DOMUS.
141
DOMUS.
lerics and libraries, and sometimes store-
rooms ; and in the arrangement of these
apartments attention was paid to their aspect.
The peristyle of the andronitis was connected
with that of the gynaeconitis by a door called
(ie'ravAo;, /u,e'oavAo9, or p-ecraiiAios, -which was
in the middle of the portico of the peristyle
opposite to the entrance. By means of this
door all communication between the andro-
nitis and gynaeconitis could be shut off.
Accordingly Xcnophon calls it 6vpa jSaAaywros.
Its name Mco'avAos is evidently derived from
fie'<ro9, and means the door between the two
avKai or peristyles. This door gave admit-
tance to the peristyle of the gynaeconitis,
which differed from that of the andronitis in
having porticoes round only three of its sides.
On the fourth side were placed two antae
[Antae], at a considerable distance from each
other. A third of the distance between these
antae was set off inwards, thus forming a
chamber or vestibule, which was called n-pocr-
rds, 7rapacrTas, and 7rpdi5po/uos. On the right
K
(X-
Grourid-plan of a Greek House.
»*, Houae-door, auAeioe. Ovpa : 6vp, passage, Ovpw
peiov or Ovpuu : A, peristyle, or avkq of the andro-
nitis; 0, the halls and chambers of the andronitis ; ^L,
fle'rauAo? or p-erjauAoc Ovpa : V, peristyle of the
gynaeconitis; y, chambers of tlie gynaeconitis; IT,
7rpocrTas or 7rapacrTas : 0, 0aAap.os and ap.if>t.Oa-
Aa/AOS : I, rooms for working in wool (iaTUJl/es) ; K,
garden-door, KrjTTaLO. Ovpa.,
and left of this 7rpooras were two bed cham-
bers, the 9d\ap.o<; and dpL(piOa\ap.oi, of which
the former was the principal bed-chamber of
the house, and here also seem to have been
kept the vases, and other valuable articles of
ornament. Beyond these rooms were large
apartments (ienWes) used for working in
wool. Bound the peristyle were the eating-
rooms, bed-chambers, store-rooms, and other
apartments in common use. Besides the
avAeios Ovpa and the ne'crauAos rWpa, there was
a third door (/cr)7rat'a Ovpa) leading to the
garden. The preceding is a conjectural plan
of the ground-floor of a Greek house of the
larger size. There was usually, though not
always, an upper story (u7rep<5o>', cUrjpes),
which seldom extended over the whole space
occupied by the lowei story. The principal
use of the upper story was for the lodging
of the slaves. The access to the upper
floor seems to have been sometimes by stairs
on the outside of the house, leading up from
the street. Guests were also lodged in the
upper story. But in some large houses
there were rooms set apart for their recep-
tion (fetwes) on the ground-floor. The roofs
were generally flat, and it was customary to
walk about upon them. In the interior of
the house the place of doors was sometimes
supplied by curtains (■n-apaTveTaa-fiaTa), which
were either plain, or dyed, or embroidered.
The principal openings for the admission of
light and air were in the roofs of the peri-
styles ; but it is incorrect to suppose that the
houses had no windows (Ovpi&es), or at least
none overlooking the street. The}- were not
at all uncommon. Artificial warmth was
procured partly by means of fire-places. It
is supposed that chimneys were altogether
unknown, and that the smoke escaped through
an opening in the roof {Kanvo&oK-q), but it is
not easy to understand how this could be
the case when there was an upper story.
Little portable Stoves (co-xapai, ecr^api6es) or
chafing-dishes (avOpdicia) were frequently
used. The houses of the wealthy in the
country, at least in Attica, were much larger
and more magnificent than those in the towns.
The latter seem to have been generally small
and plain, especially in earlier times, when
the Greeks preferred expending the resources
of art and wealth on their temples and public
buildings ; but the private houses became
more magnificent as the public buildings be-
gan to be neglected. The decorations of the
interior were very plain at the period to
which our description refers. The floors
were of stone. At a late period coloured
stones were used. Mosaics are first men-
tioned under the kings of Bergamus. The
walls, up to the 4th century b. c, seem to
141
DOMUS.
lerics and libraries, and sometimes store-
rooms ; and in the arrangement of these
apartments attention was paid to their aspect.
The peristyle of the andronitis was connected
with that of the gynaeconitis by a door called
(ie'ravAo;, /u,e'oavAo9, or p-ecraiiAios, -which was
in the middle of the portico of the peristyle
opposite to the entrance. By means of this
door all communication between the andro-
nitis and gynaeconitis could be shut off.
Accordingly Xcnophon calls it 6vpa jSaAaywros.
Its name Mco'avAos is evidently derived from
fie'<ro9, and means the door between the two
avKai or peristyles. This door gave admit-
tance to the peristyle of the gynaeconitis,
which differed from that of the andronitis in
having porticoes round only three of its sides.
On the fourth side were placed two antae
[Antae], at a considerable distance from each
other. A third of the distance between these
antae was set off inwards, thus forming a
chamber or vestibule, which was called n-pocr-
rds, 7rapacrTas, and 7rpdi5po/uos. On the right
K
(X-
Grourid-plan of a Greek House.
»*, Houae-door, auAeioe. Ovpa : 6vp, passage, Ovpw
peiov or Ovpuu : A, peristyle, or avkq of the andro-
nitis; 0, the halls and chambers of the andronitis ; ^L,
fle'rauAo? or p-erjauAoc Ovpa : V, peristyle of the
gynaeconitis; y, chambers of tlie gynaeconitis; IT,
7rpocrTas or 7rapacrTas : 0, 0aAap.os and ap.if>t.Oa-
Aa/AOS : I, rooms for working in wool (iaTUJl/es) ; K,
garden-door, KrjTTaLO. Ovpa.,
and left of this 7rpooras were two bed cham-
bers, the 9d\ap.o<; and dpL(piOa\ap.oi, of which
the former was the principal bed-chamber of
the house, and here also seem to have been
kept the vases, and other valuable articles of
ornament. Beyond these rooms were large
apartments (ienWes) used for working in
wool. Bound the peristyle were the eating-
rooms, bed-chambers, store-rooms, and other
apartments in common use. Besides the
avAeios Ovpa and the ne'crauAos rWpa, there was
a third door (/cr)7rat'a Ovpa) leading to the
garden. The preceding is a conjectural plan
of the ground-floor of a Greek house of the
larger size. There was usually, though not
always, an upper story (u7rep<5o>', cUrjpes),
which seldom extended over the whole space
occupied by the lowei story. The principal
use of the upper story was for the lodging
of the slaves. The access to the upper
floor seems to have been sometimes by stairs
on the outside of the house, leading up from
the street. Guests were also lodged in the
upper story. But in some large houses
there were rooms set apart for their recep-
tion (fetwes) on the ground-floor. The roofs
were generally flat, and it was customary to
walk about upon them. In the interior of
the house the place of doors was sometimes
supplied by curtains (■n-apaTveTaa-fiaTa), which
were either plain, or dyed, or embroidered.
The principal openings for the admission of
light and air were in the roofs of the peri-
styles ; but it is incorrect to suppose that the
houses had no windows (Ovpi&es), or at least
none overlooking the street. The}- were not
at all uncommon. Artificial warmth was
procured partly by means of fire-places. It
is supposed that chimneys were altogether
unknown, and that the smoke escaped through
an opening in the roof {Kanvo&oK-q), but it is
not easy to understand how this could be
the case when there was an upper story.
Little portable Stoves (co-xapai, ecr^api6es) or
chafing-dishes (avOpdicia) were frequently
used. The houses of the wealthy in the
country, at least in Attica, were much larger
and more magnificent than those in the towns.
The latter seem to have been generally small
and plain, especially in earlier times, when
the Greeks preferred expending the resources
of art and wealth on their temples and public
buildings ; but the private houses became
more magnificent as the public buildings be-
gan to be neglected. The decorations of the
interior were very plain at the period to
which our description refers. The floors
were of stone. At a late period coloured
stones were used. Mosaics are first men-
tioned under the kings of Bergamus. The
walls, up to the 4th century b. c, seem to