given ; it was probably of different sizes in
the several states. Some writers make it
equal to three cotylae (nearly lj pints Eng-
lish) ; others to four cotylae (nearly 2 pints
English) ; others again make it eight cotylae
(nearly 4 pints English).

CHOREGUS (xopTyos), a person who had
to bear the expenses of the chorogia (x°P7)Vla)i
one of the regularly recurring state burthens
(ey/cvicWi AeiTovp-yuu) at Athens. The cho-
regus was appointed by his tribe,'though we
are not informed according to what order.
The same person might serve as choregus for
two tribes at once; and after b.c. 412 a de-
cree was passed allowing two persons to unite
and undertake a choregia together. The du-
ties of the choregia consisted in providing
the choruses for tragedies and comedies, the
lyric choruses of men and boys, the pyrrhi-
cists, the cyclic choruses, and the choruses of
flute-players for the different religious festi-
vals at Athens. When a poet intended to
bring out a play, he had to get a chorus as-
signed him by the archon [Chorus], who
nominated a choregus to fulfil the requisite
duties. He had first to collect his chorus,
and then to procure a teacher (\opoSi6ao-KaAos),
whom he paid for instructing the choreutae.
The chorus were generally maintained, during
the period of their instruction, at the expense
of the choregus. The choregus who exhi-