DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.13855#0300
PES.
292
PHAROS.
the same manner as the Armilla, the Ton-
auEs, the hasta pura [Hasta], and the crown
of gold [Corona], in order to make a public
and permanent acknowledgment of bravery
and merit.
PHARETRA (<papeVpa), a quiver, was prin-
cipally made of hide or leather, and was
adorned with gold, painting, and braiding.
It had a lid (Va)p.a), and was suspended from
the right shoulder by a belt, passing over the
breast and behind the back. Its most com-
mon position was on the left hip, and is so
seen in the annexed figures, the right-hand
one representing an Amazon, and the left-
hand an Asiatic archer.
Pharrtrae, Quiver*. (Left-hand figure from the Aeginetan
Marbles ; right-hand figure from a Greek Vase.)
like the masks of modern times, only the
face, but they appear more generally to have
covered the whole head down to the shoulders,
for we always find the hair belonging to a
mask described as being a part of it ; and
this must have been the case in tragedy more
especially, as it was necessary to make the
head correspond to the stature of an actor,
which was heightened by the cothurnus.
PES (toCs), a foot, the standard measure
of length among the Greeks and Romans, as
well as among nearly all other nations, both
ancient and modern. The Romans applied
the uncial division [As] to the foot, which
thus contained 12 unciae, whence our inches ;
and many of the words used to express cer-
tain numbers of unciae are applied to the
parts of the foot. It was also divided into 16
dii/iti (finger-breadths) : this mode of division
ivas used especially by architects and land-
surveyors, and is found on all the foot-
measures that have come down to us. From
the analogy of the as, we have also dupondium
for 2 feet, and pes sestertius for 2j feet. The
probable value of the Roman foot is 11.0496
inches English. (See Tables at the end.
PESSI. [Latrunculi.]
PESSULTJS. [Jan-ita.]
PETALISMUS. [Exsilium.]
PETASUS. [Pileus.]
PETITOR. [Actor.]
PETAURISTAE. [Petal-rum.]
PETAURUM (-Ke.Ta.vpov, neTevpov), used in
the Roman games, seems to have been a
board moving up and down, with a person at
each end, and supported in the middle, some-
thing like our see-saw ; only it appears to
have been much longer, and consequently
went to a greater height than is common
amongst us. The persons who took part in
this game, were called Petaitristae or Petau-
rittarU.
PETORRITUM, a four-wheeled carriage,
which, like the Esskdum, was adopted by the
Romans in imitation of the Gauls. It differed
from the Harmamaxa in being uncovered.
Its name is compounded of petor, four, and
rit, a wheel.
PHALANX. [Exercitvs.]
PHALARICA. [Hasta.]
PIIALERAE (<paAapoi>), a boss, disc, or
crescent of metal, in many cases of gold, and
beautifully wrought so as to be highly prized.
They were usually worn in pairs ; and we
most commonly read of them as ornaments
attached to the harness of horses, especially
about the head, and often worn as .pendants
(pensilia), so as to produce a terrific effect
when shaken by the rapid motions of the
horse. These ornaments were often bestowed
upon horsemen by the Roman generals, in
PHARMAC5N GRAPHE f>ipfuix<ov or
<papu.aKet'a; ypa^rj), an indictment at Athens
against one who caused the death of another
by poison, whether given with intent to kill
or to obtain undue influence. It was tried
by the court of Areiopagus.
' PHAROS or PHARUS (<f>apos), a aght-
house. The most celebrated light-house of
antiquity was that situated at the entrance
to the port of Alexandria, on an island which
bore the name of Pharos. It contained many
stories, and the upper stories had windows
looking seawards, and torches or fires were
kept burning in them by night in order to
guide vessels into the harbour. The name
of Pharos was given to other light-houses, in
292
PHAROS.
the same manner as the Armilla, the Ton-
auEs, the hasta pura [Hasta], and the crown
of gold [Corona], in order to make a public
and permanent acknowledgment of bravery
and merit.
PHARETRA (<papeVpa), a quiver, was prin-
cipally made of hide or leather, and was
adorned with gold, painting, and braiding.
It had a lid (Va)p.a), and was suspended from
the right shoulder by a belt, passing over the
breast and behind the back. Its most com-
mon position was on the left hip, and is so
seen in the annexed figures, the right-hand
one representing an Amazon, and the left-
hand an Asiatic archer.
Pharrtrae, Quiver*. (Left-hand figure from the Aeginetan
Marbles ; right-hand figure from a Greek Vase.)
like the masks of modern times, only the
face, but they appear more generally to have
covered the whole head down to the shoulders,
for we always find the hair belonging to a
mask described as being a part of it ; and
this must have been the case in tragedy more
especially, as it was necessary to make the
head correspond to the stature of an actor,
which was heightened by the cothurnus.
PES (toCs), a foot, the standard measure
of length among the Greeks and Romans, as
well as among nearly all other nations, both
ancient and modern. The Romans applied
the uncial division [As] to the foot, which
thus contained 12 unciae, whence our inches ;
and many of the words used to express cer-
tain numbers of unciae are applied to the
parts of the foot. It was also divided into 16
dii/iti (finger-breadths) : this mode of division
ivas used especially by architects and land-
surveyors, and is found on all the foot-
measures that have come down to us. From
the analogy of the as, we have also dupondium
for 2 feet, and pes sestertius for 2j feet. The
probable value of the Roman foot is 11.0496
inches English. (See Tables at the end.
PESSI. [Latrunculi.]
PESSULTJS. [Jan-ita.]
PETALISMUS. [Exsilium.]
PETASUS. [Pileus.]
PETITOR. [Actor.]
PETAURISTAE. [Petal-rum.]
PETAURUM (-Ke.Ta.vpov, neTevpov), used in
the Roman games, seems to have been a
board moving up and down, with a person at
each end, and supported in the middle, some-
thing like our see-saw ; only it appears to
have been much longer, and consequently
went to a greater height than is common
amongst us. The persons who took part in
this game, were called Petaitristae or Petau-
rittarU.
PETORRITUM, a four-wheeled carriage,
which, like the Esskdum, was adopted by the
Romans in imitation of the Gauls. It differed
from the Harmamaxa in being uncovered.
Its name is compounded of petor, four, and
rit, a wheel.
PHALANX. [Exercitvs.]
PHALARICA. [Hasta.]
PIIALERAE (<paAapoi>), a boss, disc, or
crescent of metal, in many cases of gold, and
beautifully wrought so as to be highly prized.
They were usually worn in pairs ; and we
most commonly read of them as ornaments
attached to the harness of horses, especially
about the head, and often worn as .pendants
(pensilia), so as to produce a terrific effect
when shaken by the rapid motions of the
horse. These ornaments were often bestowed
upon horsemen by the Roman generals, in
PHARMAC5N GRAPHE f>ipfuix<ov or
<papu.aKet'a; ypa^rj), an indictment at Athens
against one who caused the death of another
by poison, whether given with intent to kill
or to obtain undue influence. It was tried
by the court of Areiopagus.
' PHAROS or PHARUS (<f>apos), a aght-
house. The most celebrated light-house of
antiquity was that situated at the entrance
to the port of Alexandria, on an island which
bore the name of Pharos. It contained many
stories, and the upper stories had windows
looking seawards, and torches or fires were
kept burning in them by night in order to
guide vessels into the harbour. The name
of Pharos was given to other light-houses, in