DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.13855#0423
VICTORIATUS.
415
YIXEA.
city tribes of Servius Tullius were divided,
while the country regions, according to an
institution ascribed to Nuraa, were subdivided
into pagi. This division, together with that
of the four regions of the four city tribes,
remained down to the time of Augustus, who
made the vici subdivisions of the fourteen
regions into which he divided the city. In
this division each vicus consisted of one main
street, including several smaller by-streets;
their number was 424, and each was super-
intended by four officers, called vico-magistri,
who had a sort of local police, and who, ac-
cording to the regulation of Augustus, were
every year chosen by lot from among the
people who lived in the vicus. On certain
days, probably at the celebration of the com-
pitalia, they wore the praetexta, and each
of them was accompanied by two lictors.
These officers, however, were not a new in-
stitution of Augustus, for they had existed
during the time of the republic, and had had
the same functions as a police for the vici of
the Servian division of the city.
VICTORIATUS. [Denarius.]
VIGILES. [Exercitus, p. 171.]
V1GIL1AE. [Castra.]
VIGIXTISEXVIRI, twenty-six magistrates
minores, among whom were included the Tri-
umviri Capitales, the Triumviri Monetales,
the Quatuorviri Viarum Curandarum for the
city, the two Curatores Viarum for the roads
outside the city, the Decemviri Litibus
(stlitibus) Judicandis, and the four praefects
who were sent into Campania for the purpose
of administering justice there. Augustus
reduced the number of officers of this college
to twenty [vigintiviri), as the two curatores
viarum for the roads outside the city and the
four Campanian praefects were abolished.
Down to the time of Augustus the sons of
senators had generally sought and obtained
a place in the college of the vigintisexviri, it
being the first step towards the higher offices
of the republic; but in a. d. 13 a senatus-
consultum was passed, ordaining that only
equites should be eligible to the college of
the vigintiviri. The consequence of this was
that the vigintiviri had no seats in the
senate, unless they had held some other
magistracy which conferred this right upon
them. The age at which a person might
become a vigintivir appears to have been
twenty.
VIGIXTIVIRI. [Vigintisexviri.]
VILLA, a farm or country-house. The
Roman writers mention two kinds of villa,
the villa rustica or farm-house, and the villa
urbana or pseudo-urhana, a residence in the
country or in the suburbs of a town. When
both of these were attached to an estate they
were generally united in the same range of
buildings, but sometimes they were placed at
different parts of the estate. The interior
arrangements of the villa urbana corresponded
for the most part to those of a town-house.
[D omits.]
YILLICUS, a slave who had the super-
intendence of the villa rustica, and of all the
business of the farm, except the cattle, which
were under the care of the magister pecoris.
The word was also used to describe a person
to whom the management of any business
was entrusted.
VINALIA. There were two festivals of
this name celebrated by the Romans: the
Vinalia urbana or priora, and the Vinalia
rustica or altera. The vinalia urbana were
celebrated on the 23rd of April, when the
wine-casks which had been filled the pre-
ceding autumn were opened for the first time,
and the wine tasted. The rustic vinalia,
which fell on the 19th of August, and was
celebrated by the inhabitants of all Latium,
was the day on which the vintage was opened.
On this occasion the flamen dialis offered
lambs to Jupiter, and while the flesh of the
victims lay on the altar, he broke with his
own hands a bunch of grapes from a vine,
and by this act he, as it were, opened the
vintage, and no must was allowed to be con-
veyed into the city until this solemnity was
performed. This day was sacred to Jupiter,
and Venus too appears to have had a share
in it.
YIXDEMIALIS FERIA. [Feriae.]
VIXDEX. [Actio.]
VIX DICTA. [Manumissio.]
VIXEA, in its literal signification, is a
bower formed of the branches of vines ; and,
from the protection which such a leafy roof
affords, the name was applied by the Romans
to a roof under which the besiegers of a
town protected themselves against darts,
stones, fire, and the like, which were thrown
by the besieged upon the assailants. The
whole machine formed a roof, resting upon
posts eight feet in hcign;. The roof itself
was generally sixteen icet long and seven
broad. The wooden frame was in most cases
light, so that it could be carried by the
soldiers; sometimes, however, when the pur-
pose which it was to serve required great
strength, it was heavy, and then the whole
fabric probably was moved by wheels at-
tached to the posts. The roof was formed of
planks and wicker-work, and the uppermost
layer or layers consisted of raw hides or wet
cloth, as a protection against fire, by which
the besieged frequently destroyed the vineae.
The sides of a vinea were likewise protected
by wicker-work. Such machines were con-
415
YIXEA.
city tribes of Servius Tullius were divided,
while the country regions, according to an
institution ascribed to Nuraa, were subdivided
into pagi. This division, together with that
of the four regions of the four city tribes,
remained down to the time of Augustus, who
made the vici subdivisions of the fourteen
regions into which he divided the city. In
this division each vicus consisted of one main
street, including several smaller by-streets;
their number was 424, and each was super-
intended by four officers, called vico-magistri,
who had a sort of local police, and who, ac-
cording to the regulation of Augustus, were
every year chosen by lot from among the
people who lived in the vicus. On certain
days, probably at the celebration of the com-
pitalia, they wore the praetexta, and each
of them was accompanied by two lictors.
These officers, however, were not a new in-
stitution of Augustus, for they had existed
during the time of the republic, and had had
the same functions as a police for the vici of
the Servian division of the city.
VICTORIATUS. [Denarius.]
VIGILES. [Exercitus, p. 171.]
V1GIL1AE. [Castra.]
VIGIXTISEXVIRI, twenty-six magistrates
minores, among whom were included the Tri-
umviri Capitales, the Triumviri Monetales,
the Quatuorviri Viarum Curandarum for the
city, the two Curatores Viarum for the roads
outside the city, the Decemviri Litibus
(stlitibus) Judicandis, and the four praefects
who were sent into Campania for the purpose
of administering justice there. Augustus
reduced the number of officers of this college
to twenty [vigintiviri), as the two curatores
viarum for the roads outside the city and the
four Campanian praefects were abolished.
Down to the time of Augustus the sons of
senators had generally sought and obtained
a place in the college of the vigintisexviri, it
being the first step towards the higher offices
of the republic; but in a. d. 13 a senatus-
consultum was passed, ordaining that only
equites should be eligible to the college of
the vigintiviri. The consequence of this was
that the vigintiviri had no seats in the
senate, unless they had held some other
magistracy which conferred this right upon
them. The age at which a person might
become a vigintivir appears to have been
twenty.
VIGIXTIVIRI. [Vigintisexviri.]
VILLA, a farm or country-house. The
Roman writers mention two kinds of villa,
the villa rustica or farm-house, and the villa
urbana or pseudo-urhana, a residence in the
country or in the suburbs of a town. When
both of these were attached to an estate they
were generally united in the same range of
buildings, but sometimes they were placed at
different parts of the estate. The interior
arrangements of the villa urbana corresponded
for the most part to those of a town-house.
[D omits.]
YILLICUS, a slave who had the super-
intendence of the villa rustica, and of all the
business of the farm, except the cattle, which
were under the care of the magister pecoris.
The word was also used to describe a person
to whom the management of any business
was entrusted.
VINALIA. There were two festivals of
this name celebrated by the Romans: the
Vinalia urbana or priora, and the Vinalia
rustica or altera. The vinalia urbana were
celebrated on the 23rd of April, when the
wine-casks which had been filled the pre-
ceding autumn were opened for the first time,
and the wine tasted. The rustic vinalia,
which fell on the 19th of August, and was
celebrated by the inhabitants of all Latium,
was the day on which the vintage was opened.
On this occasion the flamen dialis offered
lambs to Jupiter, and while the flesh of the
victims lay on the altar, he broke with his
own hands a bunch of grapes from a vine,
and by this act he, as it were, opened the
vintage, and no must was allowed to be con-
veyed into the city until this solemnity was
performed. This day was sacred to Jupiter,
and Venus too appears to have had a share
in it.
YIXDEMIALIS FERIA. [Feriae.]
VIXDEX. [Actio.]
VIX DICTA. [Manumissio.]
VIXEA, in its literal signification, is a
bower formed of the branches of vines ; and,
from the protection which such a leafy roof
affords, the name was applied by the Romans
to a roof under which the besiegers of a
town protected themselves against darts,
stones, fire, and the like, which were thrown
by the besieged upon the assailants. The
whole machine formed a roof, resting upon
posts eight feet in hcign;. The roof itself
was generally sixteen icet long and seven
broad. The wooden frame was in most cases
light, so that it could be carried by the
soldiers; sometimes, however, when the pur-
pose which it was to serve required great
strength, it was heavy, and then the whole
fabric probably was moved by wheels at-
tached to the posts. The roof was formed of
planks and wicker-work, and the uppermost
layer or layers consisted of raw hides or wet
cloth, as a protection against fire, by which
the besieged frequently destroyed the vineae.
The sides of a vinea were likewise protected
by wicker-work. Such machines were con-