Smith, William: A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities (London, 1871)

TUNICA.

401

TUNICA.

against Aegina, because there were no buckles
or clasps required in the Ionic dress. The
preceding cut represents the Muse Thalia
wearing an Ionic chiton. The peplum has
fallen off her shoulders, and is held up by
the left hand. Both kinds of dress were fas-
tened round the middle with a girdle, and as
the Ionic chiton was usually longer than the
body, part of it was drawn up so that the
dress might not reach farther than the feet,
and the part which was so drawn up over-
hung or overlapped the girdle, and was called
»cdA7ro5.—There was a peculiar kind of dress,
which seems to have been a species of
double chiton, called Diplois (SurAois), Di-
pJoidion (&lit\oi&iov), and Hcmidiploidion ftju-
SlttXolSlov). It appears not to have been a
separate article of dress, but merely the
upper part of the cloth forming the chiton,
which was larger than was required for the
ordinary chiton, and was therefore thrown
over the front and back. The following cuts
will give a clearer idea of the form of this
garment than any description. Since the

Diploidia, double Chitons. (Museo Borbonico, vol ii.
tav. 4, 6.)

Uiploidion was fastened over the shoulders
by means of buckles or clasps, it was called
Epomis (e-oju-i?), which is supposed by some
writers to have been only the end of the gar-
ment fastened on the shoulder. The chiton
was worn by men next their skin ; but
females were accustomed to wear a chemise
(xiTwior) under their chiton. It was the
practice among most of the Greeks to wear
an himation, or outer garment, over the
chiton, but frequently the chiton was worn
alone. A person who wore only a chiton
was called ixovoxituv (oioxnw in Homer), an
epithet given to the Spartan virgins. In the
sains way, a person who wore only an hima-

tion, or outer garment, was called axuw.
The Athenian youths, in the earlier times,
wore only the chiton, and when it became
the fashion, in the Peloponnesian war, to
wear an outer garment over it, it was re-
garded as a mark of effeminacy.—(2) Ro-
man. The Tunica of the Romans, like the
Greek chiton, was a woollen under garment,
over which the toga was worn. It was the
Indumentum or lndutus, as opposed to the
Amictus, the general term for the toga, pal-
lium, or any other outer garment. [Amic-
tus.] The Romans are said to have had no
other clothing originally but the toga ; and
when the tunic was first introduced, it was
merely a short garment without sleeves, and
was called Colobium. It was considered a
mark of effeminacy for men to wear tunics
with long sleeves [municatae) and reaching
to the feet (talares). The tunic was girded
[cincta) with a belt or girdle around the
waist, but it was usually worn loose, without
being girded, when a person was at home,
or wished to be at his ease. Hence we find
the terms cinctus, praecinctus, and succinctus,
applied, like the Greek ev^uivos, to an active
and diligent person, and distinct us to one
who was idle or dissolute. The form of the
tunic, as worn by men, is represented in
many woodcuts in this work. In works of
art it usually terminates a little above the
knee ; it has short sleeves, covering only the
upper part of the arm, and is girded at the
waist: the sleeves sometimes, though less fre-
quently, extend to the hands.— Both sexes at
Rome usually wore two tunics, an outer and an
under, the latter of which was worn next the
skin, and corresponds to our shirt and chemise.
The under tunics were called Subucula and In-
dusium, the former of which is supposed to be
the name of the under tunic of the men, and
the latter of that of the women : but this is
not certain. The word Interula was of later
origin, and seems to have been applied
equally to the under tunic of both sexes. It
is doubtful whether the Supparus or Sup-
parum was an outer or an under garment.
Persons sometimes wore several tunics, as a
protection against cold : Augustus wore four
in the winter, besides a subucula. As the
dress of a -nan usually consisted of an under
tunic, an outer tunic, and the toga, so that
of a woman, in like manner, consisted of an
under tunic, an outer tunic, and the palla.
The outer tunic of the Roman matron was
properly called stola [Stola], and is repre-
sented in the woodcut on p. 355 ; but the
annexed woodcut, which represents a Roman
empress in the character of Concordia, or
Abundantia, gives a better idea of its form.
Over the tunic or stola the palla is thiowu

2 d