Smith, William: A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities (London, 1871)

THESMOTHETAE.

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TIBIA.

THESMOTHETAE. [Archo.n.]
TIIETES. [Census.]

THOLOS (fbAos, also called cr/ctas), a name
given to any round building which termi-
nated at the top in a point, whatever might
be the purpose for which it was used. At
Athens the name was in particular applied
to the new round prytaneium near the senate-
house, which should not be confounded with
the old prytaneium at the foot of the acro-
polis. It was therefore the place in which
the prytanes took their common mtals and
offered their sacrifices. It was adorned with
some small silver statues, and near it stood
the ten statues of the Attic Eponymi.

THORAX. [Loeica.]

THRACES. [Gladiatores.]

THRANITAE. [Navis.]

THRONUS (flpdVos), a throne, is a Greek
word, for which the proper Latin term is
Solium. This did not differ from a chair
(Ka0iSpa) [Cathedra; Sella] except in being
higher, larger, and in all respects more mag-
nificent. On account of its elevation it was
always necessarily accompanied by a foot-
stool (subsellium, vttottoSiov, Bpdvwv). The
accompanying cut shows two gilded thrones
with cushions and drapery, intended to be.
the thrones of Mars and Venus, which is ex-
pressed by the helmet on the one and the
dove on the other.

Throni. (From ;in ancient Painting.)

The fabulous history of Bacchus relates that
he converted the thyrsi carried by himself
and his followers into dangerous weapons,
by concealing an iron point in the head of
the leaves. Hence his thyrsus is called
" a spear enveloped in vine-leaves," and its
point was thought to incite to madness.

TIARA or TIARAS (napo. or napa; : Att.
Kup/3acri'a), a hat with a large high crown.

Tiara. (From a Coin in the British Museum.)

This was the head-dress which characterised
the north-western Asiatics, and more espe-
cially the Armenians, Parthians, and Per-
sians, as distinguished from the Greeks and
Romans, whose hats fitted the head, or had
only a low crown. The king of Persia wore
an erect tiara, whilst those of his subjects
were soft and flexible, falling on one side.
The Persian name for this regal head-dress
was ddaris.

T:ara. (From a Coin in the British Museum.)

TlPIA (auAds), a pipe, the commonest mu-
sical instrumeiit of the Greeks and Romans. It
was very frequently a hollow cane, perforated
with holes in the proper places. In other
instances it was made of some kind of wood,
especially box, and was bored with a gimblet.
When a single pipe was used by itself, the
performer upon it, as well as the instrument,
was called monaulos. Among the varieties
of the single pipe the most remarkable were
the bagpipe, the performer on which was
called utricularius or aaKavA-q*; • and the
auAo; 7rA<ryi05 or JrAayi'auAos, which, as its
name implies, had a mouth-piece inserted
into it at right angles. Pan was the reputed
inventor of this kind of tibia as well as of

THYMELE. [Theatrum.]

THYRSUS (SOpo-os), a pole carried by
Bacchus, and by Satyrs, Maenades, and
others who engaged in Bacchic festivities
and rites. [Dionysia.] It was sometimes
terminated by the apple of the pine, or fir-
cone, that tree (Veiiio)) being dedicated to
Bacchus in consequence of the use of the
turpentine which flowed from it, and also
of its cones, in making wine. The monu-
ments of ancient art, however, most com-
monly exhibit, instead of the pine-apple, a
bunch of vine or ivy-leaves, with grapes or
berries, arranged into the form of a cone.