Smith, William: A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities (London, 1871)

LEGES JULIAE.

230

LEX LAETORIA.

Lupus, b. c. 90. [Civitas ; Foederatae

ClVITATES.]

De Fenore, or rather De Fccuniis Mu-
tuis or Creditis (b. c. 47), passed in the time
of Julius Caesar. The object of it was to
make an arrangement between debtors and
creditors, for the satisfaction of the latter.
The possessioncs and res were to be estimated
at the value which they had before the civil
war, and to be surrendered to the creditors
at that value ; whatever had been paid for
interest was to be deducted from the prin-
cipal. The result was, that the creditor lost
about one-fourth of his debt ; but he escaped
the loss usually consequent on civil dis-
turbance, which would have been caused by
novae tabulae.

Judiciariae. [Judex.]

De Liberis Legationibus. [Legatus.]

De Majestate.' [Majestas.]

De Maritandis Ordinibus. [See below :
Julia et Papia Poppaea.]

MuNicirALis, commonly called the Table
of Ileraclea. In the year 1732 there were
found near the Gulf of Tarentum and in the
neighbourhood of the city of ancient Ile-
raclea, large fragments of a bronze table,
which contained on one side a Roman lex,
and on the other a Greek inscription. The
whole is now in the Museo Borbonieo at
Naples. The lex contains various provisions
as to the police of the city of Rome, and as
to the constitution of communities of Roman
citizens (miaiicij)ia, coloniac, praefeeturae,
fora, conciliabula civhm Romanorum). It
was accordingly a lex of that kind which is
called Satura. It was probably passed in
b. c. 45.

Julia et Papia Poppaea. Augustus ap-
pears to have caused a lex to be enacted
about b. c. 18, which is cited as the Lex Julia
tie Maritandis Ordinibus, and is referred to
in the Carmen Seculare of Horace, which was
written in the year b. c. 17. The object of
this lex was to regulate marriages, as to
which it contained numerous provisions ; but
it appears not to have come into operation
till the year b. c. 13. In the year a. d. 9,
and in the consulship of M. Papius Mutilus
and Q. Poppaeus Secundus (consules suffecti),
another lex was passed as a kind of amend-
ment and supplement to the former lex, and
hence arose the title of Lex Julia et Papia
Poppaea, by which this lex is often quoted.
The lex is often variously quoted, according
as reference is made to its various provisions ;
sometimes it is called Lex Julia, sometimes
Papia Poppaea, sometimes Lex Julia et Papia,
sometimes Lex de Maritandis Ordinibus,
from the chapter which treated of the mar-
riages of the senators, sometimes Lex Cadu-

earia, Decimaria, &c. from the various chaD-
ters. The Lex Julia forbade the marriage
of a senator or senator's children with a
libertina, with a woman whose father or
mother had followed an ars ludicra, and w.th
a prostitute ; and also the marriage of a
libertinus with a senator's daughter. In
order to promote marriage, various penalties
were imposed on those who lived in a state
of celibacy (caelibatus) after a certain age,
and various privileges were given to those
who had three or more children. A candi-
date for the public offices who had several
children was preferred to one who had fewer.
After the passing of this lex, it became usual
for the senate, and afterwards the emperor
(princeps), to give occasionally, as a privilege
to certain persons who had not children, the
same advantage that the lex secured to those
who had children. This was called the Jus
Liberorum, and sometimes the Jus trium
Liberorum.

Peculatus, cited in the Digest, related to
sacrilege as well as peculatus.

Julia et Plautia, respecting stolen things.
Julia Papiria. [Papiria.]
De Provinciis. [Provinciae.]
Repetuxdarum. [Repetuxdae.]
Sacrilegis. [See above: Julia Peculatus.j

sumptuariae. [leges SuMPTUARIAE.]

Theatralis, which permitted Roman
equites, in case they or their parents had
ever had a census equestris, to sit in the
fourteen rows {quatuordceim ordincs) fixed
by the Lex Roseia Theatralis, b. c. 69.

Julia et Titia, respecting Tutors.

De Vi Publica and Privata. [Vis.]

Yicesimaria. [Vicesima.]

JUNIA DE rEREGRINIS, proposed b. c.
126, by M. Junius Pennus, a tribune, ba-
nished peregrini from the city. A lex of C.
Fannius, consul b. c. 122, contained the same
provisions respecting the Latini and Italici;
and a lex of C. Papius, perhaps b. c. 65, con-
tained the same respecting all persons who
were not domiciled in Italy.

JUNIA LIC1NIA. [Licixia Junia.]

JUNIA NORBANA, of uncertain date, but
probably about a. d. 17, enacted that when
a Roman citizen had manumitted a slave
without the requisite formalities, the manu-
mission should not in all cases be ineffectual,
but the manumitted person should have the
status of a Latinus.

JUNIA REPETUNDARUM. [Repetun-

dae.]

LAETORIA, the false name of the Lex
Plaetoria. [Curator.] Sometimes the lex
proposed by Volero for electing plebeian ma-
gistrates at the comitia tributa is cited as a
Lex Laetoria.