DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.13855#0363
STRATEGUS.
355
SUFFRAGIUM.
and was fastened round the body by a girdle,
leaving1 above the breast broad folds. The
tunic did not reach much below the knee,
but the essential distinction between the tunic
and stola seems to have been that the latter
always had an instita or flounce sewed to
the bottom and reaching to the instep. Over
the stola the palla or pallium was worn
[Pallium], as we see in the cut annexed.
The stola was the characteristic dress of the
Roman matrons, as the toga was of the
Roman men. Hence the meretrices were
not allowed to wear it, but only a dark-
coloured toga ; and accordingly Horace speaks
of the matrona in contradistinction to the
togata. For the same reason, women who
had been divorced from their husbands on
account of adultery, were not allowed to wear
the stola, but only the toga.
Stola, female dress. (Museo liorbonico, vol. 111. tav. 370
STRATEGUS (o-rpa-nryos), general. This
office and title seems to have been more
especially peculiar to the democratic states
of ancient Greece : we read of them, for
instance, at Athens, Tarentum, Syracuse,
Argos, and Thurii; and when the tyrants of
the Ionian cities in Asia Minor were deposed
by Aristagoras, he established strategi in
their room, to act as chief magistrates. The
strategi at Athens were instituted after the
remodelling of the constitution by Clisthenes,
to discharge the duties which had in former
times been performed either by the king or
the archon polemarchus. They were ten in
■number, one for each of the ten tribes, and
chosen by the suffrages (xe'poTovta) of the
people. Before entering on their duties they
were required to submit to a docimasia, or
examination of their character; and no one
was eligible to the office unless he had legiti-
mate children, and was possessed of landed
property in Attica. They were, as their name
denotes, entrusted with the command on mili-
tary expeditions, with the superintendence of
all warlike preparations, and with the regu-
lation of all matters in any way connected
with the war department of the state. They
levied and enlisted the soldiers, either per-
sonally or with the assistance of the taxiarchs.
They were entrusted with the collection and
management of the property taxes (e£cr<£opcu)
raised for the purposes of war ; and also pre-
sided over the courts of justice in which any
disputes connected with this subject or the
trierarchy were decided. They nominated
from year to year persons to serve as
trierarchs. They had the power of con-
vening extraordinary assemblies of the people
in cases of emergency. But their most im-
portant trust was the command in war, and
it depended upon circumstances to how many
of the number it was given. At Marathon
all the ten were present, and the chief com-
mand came to each of them in turn. The
archon polemarchus also was there associated
with them, and, according to the ancient
custom, his vote in a council of war was
equal to that of any of the generals. Usually,
however, three only were sent out; one of
these (tpi'to? aiiTos) was considered as the
commander-in-chief, but his colleagues had
an equal voice in a council of war. The
military chiefs of the Aetolian and Achaean
leagues were also called strategi. The
Achaean strategi had the power of convening
a general assembly of the league on extra-
ordinary occasions. Greek writers on Ro-
man affairs give the name of strategi to the
praetors.
STREXA, a present given on a festive
day, and for the sake of good omen. It was
chiefly applied to a new year's gift, to a
present made on the calends of January. In
accordance with a senatusconsultum, new
year's gifts had to be presented to Augustus
in the Capitol, even when he was absent.
STRIG1L. [Balneum.]
STROPHIUM (rouvia, tclivl&iov, a7rd6eo"-
nos), a girdle or belt worn by women round
the breast and over the inner tunic or che-
mise. It appears to have been usually made
of leather.
STUPRUM. [Adtotkbium.]
SUBSIGXAXI, privileged soldiers in the
time of the empire, who fought under a
standard by themselves, and did not form
part of the legion. They seem to have been
the same as the vexillarii.
SUFFRAGIA SEX. [Equites.]
SUFFRAG1UM, a vote. At Athens the
voting in the popular assemblies and the
courts of justice was either by show of hands
2 a 2
355
SUFFRAGIUM.
and was fastened round the body by a girdle,
leaving1 above the breast broad folds. The
tunic did not reach much below the knee,
but the essential distinction between the tunic
and stola seems to have been that the latter
always had an instita or flounce sewed to
the bottom and reaching to the instep. Over
the stola the palla or pallium was worn
[Pallium], as we see in the cut annexed.
The stola was the characteristic dress of the
Roman matrons, as the toga was of the
Roman men. Hence the meretrices were
not allowed to wear it, but only a dark-
coloured toga ; and accordingly Horace speaks
of the matrona in contradistinction to the
togata. For the same reason, women who
had been divorced from their husbands on
account of adultery, were not allowed to wear
the stola, but only the toga.
Stola, female dress. (Museo liorbonico, vol. 111. tav. 370
STRATEGUS (o-rpa-nryos), general. This
office and title seems to have been more
especially peculiar to the democratic states
of ancient Greece : we read of them, for
instance, at Athens, Tarentum, Syracuse,
Argos, and Thurii; and when the tyrants of
the Ionian cities in Asia Minor were deposed
by Aristagoras, he established strategi in
their room, to act as chief magistrates. The
strategi at Athens were instituted after the
remodelling of the constitution by Clisthenes,
to discharge the duties which had in former
times been performed either by the king or
the archon polemarchus. They were ten in
■number, one for each of the ten tribes, and
chosen by the suffrages (xe'poTovta) of the
people. Before entering on their duties they
were required to submit to a docimasia, or
examination of their character; and no one
was eligible to the office unless he had legiti-
mate children, and was possessed of landed
property in Attica. They were, as their name
denotes, entrusted with the command on mili-
tary expeditions, with the superintendence of
all warlike preparations, and with the regu-
lation of all matters in any way connected
with the war department of the state. They
levied and enlisted the soldiers, either per-
sonally or with the assistance of the taxiarchs.
They were entrusted with the collection and
management of the property taxes (e£cr<£opcu)
raised for the purposes of war ; and also pre-
sided over the courts of justice in which any
disputes connected with this subject or the
trierarchy were decided. They nominated
from year to year persons to serve as
trierarchs. They had the power of con-
vening extraordinary assemblies of the people
in cases of emergency. But their most im-
portant trust was the command in war, and
it depended upon circumstances to how many
of the number it was given. At Marathon
all the ten were present, and the chief com-
mand came to each of them in turn. The
archon polemarchus also was there associated
with them, and, according to the ancient
custom, his vote in a council of war was
equal to that of any of the generals. Usually,
however, three only were sent out; one of
these (tpi'to? aiiTos) was considered as the
commander-in-chief, but his colleagues had
an equal voice in a council of war. The
military chiefs of the Aetolian and Achaean
leagues were also called strategi. The
Achaean strategi had the power of convening
a general assembly of the league on extra-
ordinary occasions. Greek writers on Ro-
man affairs give the name of strategi to the
praetors.
STREXA, a present given on a festive
day, and for the sake of good omen. It was
chiefly applied to a new year's gift, to a
present made on the calends of January. In
accordance with a senatusconsultum, new
year's gifts had to be presented to Augustus
in the Capitol, even when he was absent.
STRIG1L. [Balneum.]
STROPHIUM (rouvia, tclivl&iov, a7rd6eo"-
nos), a girdle or belt worn by women round
the breast and over the inner tunic or che-
mise. It appears to have been usually made
of leather.
STUPRUM. [Adtotkbium.]
SUBSIGXAXI, privileged soldiers in the
time of the empire, who fought under a
standard by themselves, and did not form
part of the legion. They seem to have been
the same as the vexillarii.
SUFFRAGIA SEX. [Equites.]
SUFFRAG1UM, a vote. At Athens the
voting in the popular assemblies and the
courts of justice was either by show of hands
2 a 2