Smith, William: A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities (London, 1871)

TAXIARCHI.

363

TELA.

revenue, receiving their funds from him,
and then distributing them in their re-
spective departments. Such were the Tpiijpo-
7roiot, Teix07roiot, b&o—OLol, Ta<£po7roi<h, en"ep.e-
KrjTal vewpiwv, who received through their
own tamiae such sums as they required from
time to time for the prosecution of their
works. The payment of the judicial fees
was made by the Colacretac (/cwAaicpeYai.),
which, and the providing for the meals in
the Prytanciuin, were the only duties that
remained to them after the establishment of
the apodectae by Cleisthenes. The tamiae
of the sacred vessels (rijs HapaXoy and tjjs
SaAajuiptas) acted not only as treasurers, but
as trierarchs, the expenses (amounting for
the two ships together to about sixteen ta-
lents) being provided by the state. They
were elected by vote. Other trierarchs had
their own private tamiae.—The war fund at
Athens (independently of the tribute) was
provided from two sources : first, the pro-
perty-tax (etcr^opa), and secondly, the sur-
plus of the yearly revenue, which remained
after defraying the expenses of the civil
administration. Of the ten strategi, who
were annually elected to preside over the
war department, one was called orpa/nj-ybs 6
(=7n. ri}5 6ioi/o;crew5, to whom the management
of the war fund was entrusted. He had
under him a treasurer, called the Ta/xi'a; t&v
o-rpaTKUT-iKui/, who gave out the pay of the
troops, and defrayed all other expenses inci-
dent to the service. So much of the surplus
revenue as was not required for the pur-
poses of war, was to be paid by the treasurer
of the revenue into the theorie fund ; of
which, after the archonship of Euclides,
special managers were created. [Theoiuca.]
—Lastly, we have to notice the treasurers of
the demi (Svjp.ioi> ra^iat), and those of the
tribes (<frv\wv Tafit'ai), who had the care of
the funds belonging to their respective com-
munities, and performed duties analogous
to those of the state treasurers. The demi,
as well as the tribes, had their common lands,
which were usually let to farm. The rents of
these formed the principal part of their revenue.

TAXIARCHI (ra|<.'apxoO, military officers
at Athens, next in rank to the strategi.
They were ten in number, like the strategi,
one for each tribe, and were elected by vote
(xeipoT<Wa). In war each commanded the
infantry of his own tribe, and they were fre-
quently called to assist the strategi with their
advice at the war-council. In peace the}'
assisted the strategi in levying and enlisting
soldiers, and seem to have also assisted the
strategi in the discharge of many of their
other duties. The taxiarchs were so called
from their commanding taxeis (rafei;), which

were the principal divisions of the hoplite*
in the Athenian army. Each tribe ($vAjjj
formed a taxis. As there were ten tribes,
there were consequently in a complete Athe-
nian army ten taxeis, but the number of men
contained in each would of course vary ac-
cording to the importance of the war. Among
the other Greeks, the taxis was the name of
a much smaller division of troops. The
lochus (Adxos) among the Athenians was a
subdivision of the taxis, and the lochagi
(Aoxayoi) were probably appointed by the
taxiarchs.

TEGULA (/ce'pa/u.05, dim, Kepajxi's), a roofing-
tile. Roofing-tiles were originally made,
like bricks, of baked clay (yijs <WT>js). Byzes
of Naxos first introduced tiles of marble
about the year 620 b. c. A still more ex-
pensive and magnificent method of roofing
consisted in the use of tiles made of bronze
and gilt. At Rome the houses were origin-
ally roofed with shingles, and continued to
be so down to the time of the war with
Pyrrhus, when tiles began to supersede the
old roofing material.

TEICIRJPOII (.nixoTToioCX magistrates at
Athens, whose business it was to build and
keep in repair the public walls. They ap-
pear to have been elected by vote (xelP°-
Tovia), one from each tribe, and probably
for a year. Funds were put at their dis-
posal, for which they had their treasurer
(Yap.i'a;) dependent on the treasurer of the
revenue. They were liable to render an
account (euSiin;) of their management of
these funds, and also of their general con-
duct, like other magistrates. This office
has been invested with peculiar interest in
modern times, on account of its having been
held by Demosthenes, and its having given
occasion to the famous prosecution of Ctesi-
phon, who proposed that Demosthenes should
receive the honour of a crown before he had
rendered his account according to law.

TELA (tcn-ds), a loom. Although weav-
ing was among the Greeks and Romans a
distinct trade, carried on by a separate class
of persons (yfyivrai, textores and textrices,
lintcones), yet every considerable domestic
establishment, especially in the country, con-
tained a loom, together with the whole appa-
ratus necessary for the working of wool
(lanificium, TaAac7ia, TaAacn.oupyui). [Cala-
thus.] These occupations were all supposed
to be carried on under the protection of
Athena or Minerva, specially denominated
Ergane ('Epyanj). When the farm or the
palace was sufficiently large to admit of it, a
portion of it called the histon (iariov) or tex-
trinum was devoted to this purpose. The
work was there principally carried on by