Smith, William: A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities (London, 1871)

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Smith, William
A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities — London, 1871

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https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.13855#0439

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A SERIES OF HISTORICAL CLASS BOOKS FOR … THE STUDENT'S MIDDLE AGES OF EUROPE. By … THE STUDENTS HISTORY OF FRANCE. From the … (1) The Republic. … THE STUDENT'S OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. From

THE STUDENT'S ENGLISH LANGUAGE. By GEORGE … THE STUDENT'S ELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY. By Sm … THE STUDENT'S MORAL PHILOSOPHY". With Quo- … MRS. MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From … STORIES FOR CHILDREN: selected from the History … A SMALLER HISTORY OF GREECE. With 74 Wood-

Schmutztitel

THE STUDENT'S HUME ; a History of England from the Invasion

Verlagsinformation

OF … CLASSICAL EXAMINEE IX THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, AND EDITOR OP THE … The right of Translation is reserved.

A COMPLETE LATIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Based on the

Titelblatt

A BACUS (ajSaf), denoted primarily a square I —"a crime committed by a very deep phi- … ACAENA (a/cat'n), a/caira, or in later Greek … ABOLLA, a cloak chiefly worn by sol- … A BACUS (ajSaf), denoted primarily a square I —"a crime committed by a very deep phi- … ACAENA (a/cat'n), a/caira, or in later Greek … ABOLLA, a cloak chiefly worn by sol-

to court; they preserved order in the courts … yon potest melius, &c. Under the empire the … — (2) A Roman measure of capacity, fluid

A.CHAICUM FOEDUS. The Achaean league … Tritaeeis (Tritaea). After the time of Hero- … Aratus persuaded all the more important … frequently happened that men of great merit … ACIXACES (aKii'd)o)9), a Persian sword,

the mode of wearing it, is illustrated by the … ACLIS, a kind of dart with a leathern … means any thing heard, was the name given … is sometimes used to designate the anagnostae. … a hill, rock, or some natural elevation, there … ACROTERIUM (aKpwnjpio»), signifies the … Patrum, contained an account of the various … They contained, 1. A list of births and

ACTIA (<x/cTta), a festival celebrated every … perhaps one of the earliest writers on law, … cording to the laws of the Twelve Tables, was … variation than the insertion of the names of … case of the defendant making default, con- … at law. The defendant might either deny

ft judex might be demanded. The forms of … A person might maintain or defend an action … deed we might conclude from the word itself. … seem to have been built in a lighter style … signify a bridle-way. … under the empire who were admitted to the … The senators called adlecti seem to have been … ADMISSlONALES, chamberlains at the im-

in the Latin writers in referring to a person … but females could be adopted (by testament … was transferred to the power of the person … paid to the gods in the following manner :—

with impunity; and the law was also the … The word adulterium properly signifies, in … probable that, by the old law or custom, if … ported by the Athenian state, who, on account … aid in any affair or business, as a witness for … AEDILES (ayopam/j-oi). The name of

by the owners or pulled down. The care of … to bare show, but comprehended objects of … thenceforward, at least so long as the office of

laie as the time of the emperor Gordian. The … have resembled the aediles of Rome. They … quently among the Greeks, the menial ser- … of the armour of Zeus, whom on this account

in the cut.) The later poets and artists … honour of Icarius and his daughter Erigone. … they lost the jushonorum and the suffragium. … AERARIUM (to S^iJ-otrLOf), the public trea-

AES (xo-Ako;), properly signifies a compound … rowed from the Roman bankers (argentariij, … and AES MILITARE, were the ancient terms … (orbi), provided the}' possessed a certain

Cyme and Chalcedon, it was the title borne … respect to such children, the step-father and … out to farm. 2. The land which was then

2. The hind which had previously served as … way the number of free labourers was dimi-

AGONALIA or AGOXIA, one of the most … the Grecian games who decided disputes, and … the staff which they carried as an emblem of … tionaries in most of the Grecian states, whose … AGRAULIA (aypowAia) was a festival cele-

los, the daughter of Cecrops. It was perhaps … a college established under the Roman empe- … however, occurred in the days of Plutarch. … a festival celebrated every year at Athens in … who were accustomed to travel through the … ter. The term seems to have been employed

speaks of golden alabastra. These vessels … in all probability identical with the chlamys.

courage them before battle, or on other occa- … in honour of Demeter and Dionysus, the in- … it was to keep order in the public games. … 6ia or dfxapuo-ia), a festival of Artemis Ama- … AMBITUS, which literally signifies " a … the elector, persons called interpretes were … for ten years. The Lex Cornelia Fulvia

a candidate promised [pronuntiavit) money … law could suppress, so long as the old popular … AMBROSIA (afx0poo-t'a), the food of the … AMICTUS. The verb amicire is commonly … e77tjSAr;p.a, and eTrt^dAatoc, TreptjSArj/LLa, and 7repi- … of neighbouring tribes, formed for the regu- … of these associations was of much greater … clearly of remote antiquity. It was originally … or Achaeans of Phthia, Malians, and Phocians;

tLo states belonging to each of these tribes … Athens, an Ionic city, was on a par with Ere- … that each of the tribes had only two votes, it … the property of the god, or be privy to or … swept from the face of the earth by Alex-mJer,

opposition. Indeed, a few years before the … ap.<pioi> ^p.ap), a family festival of the Athe- … was a place for the exhibition of public shows … of ground, and was capable of containing

instances at least, a sort of net-work affixed … of distinction, such as foreign ambassadors ; … Elevation of one side of the preceding Section.

priated to the senators and equites were … AMPULLA (ArjKveos, PouPvkic*;), a bottle,

the word was used by Horace to indicate grand … nection with the bath, since every Roman took … bian merchants, together with the articles to … was used to signify the pleadings preparatory

ANAGOGIA (avayu-yta), a festival cele- … ANDROGEONIA (dv5poyewi>ia), a festival … ipt-ov), a legal means by which the Athenians … of that state or city, as hostages, until satis- … ANGARIA (dyyapei'a, Hdt. dyyaprjioj'), a … pomum).—(1) The produce of the year in … ments, but as articles for use, as the ring … or were found guilty of a criminal offence,

in the workmanship of the engraver. The … in the East and in Greece. Some persons … at Home, the investigation of the facts of the … to make way for them through the crowd. … in architecture to cover the frieze (zophoriis) … ANTHESPHORIA \if0ea-<j>6pia), a flower- … the language of the Attie courts, peculiarly

charged to take the office in his stead, or … ANTYX (avTv£), the rim or border of any … sentatives (/cu'ptoi), before the assembled

as that of the father, was entered into the … celebrated in honour of Aphrodite, in a great … in the place of the ancient colacretae (xajAa- … APOGRAPHS (iTToypacM), literally, " a … APOLLONIA (an-oAAwna), the name of a … ferent, acceptations in the Attic dialect. In

arose in the East on the dismemberment of … or avaSiKLii.) Owing to the constitution of … It is to be observed also, that in general a … no appeal. On this Livy remarks, that the … signified first, any building or portion of a

from the hills which surround the Campagna.

and the water either ran directly through this … thority. They were attended outside the city … bathing, &c, into the female apartments. … a general term denoting any structure ele- … of certain kinds of leaves and flowers, which … and were called rerbenae. The altars con-

below its junction with the pole, was used to … ARCA (ki/3wtos). (l) A chest, in which

were buried, or the bier on which the corpse … public place belonging to the magistrates, but … tojhktj), architecture. The necessity for a … the term in its lower sense, would be required … Theatrum, Amphitheatrum. Lastly, the

sprung u]i in all the principal Greek cities ; … these various erections were adorned by the … this time, the Greco-Roman style had become

a good son, and qualified in point of property, … This archon had also the superintendence … quired that she should be a citizen of pure … been, in a great measure, transferred to the

application the Romans were enabled to exe-

sengers. Those actually made use of on the … of more durable materials. Stertinius is the … \ larger than the arch of Titus. As a specimen … The upper of the two figures below shows … covered with clay and smoothed with a roller. … and sphere of duty, that he may almost be … suppose that it was aristocratical, the mem-

formed the two councils, the senate and the … committed, but the guilty parties were not … to punish the impious and irreligious. Inde-

ARETALOGI, persons who amused the … property. The business of the argentarii may … thorised by him in person or receiving a … ing double entry. 'When a party found to be … and sometimes they undertook to sell the

4RGENTUM (apyvpos), silver. The rela- … on one occasion, exchanged silver for gold in … From a very early period, silver was used … ARGYROCOPEION (ipyvpoKonelov), the … rings were attached for the purpose of suspend-

As soon as the government ceased to be thus … that the word apioTOKpaTi'a. is never, like … on-Aa), arms, armour. Homer describes in … the MiVpT) underneath, and the zone ((<^vri, … (fi'tpos, ensis, gladius), hung on the left side … occupied the front of the army. In later … Besides the heavy and light-armed soldiers,

(TreATaaraO, also formed a part of the Greek … that of the psili, was much lighter than that … ARMILUSTRIUM, a Roman festival for | … xAi.6W, dp.rpio'ed), a bracelet or armlet, worn

wise unknown to them. After this the girls … ARTEMISIA (apTeftio-Ki), a festival cele- … amusements. Festivals of the same name, … A.RURA (dpovpa), a Greek measure of sur- … ARVALES FRATRES, formed a college or

the number of ounces they contained. They … uncia, consisting respectively of 11, 10, 9, 8, … Other multiples of the as were denoted by … and money, but to measures of length, sur- … ASEBEIAS GRAPHE (ao-e^'a;ypa^i}), one

pagus rose or fell at the different periods of … ASSERTOR, or ADSERTOR, contains the … ypa<t>ri), the accusation instituted at Athens … praedieta, Astrologorum praedicta. The stars

Mercurius. The exact period of hirth [hora … Befxa, and the star or stars in the ascendant … praetor, by which the Chaldaeans were or- … burthens, was enjoyed at Athens by the … by Roman citizens of noble birth, who were … were sometimes honoured with the presence

who contended in the public frames of the … ATIMIA (ai-i/nta), the forfeiture of a man's … (xeAo/j.wi'e;), terms used in architecture, the

ported the vault of heaven, the latter perhaps … bility more resembling the ink now used by … an enhancement," and hence the name is ap-

viewed as the chief actor or doer, the word … this sense, it means a tutor who is appointed … AUCTORITAS. The technical meanings … being a correlation of auctor. … PICIUM. Augur or auspex meant a diviner … The belief, that the flight of birds gave some

the latter people that it was reduced to a … gave auguries by their flight. To the former … then called adversae or alterae. The birds … were taken from the feeding of chickens, and … Roman camp a place called augwrale, which

Campus Martins, when the eomitia centuriata … appear that every patrician might take the … and was acquainted with the art of augury. … tione), and belonged only to the highest ma- … longed to the other magistrates, the censors,

did not possess the auspices, they conse- … was regarded as ratified by the gods. The … he nor any of the educated classes appears to … celebrated in honour of Augustus, at Rome

which is usually meant when the Augustales … and Germanicus, as members of the imperial … stituted in imitation of the Augustales at … the first emperor of the Roman world. The … two or even a greater number of Augusti. … in Greece. The chief places from which the … understand by the phrase xpvaiov aTr«j>6ov iv. … the first silver coinage [Argentum], that is,

of 40 to the pound, which •weight was dimi- … as a regular tribute, and was sometimes … the name of a vessel which is supposed to … was also given to those cities subject to the … AXONES (a£oi<es), also called kurbeis … a bath. Balneum or balineum signifies, in … of 40 to the pound, which •weight was dimi- … as a regular tribute, and was sometimes … the name of a vessel which is supposed to … was also given to those cities subject to the … AXONES (a£oi<es), also called kurbeis … a bath. Balneum or balineum signifies, in

was only used for the bather to sit in, 'while … as early as the time of Herodotus. At what … order that the skin might not be left harsh bited any baths, common to both sexes, from

were anointed with oil. The Romans did not … to have been a capacious marble vase, some-

reign of Augustus, was the first who afforded … BALTEUS (reXaixuv), a belt, a shoulder … ma (opf7^a), a deep cavern or chasm, like … BARBA (wuryiav, yeveiov, virqirq'), the beard. … brought over a barber from Sicily ; and Pliny … followed, and shaving became a regular thing. | … (0dp/3n-oi'), a stringed instrument, the ori-

than half, nor less than one-third of the … ncficiis in these passages may mean that the … fought with wild beasts in the games of the … jSijSaiW), primarily, the place where a collec-

Philadelphus, who also appointed a fixed … whose business was to inspect the gymnastic … BIREMIS. (1.) A ship with two banks of … BOEDROMIA ((3o7)SP^ia), a festival cele- … BOXA, property. The phrase in bonis is

obtain the Quiritarian ownership of it by … from him. Or if a hercs cx parte, or a le- … the absence of all fraud and unfair dealing or … bonae fidei actioncs. The formula of the … the real merits of the case : sometimes aequius … kinds of bonorum cessio, in jure and extra jus. … to retain a small portion of his property for … succeed to it. In the case of the property of … of the blood ; but not children who had been

BOREASMTJS (fSopeavfxos or 0opeao-p.oi'), a … intimately connected with the early history of … the heroic ages, represented to us by Homer, … made the number of bis boule 400, 100 from

others of a different character, viz. such as I … risen from the circumstance that the bear was … The buccina seems to have been chiefly dis- … from wood or metal, so as to imitate the … BULLA, a circular plate or boss of metal,

bolt; but we most frequently read of bullae … BUXUM or BUXUS, probably means the … CADUCEUS (KripvKeiov, xr^pvKiov), the staff … CAELATURA (topcvtikt)), a branch of the … of gold and silver plate. The ornamental … bolt; but we most frequently read of bullae … BUXUM or BUXUS, probably means the … CADUCEUS (KripvKeiov, xr^pvKiov), the staff … CAELATURA (topcvtikt)), a branch of the … of gold and silver plate. The ornamental

subjects, and, for armour, of battles. The … CAESAR, a title of the Roman emperors, … scent of Caesar's family ; but although the … the latter to take the title of Caesar; and … usually signified the basket in which women … which the mere sole of a shoe was attached

wearing bracelets, a wreath of ivy, and a … with a small cicocent : we do not find on any … various purposes, as, for instance, among the … were entered the names of a person's debtors, … The intercalary month was a second Poseideon

second day of the month." The days of the … ber. That March was the first month in the … The year thus consisted of 355 days, and this

pontifex maximus, in the correction of this … cember two intercalary months of G7 days, … fi. a. d. VIII. Id. Jan. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … The letters a d are often, through error, writ- … of no avail, as they are probably accusatives. … In which the words prior and posterior are

tn the second Julian year, that is, the year … for the future three such intercalations in the … Thus, according to the Julian calendar, the … CALLIS, a beaten path or track made by … his proof, and the accused party was ac-

of judgment, he acquitted him in the form … CAMARA Oajxapa), or CAMERA. (1) A … in other words, according to the expression of … CAMPESTRE (sc. subligar), a kind of … a porter, who stood at the latticed or grated

tion it most commonly occurs. The cande- … CANDYS (icai'Sus), a robe worn by the … CANEPHOROS ((tainj^opos), a virgin who … sometimes the frankincense were deposited. … CANTICUM, an interlude between the acts … CA.PISTRUM (<J>op/3eia), a halter, or tie for … CAPSA, or SCRINIUM, a box for holding

xc.rinioruui, and the slaves who carried in a … "life:" thus, capite damnari, plecti, &c, are also be sold. — The loss of citizenship and … CAPUT EXTORUM. The Roman sooth- … many head of citizens. — He who lost or … If no caput was found, it was a bad f gn

Gaul, and not unlike the Roman lacerna. It … Greek), a prison, is connected with ep/co; … drinking-cup, which was used by the Greeks … nonymous with vates. The word is, of course, … Thucydides that the Spartans during the

the coachman. It was commonly drawn by … by persons of distinction, like the carpenta ; … a festival celebrated at Caryae, in Laeonia, in … a single night without forming a regular en- … a force to occupy the same ground for any … towns and no tribes on whose faith reliance … winter, whence arose the distinction between … metatures. In practice the most important

points were marked by white poles, .some of … Left Win;; of the Allies 2nd Roman Ladon 1st Roman Lesion Rif-'ht Wing of the Allies … A, praetorium.—R, fonts of the tribunes.—C, tents of the pniefccti sociorum.—D, street 100 feet wide._E F G and … II, streets 50 feet wide.—L, select foot and volunteers.—K, select horse and volunteers.—M, extraordinary horse of the

(K) taken from the extraordinaries, with … the service itself, but also the individuals

the watch belonged. Sometimes we find … armed cavalry, the horses of which were also … the chain resembles platted wire or thread,

women, whereas sella signified a seat common … answered to the Greek words irai/SoKelov, Kara- … or simply diversorium or deversorium.-—(2) A … the lower classes, since all persons in respect-

to express the provisions of a law, by which … Sas), a deep cavern or chasm, like the Bara- … three hundred horsemen, who formed the … of small rooms clustered together like the cells

The jus censurae was granted to them by a … of the laws of the tribune Clodius (b.c. 58). … give an account of himself, of his family, and of … ried he had to give the name of his wife, and … the sum total of capita. After a citizen had

review of the cquites equo publico, and added … only by their conscientious convictions of … opposite the name of the guilty citizen, the … the public life of the citizens. Thus we find

The censors, however, did not receive the re- … yielded an annual income of at least 500 … able to keep a yoke of oxen (fe^yos), were

This system of taxation according to classes, … Compare Leiturgiae ; and for the taxes paid … troduced after the civil war between Marius … decided cases under the authority of a magis- … cation as a writing material, see Tabulae and … CESTUS. (1) The thongs or bands of lea-

a most lormidable weapon, being frequently … honour of Athena, surnamed Chalcioecus … some kinds of trials on matters which con- … so stretched forth their hands. Then the … derived that of a signature to a will or other

instrument, especially a note of hand given … CHOREGUS (xopTyos), a person who had … The same person might serve as choregus for

blind the best musical or theatrical entertain- … ally a company of dancers dancing in a ring. … the worship of Apollo, the fact that they were … which was not the case with the other great … marked upon the boards with which the … equal to the Roman congius, and contained six … The Greeks reckoned their years generally

en-wiu^o?, or the archon par excellence ; and … 01. 87, we take the number of the Olympiads … CIPPUS, a low column, sometimes round, … one corner of the burying-ground a eippus,

taken the town of Apiolae from the Latins, … atrum.] Towards the extremity of the upper i … ing ornaments to the ova ; and the figure

each end of the carceres. The number of … fauees, ostia, fures carceris, repaguia, limina I ferent periods of its history. Its length, in

common people. The seat of the emperor … embraced six kinds of games :—I. Cvrsvs ; … fcrcula and thensae. The former were borne … only two chariots started at each race. The

start was then given by the person who pre- … hire at the stations … CISTOPHORUS 0«rTo</>dpos), a silver coin, … Tet'a). Aristotle defines a citizen (TroAt'nj;) to

notion of citizenship in the heroic ages only … spond. Strictly speaking, these were the only … dinate. Thus the aim of democracy was said … when once formed, retained their hold on the

tinction made between two great classes of … CLAVUS AXXXLIS. In the early ages of … The clavus, as an article of dress, seems to

particular class during the earlier periods, … CLERUCHI (kAtjpouxoi), the name of … independent of, and lost their interest in, the … Another case was where the cleruchi resided … official persons, but merely witnesses to the … CLIEXS is said to contain the same element … respects the relationship by blood. The

sense of the person defended or the consultor, … the construction of which is ascribed to Tar- … COA TESTIS, the Coan robe, was a trans- … a snail, was also used to signify other things

name given to a small measure like our … and coda, originally signified the trunk or … in the shape of a book, the name of codex was … COEXA (Selirvov), the principal meal of the … be the case with soldiers in active service. … thing to the general stock, was called a Se"mvov … time the change was introduced is uncertain. … on each couch. After the guests had placed

those which were usually partaken of at a … (</>aic<u), ice. Pork was the most favourite … the prandium or luncheon, with persons of … selves, or formed the garniture for larger

ourselves in the preparation and arrangements i grapes (m~ae passae), dates (palmulae, caryo- … In the supper of Petronius, a large round

(triclinia), answering in shape to the square, … COGXATI, COGNATIO. The cognatio was … KtoAaypeVai), the name of very ancient magis- … to our phrase of being incorporated ; and in … bly formed by voluntary associations of indi- … cording to the definition of a collegium, the

her mother. Hence, in all matters of common … claimed dominion over other states on the

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read of duumviri, quinqucviri, vigintiviri for

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but the praefectus was appointed annually in … articles of luxury for straining wine were … to diminish the strength of the liquor. For

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Columns were used in the interior of build- … the ceiling. Hows of columns were often em- … upon another. In such cases, the lower rows … these, some of the most remarkable were the … side of them, designed to record successful

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similar tax. [Ostiarivm.] The columnariiim … in a knot over the crown of the head. The … sented with blonde hair. At a later time it … women, especially when the hair was growing

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titutes. One of the simplest modes of wear- … both people likewise in ancient times the hair … is a place of meeting, and comitia the meet- … the king received his imperium, together

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the time of the Publilian law no decree of the … legislation of Servius Tullius was to unite the … property and age. The whole people was con- … gards the whole body of people, whose pro- … the seniores and the other with the … (one voting with the seniores, and

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According to both Inonysius and Livy, the … had property to a certain amount, were pri- … tions of the senate, (c.) The decisio?i npo?i

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the standing- one in all comitia, and the whole … tabellae, one of which was marked with A. … On entering, the citizens received their ta-

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mentioned in which the proceedings of the … and lastly, after the Domitian law, b. c. 104,

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out the city, but not farther from it than … for the (tribus) praerogativa is mentioned as … they were most closely united with the tribes,

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raous; this may have heen the case very … a book of memoirs or memorandum-book, … Greek. Comedy took its rise at the vintage

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new form, and introduced a regular plot. … bly contemporaries of Chionides; he was … that bore upon the political or social interests … towards the stage, turned round, and ad- … the new comedy there was no chorus. It … Etruria, where it would seem they were a

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dramatic gesticulation. The amusement be- … pieces. The first imitator of the dramatic … the story of the play. The prologue was … TALICTI, a festival celebrated once a year in … doniae, and the like.

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donations made to the soldiers were called … siuvuixji, a gnat. Cunopeum is the origin of … about the country and impress soldiers, when … CONSUALIA, a festival, with games, cele- … the same deity. It was solemnised every … longer in the same persons ; and for the same … or commanders of the armies, but this was … viri), appointed to frame a code of laws. On … indifferently both from the patricians and … later times, when the difference between the

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the later periods of the republic it was cus- … parted from in many particular cases. The … affairs, for in the senate they were asked for

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ner the censorship was detached from the … tried by the curies, while the plebeians came … tioned by the senate and people at Rome ;

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dors, and introduced them into the senate, … own official functions, the consuls, like all … lision and confusion, the two consuls did not … Augustus the consulship was a mere shadow of … elected the first in the year ranked higher … office for a whole year, and whose functions … originally men who served in the same army

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diers (contubcrnales), with a subordinate … connection, as well as their place of residence, … CONVENTUS, was the name applied to … parties applied to the proconsul, who selected … CO PHI XL'S (k6(#>ivo9, Engl, coffin), a large … the tuba, it differed from the tibia in being a … Altar of Juliui Victor. (Bartoli, 1 iut. Am., p. /tj.J

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from the tuba itself, in being curved nearly … The classicum, which originally meant a signal, … The Cormcines and LUiemet, the persons who … j crowns, or only two denominations for the … were three sorts of triumphal crowns : the

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were profusely distributed, amongst the … CORYBANTICA (KopvPavriKti), a festival

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ladder a rope was passed, one end of which … COSMETAE, a class of slaves among the … was called cothurnt/s. As the cothurnus was … relations with Thrace. The festivals of this

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traveller himself, who sat inside. The covi- … iii/u-i, I mix), a vessel in which the wine, ac- … CREPIDA (icprj-i's), a slipper. Slippers … and the penalties in case of conviction were … CRITES (kpitjj's), a judge, was the name … or KpoKwrbs sc. xL™v}> ~""as a kind of gala- … CRUX (crravpos, o-koAoi//), an instrument of … CRYPTEIA (Kpvvrela), the name of an

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various directions all over the country, pro- … CCDO or CC'DOX, a skull-cap made of … CULTER ((xa^aipa, K07rt;, or <r<f>a.yis), a … CUNEUS was the name applied to a body

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twenty-five years of age [minorea viginti j matters. The religious affairs of each curia … signate the place in which the senate held its … Athens the person responsible for the welfare … place of worship, called curia, in which the

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'.he currus were, 1. The rim (ifruf) [Antyx]. … the currus thus constructed was commonly … &c. If a third horse was added, as was not

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them, and in an engagement placed them- sented on medals. It was enriched with … CYATHUS (ftOofloc), a Greek and Roman … sextarius, or -0825 of a pint English. The … CYCLAS (xvicAas), a circular robe worn by … CYMBA (icufi|3r)) is derived from ■aV/3oc, a

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The word is derived from ku/h(3os, a hollow. … The line alludes to the dance with crotala … DAREICUS (fiapet/cd?), or to give the name … The word is derived from ku/h(3os, a hollow. … The line alludes to the dance with crotala … DAREICUS (fiapet/cd?), or to give the name

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DECADUCHI (SeKaSoOxoi), the members … called Sexatrp-ou ypa^»j, lay against the person … DECEMPEDA, a pole ten feet long, used … DECEMVIRI, or the " ten-men," the name … of whom App. Claudius alone belonged to the

128

chosen from the patricians and five from the … another period of ten years, and so on to the … determined in a particular case after exami- … arms against the Roman people, and being … DELIA (WAca), ihe name of festivals and

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Ionian confederacy, took the most prominent … the head-boroughs or chief magistrates of the … convened meetings of the demus, and took … but a very small one, for filling any magis- … theory did the representative system attract

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soon after the battle of Salaniis, but was after- … gistrates, landed and other property, with a … Kdia Sijp.ovs, who decided cases where the mat- … The register of enrolment was called Arjf tapxi- … their edges were notched like a saw, which … bigati and quadriyati, because on their re- … DESULTOR, a rider in the Roman games, … DIADEJIA, originally a white fillet, used to … Athens, were of two kinds ; the one public … DIAMASTlGOSIS (8u«ftooTty«i)<r«), a so-

131

thod a trial of spurious citizens was to be … was originally a single obolus ; it was in- … the exception of some few in which the per-

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or other place that served as the cause list of … periods of the action, be made in behalf of a … /xijtoi, suits not to be assessed, in which the fine, … at Rome. The name is of Latin origin, and … magister populi and not dictator, and in the

133

hands of a single person, who should possess … b.c. 501, nine years after the expulsion of … We find, however, a few instances in which … patched the business for which he had been … when the consuls were absent from the city,

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the comitia for the elections (comitiorum ha- … the elections down to b.c. 202, but after that … before, the middle of the day, when the sun … menes, is said to have made the Greeks

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proclaimed the time of mid-day. The divi- … days on which comitia were held, or dies … dies proeliales, that is, all days on which re- … Xeia or Ai7rdAia, a very ancient festival cele- … in various parts of Greece in honour of Dio-

136

thesterion, and Elaphebolion.—The Rural or … The first archon had the superintendence, … where for a time they were carried on in … the coarsest excesses and the most unnatural

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frightful licentiousness and excesses of every … the praetor urban us, who might then consult … brated in various parts of Greece in honour … commonly made of wood and covered over … DIYIXATIO (tiavTiK-q), a power in man … these families belonged the Iamids, who from

138

liads, the Acarnanian seers, and others. Along … might act as his own interpreter. The prin- … not only thought to pollute and profane the … class of diviners who occupied themselves

139

word dirinatio was used in a particular man- … vorce. (1) Greek. The laws of Athens per- … her late husband all the property that she … the connection. No judicial decree, and no … living with her thirty years, and married a … The phrases to express a divorce are, rtun- … zen of Athens was either appointed by lot, … dim. oiuXiov), a chisel, a celt, was used for a … campments. . They are for the most part of

140

as the uses to which they were applied. The I DOLIUM, a cylindrical vessel, somewhat … DOLO (66Au>t'). (1) A secret poniard or … tween the street and the house-door, like the … for dining in. Here was commonly the altar

141

rooms ; and in the arrangement of these … Grourid-plan of a Greek House. … and left of this 7rpooras were two bed cham- … which seldom extended over the whole space … tion (fetwes) on the ground-floor. The roofs … The principal openings for the admission of

142

have been only whited. The first instance of … iium. The parts of a house which were con- … But though the atrium was not used by the … the nuptial couch was placed in the atrium

143

lowing rooms were accordingly added :— this purpose. In the kitchen of Pansa's … Atrium ot" the House of Ceres at PompeiL

144

according to the meaning given above. 1. … Ground-plan of a House at Pompeii. … mon use, called Camaka.— (4.) The Koman

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stoves like ours. The cubicula, triclinia, and … sents made to the gods, either by individuals … tioned, which were intended to induce the … (treasuries) ; and in the most frequented … In the Homeric times it was customary for … by which the receipt of a portion was admit-

146

standard prevailed most in the maritime and … As the Romans reckoned in sesterces, so the … DUCEXARH.—(1) The name given to the … who received on account of their good con- … DUUMVIRI, or the two men, the name of … ever occasion required, for the purpose of … and therefore called o-vyK/VrjToi. The place in … standard prevailed most in the maritime and … As the Romans reckoned in sesterces, so the … DUCEXARH.—(1) The name given to the … who received on account of their good con- … DUUMVIRI, or the two men, the name of … ever occasion required, for the purpose of … and therefore called o-vyK/VrjToi. The place in

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The prytanes not only gave a previous notice … roforai) were sent round to sweep the agora, … under any atimia, or loss of civil rights.-—In

148

the order for the dismissal of the assembly … to the matters of their respective jurisdic- … A repentinum edictum was that rule which … the year of his office : hence it was sometimes … EISANGELIA (elcrayyeAi'a), signifies, in its … tax on property, raised at Athens, whenever

149

carry on a war. It is not quite certain when … without a decree of the people, who also … oi eio-cpe'poi/res. The census of Solon was at … used by the ancient writers in two different … by Ereehtheus, who at a time of scarcity pro-

150

were becoming acquainted with the benefits … and its special share in the celebration of the

151

forth their ridicule on those who passed by. … from being initiated on the sixth day. It … bably added to them at the period which fol- … ELEL'THERIA (ikcvMpia), the feast of

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or possessed of his inheritance. If any one … and of precious materials, were fastened upon … EMISSAIUCM (irTrdVo/nos), a channel, … the Athenian courts, which were not allowed … EMPORIUM (to ifj-nopiov), a place for … ENCTESIS feyKTijcri?), the right of possess- … it was worn on other occasions as a protec- … ENTASIS (eWao-ts). The most ancient

153

and regularly from the base to the neck, so … their comrades ; to fight to the last in the

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charged with wilful murder during a tem- … Dorian constitutions in times of remote anti- … dismissed them from the state ; decided upon

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the ephoralty, and accordingly Cleomenes … marines appointed to defend the vessels in … EPICLERI'S (e7riKXr)pos, heiress), the name … verally married to relatives, the nearest hav- … which were made by the Athenian citizens in … remained silent, or retired privately from the … more usually called Ta/xi'as, the treasurer or

156

who required the authorization of the archon … ated in n. c. 196, to attend to the Epulum … epulonum. The epulones formed a collegium, … nour of Mars, and were celebrated in the … have formed three centuries of equites; and … was the qualification. These twelve cen- … lieving that the six old centuries contained … by the Servian constitution for admission into … freemen. Each of the equites received a … serve with their own horses. The state paid

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but were not classed among the 18 centuries. … under the age of 46, we may presume that

158

judices, in which sense the word is usually … in order to obtain from the state the farming … his safety to the Gallic cavalry, and there- … was therefore esteemed a great privilege. If

159

and also from all rank in the army, with the … were allowed to fill the lower magistracies, … equitum Romanorum. From the time that … of torture, which is supposed to have been … mercial, or political purposes. Unions of … krIcius, a military engine full of sharp … ESSEDA, or ESSEDUM (from the Celtic … probably by the creaking and clanging of the

160

the Eumolpidae alone had the right to inter- … from noble ancestors, is the name by which … to a very late period of Grecian history. … and the manner in which they acquitted … EXAUGURATIO, the act of changing a … watchmen or sentinels of any kind, was the … a seat out of doors, came to be used for a cham- … by the edict against the exercitor navis. By … 1. Spartan Army.-—In all the states of

161

of their military array consisted in the heavy- … the Thessalians and Boeotians were the only … enomotarchs). The ecMjuoTi'ai were so called … (oi/Aa/xoi) of fifty, which may possibly be the … One helot in particular of those attached to … give them their liberty. A separate troop in

162

as others would do for a feast. The signal … avoid doing so, was liable to a sentence of

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their courage or conduct, in the shape of … narrow limits ; and being incapable of rapid … under the name eVaipoi, formed a sort of

164

troop called Argyraspids, from the silver 'with … designed to fight on horseback or on foot, as … the passage of the Jaxartes. … what we call a regiment, inasmuch as it con- … far, be regarded as a complete army, but on … was carried on upon a large scale, a single … as broadly marked as in the most pure mili- … dence. From the expulsion of the Kings

165

First Period. Servius Tullius. The legion … called because the light missiles which they … the rorarii and accensi, pressing up from

166

Tliird Period. During the tears of the … observed that a regular consular army (Justus … from whom they desired to receive a contin- … the centurions selected out of each maniple

167

cavalry twice or thrice as numerous, and the … dispensed with, and every man capable of … between the ages of 17 and 46 did not appear … by a decree of the senate " ne vacationes … consequence of a special invitation, erocati. … of the Cohort, a division of the legion often

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limits of 300 anil 600. They were regularly … strictly the muster roll, whence the phrases … lites. When the phalanx was first broken … trated here ; the Subsignanus miles of Tacitus … Procubitores.—When the Hastati had, in a

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any vacancies which occurred in the course … or din em, to be one of the principal cen- … divisions of Triarii, Principes, and Hastati … riac adsignaret ... a M'. Acilio mihi primus … of rank existed among the centurions is evi- … and that promotion from a lower to a higher

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distinction of fortune. The -whole of the … of soldiers, are not found in Caesar, in Taci- … place by soldiers of the tenth legion. In

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to the Praetorian troops, see Praetoriaxi.— … of barbarians, or of the most uncivilised … to the praetorian cohorts, instituted a force … the city, being the Urbana Castra.—Cohortes … by a Praefeetus, who was of equestrian … old-fashioned and laughable interludes in … citizen when called upon to appear as a wit-

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baggage (impedimenta). Hence the epithet … Banishment among the Greek states sel- … took place chiefly in cases of homicide, or … even when other exiles were restored upon a … been instituted by Cleisthenes, after the ex- … ostracise, and remove from the city for a de- … o-rijfat) from the city within ten days ; if the

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move from their native city, when the oppo- … * This word appears, by its termination inus, to denote a … out of hard materials, as fabri tignarii, … or guilds. In the constitution of Servius … FALSUM. The oldest legislative provision … move from their native city, when the oppo- … * This word appears, by its termination inus, to denote a … out of hard materials, as fabri tignarii, … or guilds. In the constitution of Servius … FALSUM. The oldest legislative provision

174

of Saturn with the falx in its original form ; … FARTOR, a slave who fattened poultry. … Fublicola, who gave to the people the right

175

Fasces. (From the original in the Capitol at Rome.) … FASTI. Fas signifies divine law: the epi- … before the praetor, were technically denomi-

176

man temple, of rectangular construction, is … was the liberty of erecting a fastigium to his … and because it was used to set fire to the pile. … FEXUS or FOEXUS (t6kos), interest of … month for every mina, or 60 oboli a year - … cases of bottomry (to kiutikoV, tokoi vavTucoi, … Instead of the phrase asses usurae, a syno-

177

asmuch as at this rate of interest there was … 48 per cent. The monthly rate of the cen- … 12 per cent, simple interest. The following … it; opponere or opponere pignori, to give as a … enjoyed a cessation from labour. All feriae … on certain days marked in the calendar. To … were held on certain emergencies at the

178

the union, the chief magistrate of the Latins … posed. The festival lasted six days. … ple, but it was also introduced into the towns … demands reasonable. He then crossed the … paKiirji/), earthenware, a vessel or other ar-

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had been thrown on the wheel, or to produce … table, was used to cover the surface like a … a testamentary disposition, by which a person … the trustee was condemned in the action, the … produce a cooling breeze. Besides separate

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to the scutica, -which was a simple whip. … even touch a horse, nor look upon an army … FLOEALIA, or Florales Ludi, a festival … Xapi's), a fire-place ; a hearth ; a brazier. The

181

RATI, SOCll. In the seventh century of … FOLLIS—(1) An inflated ball of leather, … also statues, the subjects of which were sug-

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the immense supply of water brought to … voirs, and salicntcs, jets of water, besides … roof and ceiling to the apartment which it … FREXUM (xaWos), a bridle. That Belle- … ERITILLUS W>i".os), a dice-box of a cylin-

183

which modified the law of Gracchus to some … gether with these distributions of corn ; but … tions of corn, but he did the next best thing … were completely indigent should receive the … with a tessera, and this tessera, when once

184

The ridiculous use of patches (splrnia), which … Girl pointing hirself. (From a Gem.) … NACCA, a fuller, a washer or scourer of … FUNUS, a funeral.—(1) Greek. The

185

find Unboned ; and among the Athenians,

186

of one. The dead were usually buried out- … They correspond to the Roman conditoria. … ing, called en-i(9r)fia. The epithema was fre-

187

celebrated at the funeral of a great man, as … and could not enter the temples of the gods … offerings of the same kind, which were pre-

188

person of consequence. Funerals were usually … the persons to whom the property was left, … fallen into disuse in the fourth century. Per-

189

according to the Twelve Tables, to be left … taphium), beginning with the letters … the sides with pilasters. It is to the

190

but as this place rendered the neighbourhood the freedmen and slaves of great families … employed in the manner mentioned under … placed in front. Tombs were of various sizes

191

funeral of P. Licinius Crassus, who had been … this period the courts of justice did not sit, … carry about the furca wherever they went; … FUSCINA (rpCaiva), a trident, more com- … with an allusion also to the use of the same … FUSTL'AIUUM (fuAo/coTi-ta), was a capita!

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the operation of spinning, at the moment … of them. They were most frequently dedi- … the operation of spinning, at the moment … of them. They were most frequently dedi-

193

peculiar form of which is supposed to have … The women were enrolled in the lists of the … a kind of thick cloth, which was on one side … GENS. According to the traditional ac- … between them. A hundred new members … which belonged to a gens, to which all the … lum) for the celebration of these sacra, which … GEROUSIA (yepoi/o-ia), or assembly of

194

Hyllean tribe, must have belonged to the … perly signified any thing made of wicker- … increase the strength of their bodies.—Gladia-

195

the like, and afterwards at the sound of the … dered him to receive the sword (ferrum rc- … and different mode of fighting, or other cir- … like the Gauls and Britons. [Esseda.]—Hop- … called from their having the image of a fish … carried only a three-pointed lance, called … with the fuseina while they were entangled.

196

buckler, and a short sword or dagger … GRAECOSTASIS, a place in the Roman … Aijs Koi toO Sr/p-ov. He was appointed by the … GUTTUS, a vessel with a narrow mouth … presented on the Roman coins struck by per-

197

GYMNASIUM (yvp.v6.nov). The whole … than well-regulated exercise. The word … the short chiton. Gymnastic exercises among … was probably no Greek town of any im-

198

Paedotribae were required to possess a know- … 4. The 7rei>TaA(.0o5, which was a game with … them with beautiful works of art. The em- … yupuTj-res), a class of bond-slaves at Argos, … the conduct of Athenian women. Their … of stone or metal, which were used in … frequently used merely to exercise the body … Paedotribae were required to possess a know- … 4. The 7rei>TaA(.0o5, which was a game with … them with beautiful works of art. The em- … yupuTj-res), a class of bond-slaves at Argos, … the conduct of Athenian women. Their … of stone or metal, which were used in … frequently used merely to exercise the body

199

in somewhat the same manner as our dumb- … splendid ornaments. It occupied among the … mission, and partly to abolish the denio- … the purpose of abolishing the tyrannical … HARPAGO (apn-ayrj: Avkos : Kpedypa.), a … preted the will of the gods. They originally … mena in nature, to which the general name

200

HA ST A. … 2. It was thrust forward as a pike. 3. It … the whole length of the weapon was about

201

darts, resembling in form the lance and … tiones). It served both to announce, by a … jj/mcKTeW). In dry measures, the kecteus was … denominations of money, but subdivisions of … ing the parallel beams at the bottom. At … HELLAXODICAE (eAAai/ooiVou), the judges

202

They cultivated the land, and paid to their … (i. e. ajufJuoTai/Tes), and one of them in par- … in the Greek states, who could keep on run- … ILEMICYCLITTM (rjnixuxAtoj'), a semicir- … HERAEA (rjpoua), the name of festivals

203

The Heraea of Argos were celebrated every … ciri'irpoLKOL. On failure of sons and their issue, … A person might become an heres by being … any definite shares being given to them, the … silence (silentio praeterierit), the will was

204

liter] so passed over took a certain portion … wise the will, which was originally valid, … statues existed of other deities, of the same … There is another class of these works, in

205

connection with the worship of the deities of … IIIEROMXEMOXES (.Upoixirqv-ovf;), the … Athens, of whom ten were appointed every … the goal (Te'p/xa), round which the chariots … ding in Greece to perform on the stage. At

206

said to have tried to avert the anger of the … for such performances, the Romans sent to … the accompaniment of a flute. Roman youths … tracted immense crowds to the theatres, and … the citizens was no part of the ancient Spar- … said imponi. A person who held a magis- … HOROLOGIUM (upokoyiov), the name of

207

the shadow, and thus pointed to the hour. … simple form it consisted of a vessel with … the war with Pyrrhus. But as sun-dials … Rome. Clepsydrae were used by the Romans … Rome, as at Athens, the time allowed to the … of the horticulture of the Greeks is very

208

that a succession of flowers was obtained all … the central place of the peristyle [Domus], … privatum and hospitium publicum, fei't'a and … sign of hostile intentions, he was considered

209

cal inheritance of former times. Or a person … came forward to act as the representatives of … given up, for we find that at Athens the … of need, to represent him as his patron in the … its good services by the establishment of … as patron of the client-town. But the cus-

210

the Amyelaeans and Spartans, probably in … Apollo, the national divinity of the Dorians. … musical effect and their mechanism. A con- … IMAGO, a representation or likeness, an … nifies, (1) A freedom from taxes. (8) A … the Amyelaeans and Spartans, probably in … Apollo, the national divinity of the Dorians. … musical effect and their mechanism. A con- … IMAGO, a representation or likeness, an … nifies, (1) A freedom from taxes. (8) A

211

and also to other persons as a special favour. … Cicero Imperator, for the term merely ex- … IXAUGURATlO, was in general the cere- … only were priests inaugurated, but also the … cident (casu, id est, negligcntia), the law

212

incendium, but only in the city, or within a … moral and irreligious acts. In a narrower … vov), swaddling-clothes, in which a new-born … INFAMlA, was a consequence of condem- … and the persons included in the third and … INFULA, a flock of white and red wool, … tini) were not ingenui, though the sons of

213

the injured person was allowed by the prae- … to different families ; and hence the word … INTEKCESSIO was the interference of a … tis ex causis) the praetor or proconsul, in the … force shall not be used against a person who … Gains, the Roman jurist, contains the essen- … of persons became very numerous and neces- … and quaestors, who were entrusted with the … preters had not only to officiate at the conventus

214

each of whom enjoyed in succession the regal … were the Decern Primi, or ten leading sena- … tended the Isthmia sailed across the Saronic … JANUA {6vpa), a door. Besides being … each of whom enjoyed in succession the regal … were the Decern Primi, or ten leading sena- … tended the Isthmia sailed across the Saronic … JANUA {6vpa), a door. Besides being

215

dim. Trapa.6vpi.ov. The door-way, when com- … serted into sockets on each side of the door- … the single judex. Under certain circum- … for their object, either the settlement of dis-

216

rerum capitalium. In course of time, as such … the purpose. It was eventually determined,

217

persons of some property. Tims the three … by lot, out of whom the accuser and the … as the transverse beam which united the up- … others. Hence, to express symbolically the … not made like the yoke used in drawing car- … arose among the Romans after the separation … tiores, and juris auetores. The business of … or at their own houses; and not only on … contracts or wills, &c. At a later period, … a plebeian, who was consul u. c. 281, and

218

JURISDICTIO, signifies generally the au- … rior being, calling on him to bear witness … peculiar habits or predilections, or the fancy … the service of the republic.—After the esta-

219

nation, a victim (a pig- or a lamb) was in the … the third Punic war to the end of the re- … various modes of swearing in common life. … swore by most of the gods; but some oaths … nied with an execration, in case the swearer … scenic games instituted by Nero, in a. n. 59, … LABYRINTHUS (AajSup^flos), a labyrinth, … nation, a victim (a pig- or a lamb) was in the … the third Punic war to the end of the re- … various modes of swearing in common life. … swore by most of the gods; but some oaths … nied with an execration, in case the swearer … scenic games instituted by Nero, in a. n. 59, … LABYRINTHUS (AajSup^flos), a labyrinth,

220

have been commonly used in the army. In … LAENA (xAaira), a woollen cloak, the … bearing, LamI'ADEDROMIA (Aay.i7raS>)5po^u'a), … LAXX, a large dish, made of silver or some … celebrated at Patrae in Achaia, in honour of … LAQUEUS, a rope, was used to signify the … tomary for religious Romans in the morning, … or decidedly red. Pliny calls the brickfield … these expressions are used to signify a certain

221

Julia de Civitate (b. c. 90) the above expres- … The invention of a game resembling draughts … often employed for the purpose. The Ro- … cularly the public prison of Syracuse. It lay … a kind of couch or litter, in which persons, in … this kind of lectica was introduced among the … LECTISTERNIUM. Sacrifices being of the

222

hibits one of those couches, which is repre- … LECTUS (^e'xo9, k\ivr), eiivr)), a bed. The … person. Mattresses were in the earlier timeti … LEGATUM, a part of the hereditas which … Rome to foreign nations and into the pro-

223

man generals into the field, or the proconsuls … hibited from entering the city, especially in … considered by the Romans throughout the … tary affairs. The legati were thus always … of the command of their general. Their

224

were at least senators. These vicegerents of … npvTavelov), a liturgy, is the name of certain … were at first a natural consequence of the … ordinary liturgies. The former were called … in turns by the members of every tribe who … defray its expenses. Such was the case with … nament for the head. … is, on the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth of

225

■Bring the whole month of May, and those … the Lemures. As regards the solemnities on … ing council or conversation, and a place for … leges, though they were laws, and in the … acquainted, were passed in the comitia cen- … which related to a common object, were often

226

case it was called Lex Satura.—The number … AEBUTIA, of uncertain date, which with … AELIA. This lex and a Fufia Lex, passed … AEIiTA SEXTIA, passed in the time of … AGRARIAE, the name of laws which had … AM PI A, to allow Cn. Pompeius to wear a … lius Tapulus in b. c. 17 9, fixed the age at … AXTOXIAE, the name of various enact- … APPULEIA AGRARIA, proposed by the … who resisted their authority ; but it fixed the … proposed by the tribune T. Atius Labienus, … the populus to elect 16 tribuni militum for … ATTNTA, of uncertain date, was a plcbis- … AURELIA (b. c. 70), enacted that the ju-

227

chosen alternately ; but the law was not ob- … pio, repealed a Clodia Lex (b. c. 58), which … from the payment of taxes and dues (por- … bium between the patres and plebs, which … f CASSIA (b. c. 104), proposed by the tri- … CASSIA empowered the dictator Caesar to … (b. c. 73) for the distribution of corn among … that the fee could not be paid till the work … to the effect that " qui civem Romanum in- … restored the Sodalitia, which had been abo- … COP^XELIAE. Various leges passed in the

228

Agraria, by which many of the inhabitants … adulterated or counterfeited the public coin, … De Magistratibus, partly a renewal of old … armed with the intention of killing or thiev- … gave poison for the purpose of poisoning; … Tribunicia, which diminished the power … Cn. Pompeius the superintendence of the Res … posed by the consuls P. Cornelius Cethegus … DUILIA (b.c. 449), a plebiscitum proposed … DUILIA MAENIA, proposed by the tri- … 450, consisting of Appius Claudius and his

229

which allowed no connubium between the … FLAMINIA was an Agraria Lex for the … called which had for their object the distri- … FURIA or FUSIA CAXIXIA limited the … enacted that a testator should not give more … to Cn. Pompeius the extraordinary power of … Hortensia enacted that the nundinae, which … Agraria, b. c. 59, in the consulship of … that a debtor might escape all personal mo- … perhaps the same as the Lex De Vi Publica.

230

tuis or Creditis (b. c. 47), passed in the time … MuNicirALis, commonly called the Table … was accordingly a lex of that kind which is … pears to have caused a lex to be enacted … till the year b. c. 13. In the year a. d. 9, … from the chapter which treated of the mar- … ever had a census equestris, to sit in the … 126, by M. Junius Pennus, a tribune, ba- … JUNIA NORBANA, of uncertain date, but … LAETORIA, the false name of the Lex

231

called, Junia et Lieinia, passed in the consul- … GUXDIS, passed in the consulship of L. … was tribune of the people from b. c. 376 to … created_the triumviri epulones. … tributing corn among the poor citizens at a … LUTATIA DE VI, proposed by the consul … the patres ante auctores fieri in the case of … MANILLA, proposed by the tribune C. … posed the tax of five per cent, (viccsima) on

232

OGULNIA, proposed by the tribunes, b. c. … OVINIA, of uncertain date, was a plebisci- … POPPAF.A.] … PEDIA, relating to the murderers of Cae- … did any damage, the owner should make it … of mutiny. … PINARIA, related to the giving of a judex … ally taken from each tribe to be placed in the … Strabo, the father of Cn. Pompeius Magnus, … Judiciaeia. [Judex, p. 217, a.] … Tribuxitia (b. c. 70), restored the old tri- … 198, the enactments of which are doubtful.

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by the patricians, who prevented the tribes … the curiae ; and accordingly this law made … was called the Jus Civile Papirianum or Pa- … be inferred from the Lex Regia which we … so extensive. During the empire the curies … RHODIA. The Rhodians had a maritime

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simply culled the Lex of Otho, or referred to … AUGEXDO, enacted in the 5th consulship of … SEMPRONIAE, the name of" various laws … should be appointed every year to carry the … by C. Gracchus b.c. 123, enacted that the … the state to the people once a month at the … 123, enacted that the soldiers should receive … who conspired to obtain the condemnation o … C. Gracchus b.c. 123, enacted that the senat" … a plehiscitum proposed by a tribune, M. Sem-

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lending money in the name of the Soeii, who … is the lex called by Cicero Lex Campana, … that a lex of the tribune Servius Glaucia … SULPICIAE, proposed by the tribune … probably proposed by the consuls. It pre- … the Lex Fannia, and was brought forward,

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of entertainments, but the kind and quantity … abroad anywhere except at the houses of … Julia, proposed by the dictator C. Julius … prohibited the use of silk garments to men. … TERENTILIA, proposed by the tribune C. … TRIBUXITIA. (1) A law passed in the … VALERIAE, proposed by the consul P.

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of appeal from the sentence of a magistrate … VATINIA DE PROVINCIIS, was the … VATINIA DE COLONIS, under which the … VIARIA. A viaria lex which Cicero says … VOCONIA, enacted on the proposal of … tended to injure the character of persons.

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a pocket or memoranduia book. 4. Libcllus … improvement in the manufacture of parch … Ancient Writing Materials. (From a Painting at Herculaneum.) … end of the stick and projected from the

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had been released from legal servitude. A … LIBRA, dim. LIBELLA (orafyios), a ba- … LIBURNA, L1BURNICA, a light vessel, … LINTER, a light boat, frequently formed

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LITRA (AiVpa), a Sicilian silver coin, equal … nifying crooked.—(1) The crooked staff borne … Lituus, Augur's Stud. (Centre figure from an Etruscan sculpture ; the two others are Roman coins.) … LOCUPLETES or ASSIDUI, the nam? ot … being straight, while the latter was bent

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among the Greeks and Romans. The sol- … ible bands of steel, or cuirasses of chain … LUCERNA (AuXvos), an oil lamp. The … the lamp was also called Monomyxos, Di~ … with a goose. The next woodcut represents

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hung in chains from the ceiling- of the room, … KaicrtiotTviry], or KaTajSArj-ruc/j), wrestling. The … after the departure of the Gauls from Rome, … from the fourth to the twelfth of September, … Ludi Fuxebres were games celebrated a … commemoration of the reconciliation betwee

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respecting the origin of the games, yet all … connected with certain cycles of time [sae- … Latona, the Parcae-, and to Dis and Proser- … of great beauty, whose parents were stiL … LUPERCALIA, one of the most ancient … luntarily for the purpose, since they believed

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of the land, and that of touching persons a … LUPUS FERREUS, the iron wolf used by … the sprinkling of water by means of a branch … times underwent purifications to expiate the

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days, while the five solar years contained … with his census, and thus set the example … their number of strings far exceeded that of

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touched with a little staff called plectrum i the corporation of equites, who farmed the … stances where the persons play the lyre with MAGISTRATUS was a person qui juri di- … treason in English law; but all the offences … Latin name fides, which was used for a lyre … MAGISTER, which contains the same root … touched with a little staff called plectrum i the corporation of equites, who farmed the … stances where the persons play the lyre with MAGISTRATUS was a person qui juri di- … treason in English law; but all the offences … Latin name fides, which was used for a lyre … MAGISTER, which contains the same root

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army to the enemy, exciting- sedition, and … MAXCEPS has the same relation to Man- … words are used to indicate the formal transfer … the parties to the mancipatio were not on the … and to fructus. Sometimes the word manci-

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the mansiones were at the same distance from … MANUMISSIO was the form by which … Of these the manumissio by vindicta is pro- … dition to the end of the republic, though … the deposition of a witness in a court of jus- … as jurors or plaintiffs) in a court of justice ; … and if his absence caused inj ury to the party,

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trate (rjyefitov SiKaemjpi'ou). The party in … by noticing a few expressions. Map-rvpelv … necessarily on oath. The p;aprvs (witness in … MATRALIA, a festival celebrated at Rome … marriage. (1) Greek. The ancient Greek … pendent of public considerations, there were … few exceptions, a bar to marriage in any

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ya^eta) were made to the pods who presided … connected with the celebration of marriage … The song called the Epithalamium was then … her mother also, to his home.—The Greeks,

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ventio. But both forms of marriage agreed … any forms were requisite in the marriage … effected by usus, if a woman lived with a … consequently the wife was in manciple*. … not an unusual preliminary of marriage, but

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itgreed to marry and the persons in whose … the house, she wound wool around the door-

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served the honour of the house, and as the … LEXSES LUDI, a festival with games, cele-

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tlicn to bring it thus furnished to the place … LARII, a kind of public bankers at Rome … METALLTTM (M"aAAor), a mine and metal. … only a transitory stay in a place, for it was a … eluded. The jealousy with which the citizens … to remind them of their position, they had on

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all probability not intended to hurt the feel- … public, but was at the same time answerable … zens. The aliens were also obliged, like … low or high relief. The metopes from the … PASSUUM (ju.1A.101O, the Roman mile, con-

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comedy except in consisting more of gestures … sons {mimi) represented in a burlesque manner … MITRA (fin-pa), in general a band of any … or limited. But the rule of an aesymnetes

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LUM (oAfio;, lySrj, tySt;), a mortar. Before … the walls of apartments, in mixing spices and … who dedicated cups of this kind to Jupiter … MURUS, MOENIA (re^os), the wall of a … into the angles between the others, and their

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period of architectural history. For build- I with stucco were exceedingly common with … MUSCULUS was a kind of vinea, one of … speaking, the secret part of the worship, but … in secret within some sanctuary, which the … from all persons not initiated. The most … bound together with various kinds of mortar

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attached to the emporium outside of the Porta … NAVARCHUS (vavapxos), the name by … to the denies in the constitution of Cleis- … another form for vau'/cATjpos in the sense of a … NAYIS, NAYIGIU.U (wtSs, irAoiw), a

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propelling the vessel lay in the rowers, who … with a purple colour (•ItoiviKOTraprjoi). When … from the accounts in Caesar's Commentaries. … The name biremis is also applied to a little bocr mummed

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sively by all the Ionians in Asia. At this … a considerable extent of country, which was

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pear to have been constructed on the same … unwieldy ships. In the year b. c. 356 they … ance, &c. In many cases the name of the

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tabulata upon the decks of their great men- … the enemy's vessels. The aKpocrToAioi/ is some- … A Prora, TTpuipa. … F. Aplwtre, a^Aaoroi/, "ith the … N. Cornua, a.KpoKepaia.1.

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swan, as in the accompanying woodcut. The … which it was based, we commonly observe I there appears, beside the aplustre, a pole, to

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between 'which the oars move, and to which … were upon the rpd^rjf. In all other vessels … subject. Thus much is certain, that the … The collective term for oars is rappds, which

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rudder to indicate her origin from the sea. A ship had sometimes one, but more com- … by a pole, which was moved by the guber- i vessels with one, two, or three masts. The

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these structures, so as to supply the place of … CuVc""a), thick and broad ropes running in … those of the fore-mast icm'a axareta. The … the shape of an inverted Greek A (v), the

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ancients as early as the time of Homer had … of iron, and their form resembled that of a … called eTepocrrd/ios. The technical expressions … being understood. The following figure … hibited with the same magnificence and lavish

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without both, their parents being' citizens of … and Xexum are opposed in the same way in

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no debtor shou'.d for the future be put in … as the second Punic war this new class, com- … men was at a later time given to boys on the

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a third or fourth name was possessed by the … and descended to the latest members of a … norary distinction, and in commemoration of … neral to another, sometimes by the army and … Sometimes the name of the tribe to which a … slavery. If a slave was restored to freedom, … the shape either of regular codes or distinct

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board and maintain the policy of the existing … in the ancient reciters which are supposed to … NOYENDIALE (sc. sacrum).—(1) A fes- … when there was a shower of stones upon the … of nudity the ancients performed the opera- … NUNDINAE is derived by all the ancient

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the plebeians at the comitia eenturiata. The … OCIIEA (kvtj/xi's), a greave, a leggin. A … The first Odeum, properly so called, at Rome, … VUM (eAatoi/). The importance of the olive … yield the oil and other juices which it con- … teristic of an oligarchy, that the main dis- … it was very similar to the theatre; and it is … the plebeians at the comitia eenturiata. The … OCIIEA (kvtj/xi's), a greave, a leggin. A … The first Odeum, properly so called, at Rome, … VUM (eAatoi/). The importance of the olive … yield the oil and other juices which it con- … teristic of an oligarchy, that the main dis- … it was very similar to the theatre; and it is

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tcrial, round and plain, and having a wide … use only a short time. "We subjoin a list of

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9. The horse-race (177-71-0; kc'Ajjs), hoth intro-

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as could be obtained, was one of the easiest … the correctness of this statement, there are … that they formed properly no part of the … in Thargelion, the 11th month of the Attic … add a relish to food. Some of these articles … radishes, and sesamum. Of animal food by … was most extensively employed to give a … used by the ancients to designate both the … of the future, but all oracular revelations … and men, and were, as it were, the organs

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take anything of importance without their … ones to be established, so that it was the pre- … reached its perfection in the century which

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ORDO is applied to any body of men 'who … way. Thus the whole body of sacerdotes at … duxerunt, and the first centuries in a legion … ORG VIA (opyuia), a Greek measure of … have had scarcely any knowledge of zinc … writers, was celebrated in honour of Athena … from uktxos, ocrxos, or oo^rj, a branch of vines … OSTIARIOI, a tax upon the doors of

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not sufficient to constitute a legitimate claim … PAEAX (jTaLiriuv, naiav, irauav), a hymn or … He went with them to and from the school … PAGI were fortified places in the neigh- … not sufficient to constitute a legitimate claim … PAEAX (jTaLiriuv, naiav, irauav), a hymn or … He went with them to and from the school … PAGI were fortified places in the neigh-

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a place for wrestling (iraXaCeiv, 7raAi;), and … PALILIA, a festival celebrated at Rome … poet. <f>apos), an outer garment. The English … cess of this kind. The raw material, such as … ijSe x<-Taji>, &c. To wear the pallium without

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the underclothing indicated poverty or se- … PALMIPES, a Roman measure of length, … contradistinction to the sagum of the common

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Heeatombaeon ; the great Panathenaea in the … They represent on one side the figure of … tival to the other. The chief solemnity of … maidens who belonged to the noblest families … an athletic game, in which all the powers of

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successful in the one than in the other. The … PANEGYRIS (jrwqyvpis), signifies a meet- … A'ioben and saltare Ledam. During the time … under the empire the names histrio and pan- … priety be called a plea. It is an objection … (craAa^u'i'a). The Athenians from very early

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which occasion the ship was adorned with … foreign parts to Athens, and the like. In … The celebrated tale of Iophon, the son of … legislation, the mover of any law or decree, … with the public interest. Any person might … PA HASAN GA (6 7rapacrayy>)s), a Persian … certain priests and to the highest magistrates. … account (evBvvri) at the end of the year. The

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objects of having assessors must have been to dish or plate, on which such food was served … PARMA, dim. PARMTJLA, a round shield, … PATERA, dim. PATELLA (0ioAt|), a … the state to supply the Roman magis- … isted on all the principal stations on … eaten with the o\f/ov, as the n«i"a, a

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common red earthenware, on which an orna- … PATINA (Aexdi/T)), a basin or bowl of … generally a power or faculty of any kind by … associated with the adjectives praetoria, con- … terms, had both a wider signification and a … famiJias), and generally all the rights which … PATRICII. This word is evidently a de- … Lucerenses. Each of these tribes consisted … tained only one hundred gentes, and had a

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third tribe, the Luceres, which chiefly con- … placed on a footing of equality with the … bus. When the plebeians became a distinct … Sparta, who exercised, as it were, a paternal

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of the manumissor. Cicero's freedman Tiro … PEDISEQUI, a class of slaves, whose duty

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the name of peltastae. It consisted princi- … chased slaves, and they cultivated the land … was next to the pancratium the most beau- … and thus corresponding to the himation or … a very important part of the treasures of a

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PERA (w/jpa), a wallet, made of leather, … to the rank of peregrini, or a certain class of … perly denotes the inhabitants of a district

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The Normans, on the contrary, of whatever … bangle, worn by the Orientals, the Greeks, … a mask. Masks were worn by Greek and

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the same manner as the Armilla, the Ton- … Pharrtrae, Quiver*. (Left-hand figure from the Aeginetan … the Roman games, seems to have been a … PETORRITUM, a four-wheeled carriage, … PIIALERAE (<paAapoi>), a boss, disc, or … most commonly read of them as ornaments … by the court of Areiopagus.

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allusion to that at Alexandria, which was the … after the age of Cleisthenes ten officers, one … PICTURA (ypa<|)Tj, ypatfiiKri, fwypa^i'a), … Homer's time, although the only kind of … daules, king of Lydia (b.c. 71G), is said to

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(about B.C. 4G3). Previous to this time the … upon vases and upon articles of furniture; … of single figures. He enjoyed the exclusive … and public edifice in Sicily of whatever was … the history of painting in Rome. The first

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in consequence of the foundation of Constan- … Moreover scene-painting shows that the … water. Of the latter the principal was … of various descriptions and materials, and … sculpture was very common in Greece. The … dered to be in some way connected with the

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the statement of Pliny, that they were more

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larger than the pila. The Harpastum (from … AcotoV), any piece of felt; more especially a … and the loaves thus baked were termed ar- … PLAGIUM, the offence of kidnapping, … PLAUSTRUM or PLOSTRUM (afiofo), a

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was obtained by the use either of boards at … word contains the same root as im-pleo, com-

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of performing certain services, and they are, … in these regions he assigned lots of land to … internal organisation of the plebeians, analo- … the plebeians now met the patricians appa-

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b.c. 421 the plebeians were admitted to the … retain, stripped the consulship of a consider- … PLETHRON (n\d8pov\ the fundamental

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or KoXafioi: It was also introduced into the … to two different objects. (1) A kind of shed … POEXA (ttoiit)), a general name for any … whole armies. They also formed part of the … annually ; and in times of peace they seem to … of post and moerium (mttrus), in the same … a certain space on each side of it unoccupied, … nations increased the boundaries of the em-

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thi grand procession 'with which the games … structures of the same kind, and corresponded … led direct to the Janiculum.—VI. Pons Vati-

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was built by Aemilius Scaurus the censor. … stupendous remains, still existing in Italy, I closure called septum and ovile, passed over a … Pons is also used to signify the platform

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toms and usages. The details of these duties … tius. As to the rights and duties of the … flamines or a rex sacrorum were to be inau- … only as the organ of the college. He was ge- … or a dedication made, the chief pontiff had

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From the time of Theodosius the emperors … scribes by the name of Pontiftces Minores. … POPULIFUGIA or POPLIFUGIA, the … the departure of -the Gauls, and produced … even more. The jambs of the gate were … who visited the temple for various purposes. … toricians, and other persons fond of intellec- … PORTORIUM, a branch of the regular

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the duties paid on imported and exported … the aerarium. Sicily, and above all, Asia, … If a Roman citizen during war came into … captured by the enemy, he became a slave ; … by an act of the state a man was given up … cers at Athens, who collected the fines and … frequently advertised the time, place, and … entitled in the courts of justice, and partly … either distributed by the Imperator among

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nubiae is the money realized by their sale. … PRAEFECTUS ANNOXAE, the praefect … PRAEFECTUS CASTRORUM, praefect of … PRAEFECTUS PRAETORIO, was the … rius, who made Sejanus commander of the … sometimes two ; from the time of Commodus

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buted througnout the city a number of … PRAES, is a surety for one who buys of … PRAETOR (orpemjyos), was originally a … ingly he was called praetor peregrinus. The … gustus, after several changes, fixed the num-

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was the first in rank. His duties confined … to four out of the number. Sulla added to … accounts, four praetors. On these occasions … cohortes, a body of troops instituted by Au- … sesterces. They soon became the most … to remain at Rome, but had no longer the

310

PROBOLE (7rpo0oA7)), an accusation of a … the religious festivals ; and against all such … acted in the place of a consul, without holding … every species of treason, hut also every such … kinds of treason were a secret correspondence

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important trust, such as a fleet, army, or … friends. The posterity of a traitor became … PROMETIIEI.Y (irpenTjfleta), a festival … PROPYLAEA (Trpo-n-uKaia), the entrance to … PROSCRIPTIO. The verb proscribe™ … Srifjiov), a leader of the people, denoted at … PROVTN'CIA. This word is merely a

312

PRO VINCI A. … poses he made circuits through the different … midia; Mauritania. Those of a subsequent … appointed as governors of provinces, but … a guilty governor to the punishment that he

313

imperial power under Augustus, a consider- … with some modifications, continued to the … PRYTANEIUM \iepinavelav), the public … PSEPHUS (i^os), a ball of stone, used bj

314

the Athenian dicasts in giving their verdict. … pai/>>j? ypaifjri). The name of every state … Tei'a; ypaipr/), a prosecution against one, who

315

and consisted of freemen as well as slaves, … rium ; Salinae ; Scriptura.] The porti- … TTuyjiotrvi'T)), boxing, was one of the earliest … the contests in wrestling and racing had been … PUGIO (fxaxalPa), a dagger ; a two-edged … PULYIX AR, a couch provided with cushions … been of the height of three or four feet from … PYAXEPSIA {wvavi^ia), a festival cele- … PYTHIA (n-iifJia), one of the four great

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this purpose contained a hippodromus or sents a very plain jewel-box, out of which a … himself. They were originally perhaps no- /\TTADRAGESIMA, the fortieth part of the … by the Spartan kings, two by each, as mes- … RAXTAL, or AMPHORA only, was the prin- … received a fourth part of the criminal's pro- … QUAESTOR (Tafias), a name given to two … this purpose contained a hippodromus or sents a very plain jewel-box, out of which a … himself. They were originally perhaps no- /\TTADRAGESIMA, the fortieth part of the … by the Spartan kings, two by each, as mes- … RAXTAL, or AMPHORA only, was the prin- … received a fourth part of the criminal's pro- … QUAESTOR (Tafias), a name given to two

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pointed, though probably no longer by the … and of course taken only from the patricians. … being elected to the office : at last, in b. c. … to superintend the sale of the boot}-, the … Rome, and gave the soldiers their pay; they

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the quaestors after their election at Rome, … lon! a.] … QUINQUATRUS or QUINQUATRIA, a … by Nero, a. u. 60, in imitation of the Greek … QUINQUENNALIS. [Colonia, p. 101, a.] … were frequently appointed under the republic … respecting the meaning of which see Forna- … REDEMPTOR, the general name for a … REMULCUM (pu/xouAKeif xa; vavs), a rope … TUXDAE, was the term used to designate … received in the Provinciae, or in the Urbs … the quaestors after their election at Rome, … lon! a.] … QUINQUATRUS or QUINQUATRIA, a … by Nero, a. u. 60, in imitation of the Greek … QUINQUENNALIS. [Colonia, p. 101, a.] … were frequently appointed under the republic … respecting the meaning of which see Forna- … REDEMPTOR, the general name for a … REMULCUM (pu/xouAKeif xa; vavs), a rope … TUXDAE, was the term used to designate … received in the Provinciae, or in the Urbs

319

Roma, either in the discharge of their juris- … The first lex on the subject was the Cal- … but a magistratus could not be accused during … M. Fonteius, and L. Flaccus, the two last of … senators. The lex had been passed when … (Slktvov), a net. Nets were made most com-

320

soars and deer (which, are seen within it), i ancones, vari). To dispose the nets in this … When old age had blunted his powers and … officer who discharged the priestly functions

321

first interrex could not hold the comitia for … the full regal authority and power. First, … Again, all the magistrates in the kingly … sessing the right of meeting at certain times … CUS, or REX BACRORUM. When the civil

322

was always elected and inaugurated in the … duty to try to propitiate the anger of the gods. … RICIXIUM, an article of female dress, … The sacrifices offered on this occasion con- … ROSTRA, or The Beaks, was the name ap-

323

so that the speaker might turn either to the … kind of sack or bag made of hair, cloth, or … the duumviri, the rex sacrorum, and the … so that the speaker might turn either to the … kind of sack or bag made of hair, cloth, or … the duumviri, the rex sacrorum, and the

324

by the pontiffs and the augurs, or hy the … superintended and regulated by the pontiffs. … place was a part of a temple or of a private house. … lieved to be consumed by the gods. All sa-

325

for in regard to the former they were in … sacrifices. The head of the victim, before it … touched anything belonging to the sacrifice … as an offering for itself. A third class of

326

opinion appears to have been the most com- … 8AGMINA, were the same as the verbenae, … SALII, priests of Mars Gradivus, said to … Salii carrying the Aneilia. (From an ancient Gem.)

327

Tullus Hostilius, or the Quivinalian, from … events, or a series of events, as in the modern … [Dioxysia.] The Corybantian was of a very was danced to the sound of the flute, and its

328

by the name of the Pyrrhic foot (""), which … Such was the Carpaea (KapwaCa), peculiar to … duced, who in the course of their dance riung … ei? fiaxaipas. "We learn from Tacitus that the … to dance. The mimetic dances of the Romans,

329

times of the republic, and under the empire, … SANDALIUM (craj'SaAioj/ or aavhakov), a … SARRACUM, a kind of common cart or … being the common offering of the more

330

nrtlia proper, commencing: on xvi. Kal. Dec, … signified cutting figures out of a solid mate- … steps, which were called scabella. A scam- … denoted a simple staff or walking-stick, was … and Persian measure, the length of which is … the pay of the Roman state. They were … from the officers of state to whom they were … SCRIPTURA, that part of the revenue of

331

tures, together with the number and quality … lum or Scbiplum (ypa^jxa), the smallest … made of wood or wicker-work, and from … kings and generals when abroad. When a … SECESPITA, an instrument used by the … hatchet. The axe was either made with a

332

of sitting upon this chair belonged to the j authority. We find it occasionally exhibited … introduced until long after the lectica was … Sellae, Chairs. (The nght-fannd figure from the Vatican … SENATUS. In all the republics of an-

333

affairs, as at Sparta and in early Rome, the … cancies in the senate arose from many of the … there were consequently 300 senators. The

334

when the real senators had voted, step over … When at length all the state offices had be- … re-elected at the next lustrum. This dis- … the emperor to make it up. As regards the … remained unaltered throughout the time of

335

■whatever measures the king thought proper … the proposal of the senate. The curies only … garded the senate as their common protector. … the point at issue. It depended upon the

336

president which of the opinions expressed he … L'ti, <$c.)" The names of the persons who … but others might assist if they chose, and a

337

original number of 100 [centum) senators. … SEP'TIMONTIUM, a Roman festival which … btjeinum. Raw silk was brought from the … Aristotle defends the justice of the institution … read as well of the purchase and sale of … of the country or separated from their fami- … The majority of slaves was purchased ; few

338

barians. The chief supply seems to have … either worked on their masters' account or … into the condition of metoici. They were

339

limiting the quantity of public land ■which a … upon them, who was generally called by the … The mechanical arts, which were formerly … were often entrusted with property to a large

340

either on a raised stone (hence de lapide … as the horse-jockeys of modern times : some- … came from the East had their ears bored, … tores); and the pertness and impudence of … a knowledge of any art which might bring … they also possessed the privilege of the tes- … tute a familia. Private slaves were divided … who had the superintendence of certain parts of … included the great body of slaves in a house … larly. This class also included the porters

341

the law docs not seem to have protected the … was the corn called far, of which either four … ever given them. Under the republic they … or by being sent to work in the Ergastulum … to wear the toga or bulla, nor females the … the Dii Manes of slaves (Dis Manibus).

342

The sestertius was the denomination of money … with the numeral adjectives below 1000 : … tertia nummum. For sums of a thousand … word. If so, it ought to be used only as the … SEXTARIUS, a Roman dry and liquid … to have been obtained in the reign of Tar- … and fifteen, of whom an account is given

343

it from Pugio, which denoted a dagger of the … stances of danger to have wrenched the eagle

344

ing several standards, represents the perform- … march out of the camp ; ad signa cvnvenire, … SITOPHYLACES (<m-ooWAaK.es), a board of … did so, was punishable with death. Of the

345

respect to the sale of corn in the market. … happened to sever a marriage contract, the … tida, and denoted a slipper or low shoe,

346

had either been conquered by the Romans, … usually obtained it subsequently. The con- … whenever Rome demanded them. The num- … nished them with provisions at the expense … however, did not, like those of the Italian … times auxilia externa. Towards the end of … SOLEA was the simplest kind of sandal … tio; and woodcut on p. 343.]

347

SOPHRONISTAE. [Gymnasium.] plate covered at the back with a thin leaf of … &c. These sortes or lots were usually little pieces of furniture, whereas metal mirrors … verbal response of an oracle. Various things … reconnoitre the ground and observe the … Lnokmg-glass held bv a Nymph. (From a Pamting at … SPIRA (o-Treipa), dim. SPIRULA, the base

348

Manubiae, Exuviae, Spolia. Of these Pineda … such as chariots, standards, beaks of ships … SPORTULA. In the days of Roman free- … to places of public resort when he went

349

6pofj.o9). The name stadium was also given … ally from the stater which was afterwards … STATOR, a public servant, who attended … the art of making statues or busts, whether … for the parts representing the flesh. The

350

him. Endneus of Athens is called a disciple … sentations of the gods. These statues were … The number of artists who flourished during … Aegina and Argos, while Chios gained the … bronze. The former of them made in477 b.c. … applied to statues of the gods, and it was not

351

for their artistic purposes. A third class of

352

Lysippus of Sicyon carried out the principles … in the Forum and other places.

353

thither from all parts of the empire for … have been used before the age of Hadrian. … of very exquisite workmanship. The best … before, and are awkward and poor ; the hair

354

A … the same word with the Greek o-niAos, and … hence to correct. The stylus was also termed

355

and was fastened round the body by a girdle, … especially peculiar to the democratic states … denotes, entrusted with the command on mili- … nos), a girdle or belt worn by women round … SUFFRAG1UM, a vote. At Athens the

356

the mode of voting at Home, see Comitia, p. … vated place made of materials heaped up … Lustratio; and woodcut on p. 343.] … growers exported their fruit in spite of pro- … punity. Hence the term o-vKo^avreiv, which … in the time of Aristophanes and Demosthenes … was a happy compound of the common bar-

357

pared with, the modern one of granting letters … SuAAoyei; tou <5?j|u.ou, or the Collectors of the … are all words used to signify a contract, but

358

warded with a crown, a garland, a cake, or … quently used as synonymous with the word … derived their name from the circumstance of … to the court of Areiopagus, or to the place … SYNEGORUS (o-vi/ijyopo;). In causes of … SYNGRAPHE (ovyypoufnj), signifies a writ- … loans of money, and all executory agree- … person, mutually agreed on between the

359

several families, a lodging-house, insula, as … ses. The synthesis appears to have been a … with some colour, and was not white, like the … is applied to a dress with a train. It was … dreia. The syssitia of the Cretans were … from the public tables. The guests were … even the kings, were excused from attend-

360

racter, and the contribution of each member … of sending them otherwise. … pieces of wood, usually of an oblong shape, … the t omitted, twktlov. The Latin word pu- … among the Komans for almost every species … wills, were almost always written on waxen … the time of the empire. Public notaries, … racter, and the contribution of each member … of sending them otherwise. … pieces of wood, usually of an oblong shape, … the t omitted, twktlov. The Latin word pu- … among the Komans for almost every species … wills, were almost always written on waxen … the time of the empire. Public notaries,

361

TALA.RIA, small wings, fixed to the ancles … a balance [Libra], then the substance … at the same place for different substances, … hut it is used only in the sense of a punish-

362

or other objects of a similar kind were em- … threw up into the air, or emptied out of a … and women, and heroes. Thus the throw, … nal proceedings for malversation or waste of

363

spective departments. Such were the Tpiijpo- … time to time for the prosecution of their … at Athens, next in rank to the strategi. … TEGULA (/ce'pa/u.05, dim, Kepajxi's), a roofing- … modern times, on account of its having been

364

female slaves {quasillariae), under the super- … the warp. All that is effected by the shuttle

365

thus made by a forcible impulse to drive the … traband or uncustomed goods, watched the … wholly or partly, at the expense of the indi-

366

to mean any payment in the nature of a tax … honour very rarely granted by the Athenians. … separated from the rest by the staff of the … minus. The place chosen for a templum was … mere sacra or aedes sacrae. Thus the sanc- … the sanctuary to pray or to offer sacrifices … columns. Those of an oblong form had

367

let in at the door, was now frequently let in … two columns in front between the antae. 3. … teral, with two ranges of columns (>Tepd) all … never more than ten columns in the end por- … AiderruAos, diastyle, the intercolumniation, or

368

immense treasures contained in many of the … on them, prevented from being taken into … dispose of their property according to the

369

two modes of making wills ; either at Calata … could not easily be set on fire. The batter- … driven over them. A testudo was formed

370

building-. The advantages of this plan were … to its etymological meaning, to signify the go- … but only in case of a heavy calamity having … nences, or on the sloping side of a hill. … parts of Greece and Asia Minor, although

371

of the rock, consisted of rows of benches … I and parallel with the benches. These pas- … contributed to increase the acoustic effect. … with boards. As the chorus was the clement

372

which was of course nearer to the stage than … observe what was going on at a distance.

373

come acquainted with the theatres of the … appears that a wooden stage was erected … tion, as the honorary seats of the equites.

374

pomp of the Circensian games, conveyed the … necessary to accompany the tensae in a litter. … others appear to have had the same honour … at Athens were comprised the monies ex- … celebrated with great splendour and at a … ceived the name of diobclia (Siw/SeAia). It is

375

In the earlier times there was no person, or … THEORI (Sewpoi), persons sent on special … duty it was to consult oracles, interpret the … THESAURUS (tfrjo-aupos), a treasure-house. … treasuries at all: some of the best archae-

376

THOLOS (fbAos, also called cr/ctas), a name … THRONUS (flpdVos), a throne, is a Greek … Kup/3acri'a), a hat with a large high crown. … THYRSUS (SOpo-os), a pole carried by … terminated by the apple of the pine, or fir-

377

the fistula or syrinx [Syrinx]. But among- … pipes" as a proper accompaniment, when he … either by the law or by the agreement of the

378

severe, he made a counter proposition. … the tirones twice, in the morning and after- … TITII SODALES, a sodalitas or college of … the Etruscans. The toga was the peculiar

379

in the Louvre, and a bronze figure of the elder … twisted, as in figs. 2 and 5. A variety again … fice, when necessary to cover the head, the

380

can spare an extra length, but in the statue … Gabino. —The colour of the toga worn by … There is an allusion to this custom in the … were first put on at festivals. The toga was

381

public solemnities, such as opening the tem- … TORMEXTUM (a^enjpia opyapa), a mili- … Greek.—By a decree of Scamandrius it was … pears to have been considered of more value … ornament of gold, twisted spirally and bent … Greek. The tragedy of the ancient Greeks

382

Dithyramb was danced by a chorus of fifty … heroes, a practice in which he was followed … ludicrous, i. e. the plot of them was some … card the Satyrs from his choruses. That he

383

its old characteristics, and inclining to heroic … at least formed a connected whole, called a … alluding in the first line to the mythic or … The custom of contending with trilogies (Vpi- … that he was considered the father of it. The … pears with less of sublimity and sternness … them speak the language of every-day life. … the rhetorical and forensic language of his

384

the principal persons of the drama, declare … cially by Aeschylus. It was common to the … Or the tale of Troy divine.'1 … It often expresses the reflections of a dispas- … Ovid wrote a tragedy on the subject of Me- … any of the Greek tragedies. Some fragments … of the most revolting violations of pro-

385

TRIBULA or TRIBULUM (TptjSoXos), a … the city the magistrates of the tribes, and … collecting the tributum, which they made

386

to the plebeians the right of appointing tri- … perty should be forfeited to the temple of … from each of the five classes, and subse- … themselves. The whole power possessed by

387

time farther than one mile beyond the gates … every thing had been decided in the college

388

But as the quaestorship, at least ir\ later … by it; but cases in which the people itself … During the latter period of the republic,

389

tribes and clans. Homer speaks of such di- … obae (io0cu), a word denoting a local division … of these divisions, how far they were local, … a new set of names; Dias (Aias), Athenais … derived from the sons of Ion, son of Xuthus. … the relations of the tribes to each other, by

390

cestor. These divisions, though the names … dissolved.—After the age of Theseus, the … and Parali (IldpaAot) or people of the sea- … celebrated constitution and code of laws. … tion, or division of the people into Pentaco- … demi (Sij.'-ioi), the number of which was after- … joined to make up a tribe. [Dkmus.] The

391

sion of more of the surrounding territory, … TRIBUTUM, a tax which was partly ap- … quently to pay the interest as well. It was … was raised according to the regions or tribes … portion of every thousand asses of the census, … TRICLINIUM, the dining-room of a Ro-

392

as long- as it was broad. The superintend- … the plan of a triclinium, it is evident that, … TRIERARCIIIA OpirjpapxiV), one of the … the year 412 b. c., after the defeat of the

393

only meant as a relief in case of emergency, … place in their internal arrangements, of which … to have done, considering that the trierarchy … for the symmoriae of the property-tax, the … to their property, so that the poor were be- … adds, that the consequences were highly be-

394

gave an exemption from all the rest during … TRIUMPHt'S (0piV/3°s), a solemn pro- … either by land or sea, but the latter were

395

That the war should have been a legitimate … nists of the Sullan party, nor Caesar after … or curious. 4. A body of flute players.

396

the foe. 8. The leaders themselves, and … dered robe {toga picta) and flowered tunic Capitoline hill, some of the hostile chiefs … his children of tender years, and sometimes … singing hymns to the gods, while others

397

displayed in the vestibulum of the family … according to the forms of even the ancient … Augustus in the earl}7 part of his career, yet … after were a common mark of the favour of … office. The following is a list of the most … They were elected by the people, the comitia … In conjunction with the aediles, they had to … to revise the lists of the equites, and to admit … they had to go round the city during the … traordinary officers elected in the Comitia … dae. W hen the supreme power was shared

398

five years more. The coalition between Ju- … elected in the Comitia Tribute in the time of … persons into the senate. This was previously … TROPAEUM (Tpoiraiov, Ait. rponalov), a

399

of individuals. [Spolia.] Subsequently, … of the Allobroges, when they built at the … was not until a late period used in the … fabricated for the Tyrrhenians by Athena, … TUMULTUS, the name given to a sudden

400

less consequence, though the fear might have … vvav), an under-garment. (1) Gkeek. The … in the company of men without any further

401

or clasps required in the Ionic dress. The … SlttXolSlov). It appears not to have been a … Uiploidion was fastened over the shoulders … The Athenian youths, in the earlier times,

402

in many folds, but the shape of the former is … were larger and longer than those of men, … people, who could not afford to purchase a … TURRIS (mjpyo*;), a tower. Moveable … as to overtop the walls, towers, and all other

403

windows, of which there were several to each … ditary monarchies became elective; the dif- … n.o;), or Prytanis (n-pvTayis), instead of Ba- … ing up as the champions of popular right. … with a sort of dictatorial power for that pur-

404

as the creation of a body-guard for him hy … a king; for the difference between the two … ever it might be restrained in practice by the … cKta.Sioi', a-/ci.a8«na)), a parasol, was used by … as the creation of a body-guard for him hy … a king; for the difference between the two … ever it might be restrained in practice by the … cKta.Sioi', a-/ci.a8«na)), a parasol, was used by

405

against the sun. They seem not to have … The application of unguenta in connection … was simply to preserve the health and elas- … general till towards the end of the republic,

406

URCEUS, a pitcher or water-pot, generally … USUSFRUCTUS was the right to the en- … VALLUM, a term applied either to the … URCEUS, a pitcher or water-pot, generally … USUSFRUCTUS was the right to the en- … VALLUM, a term applied either to the

407

ciroumvallation, of 'which some of the "best … ministers of finance, used to let the various

408

of this emperor we read r. c. c., that is, … YELITES, the light-armed troops in a Ro- … formed part of the games of the circus. Ju- … formed a regular part of the ludi circenses, … in a temporary canal or trench (euripus). At

409

among which we find mention of 600 lions, … the railings (clathri) by which they were … A … sufficient evidence of their guilt, like that of

410

ground for the suspicion. At Athens the … VER SACRUM (eros Upov). It was a … VESTALES, the virgin priestesses of Vesta, … Italy. The Lex Papia ordained that when a … voluntarily, and offered a daughter who ful-

411

ma, or Virgo Maxima, and we find also the … been pounded in a mortar, thrown into an … believing that something of awful sanctity … When condemned by the college of ponti- … all the rights of matrons who had borne … treaties, such as that of the triumvirs with

412

pomoerium. The}' were attired in a stola … locks. The following cut represents the … VESTIBULUXI. [Domtjs, p. 142, a.] … the country around Rome which have been

413

side and strewed with gravel, the different … blocks were set up at moderate intervals on … Brundusium.—2. The Via Latina, from the … Telesia, joined the Via Appia at Beneventum.

414

nium to Aternum on the Adriatic, thence to … Castrum Truentinum it reached the coast, … Fanum Fortunae on the Adriatic, while the … thing necessary for a perwn setting out on a … potestas and not imperium, such as the tri- … VICESlMA, a tax of five per cent. Every … VICUS, the name of the subdivisions into

415

city tribes of Servius Tullius were divided, … of the four regions of the four city tribes, … who had a sort of local police, and who, ac- … minores, among whom were included the Tri- … VILLA, a farm or country-house. The … VINALIA. There were two festivals of … VIXEA, in its literal signification, is a

416

strueted in a safe place at some distance … his Asiatic conquests he bestowed on the … and not until after this date were the merits … a tank of cold fresh wate" or buried in wet … such as the burranica potio, so called from

417

naria, an apartment on the ground-floor or a … cool and give air to the contents, to add any … the cclla vinaria, and usually placed in the … tation to have run its full course. But a … for some weeks upon the vine, the stalks … coloured (<appds). The Romans distinguish

418

off from the dolia into amphorae. When it … singly, or cooked up into a great variety of

419

Romans at their drinking entertainments, the … a wine bearing the same name was produced … ever for the remark that the finest Greek … The second rank was occupied by the Faler- … we place the Surrentinttm, from the promon- … being destitute of richness, and very dry, it

420

after at banquets. This list is closed by the … VIS. Leges were passed at Rome for the … VITRTJM (uaAos), glass. A story has been … some of the lumps of nitre which composed … tities to the workshops of Sidon and Alex- … Thus the i/eAos of Herodotus, in which the … cated. But when the same historian, in … tainty by Theophrastus, who notices the … familiar. Strabo declares that in his day a … of gold and silver ; and in the reign of Alex- … the emperor taxed to raise money for his

421

wrought according to the different methods … relief or intaglio of engraved precious stones. … vitreae camerae, and the panels vitreae quad- … VITTA, or plural VITTAE, a ribbon or … especially those of Vesta, and hence vittata … at the public expense, and as they distin- … XEXAGI (fevayoi'). The Spartans, as being … wrought according to the different methods … relief or intaglio of engraved precious stones. … vitreae camerae, and the panels vitreae quad- … VITTA, or plural VITTAE, a ribbon or … especially those of Vesta, and hence vittata … at the public expense, and as they distin- … XEXAGI (fevayoi'). The Spartans, as being

422

independence of the Greek states, had the … the council of war, as representatives of their … having neither of those titles, assumed to act … but a citizen was privileged to do, he was … XESTES (fe'o-nit), a Greek measure of ca- … extraordinary officers, appointed by the … the goods of condemned criminals and state … inventory of all such goods (a7ro7pa</)eii>) to … £o>p.a, £u)(rrr)p, niVpu), a girdle or zone, worn … independence of the Greek states, had the … the council of war, as representatives of their … having neither of those titles, assumed to act … but a citizen was privileged to do, he was … XESTES (fe'o-nit), a Greek measure of ca- … extraordinary officers, appointed by the … the goods of condemned criminals and state … inventory of all such goods (a7ro7pa</)eii>) to … £o>p.a, £u)(rrr)p, niVpu), a girdle or zone, worn

Table of greek and roman measures, weights, and money

423

OF … I. Greek Measures of Length. … IX. Greek Measures of Capacity. … (1) The As and its Uncial Di- … (2) Subdivisions of the Uncia 43?

424

GRECIAN MEASURES OF LENGTH. … 1 a 1 5 … 6 5 a … X.B.—Approximate Values. From the above Table, it will be seen that the Greek Foot, Cubit, … Palmus Major (of late times) … X.B.—Approximate Values. The Roman Uncia, h

426

ROMAN MEASURES OF LENGTH. … * See Note to Table III. … GRECIAN MEASURES OF SURFACE. … Axauu (Square of the /caAa/xos) .... … This differs from a rood, or a quarter of an acre, by little more than 2 perches ; for the rood

428

a … a

430

GRECIAN MEASURES OF CAPACITY. … Ekto? (equal to the … * See the Note to Table VII. + Or one quart. % Or one bushel and a half. … ROMAN MEASURES OF CAPACITY. … e. 1-4U1 of the Sextarius … Sextarius, i. e. i-6th of the … * See the Note to Table VII f See the Note to Table VIII

431

1. Eatios of the three chief Systems. … The Aeginetan Talent = fjcoo Aeginetan Drachmae = 7200 Euboic = 10,0:0 Solonian … * Also called the Attic Silver Talent. When Attic weights are spoken of without any further … * In this and the other tables the English weights used are those of the avoirdupois scale as … Or i of an oz.

433

I. The Uncial Divisions of the Pound. … i ^ ! i-A- I As, or Libra … * This only differs from the ounce avoirdupois by less than 7 grains. … II. Subdivisions of the Uncia.

434

L Before the Reign of Augustus : when the Denarius was 1-7U1 of an Ounce, or about … Money of Account {not … * For the subdivisions of the gold money, see Auruji. … After the Reign of Augustus: when the Denarius was i-3th

436

a.d. 01. … A. d. 01.

Calendarium

437

of the … a … a 3 … a) … (of the month

Greek index

438

The numerals indicate the pages, and the U tters a and b the first and second columns respectively. … 'Aym/Aiji 200, a. … 'Aycuj/Lorcu. 47, a. … Aikicls Slkyj, 16, a. … Attupa, 11, a. … 'A/cpartCT/ixa, 95, a. … 'A/cwK)j, 199, b. … 'AAvtcu, 18, a; 275, a. … A/x^opeu's, 2 J, a. … Av9viraT09, jio, a. … Avriypa^nJ, 27, a; 132, a. … Afwv, 124, a.

439

'A?rauAi.a, 250, b. … "Attolkoi, 9 j, a. … 'AirOTLiJ.-rjiJ-a, I45, b. … 'Aprafi-q, 43, a. … ~Bdpa6pov, 57, a. … BoAi's, 76, a. … Bpaupajfta, 62, a. … TaprjAia, 19;, a. … VeveLov, 57, a. … Tvatfievs, 184, a. … rvpracrtof, 197, a.

440

Eu^atKcuytTt?, 140, a. … Aa/aoa-i'a, l6l, b; JOI, b. … Aeirn'Of, 95, a. … At/carrjAoyot, 128, a. … AttAKUtrrtVSa rrat^eii', 198, a. … ALKao"Tr/5, IJI, a. … cfouAr/9, 152, a. … Atp.ax<xt, IJ5, b; 164, a. … €f aarei, or peyd\a, IJ 5, b. … AdAtoy, 140, a. … Avp.ava.rai, J89, a. … *Ey/cA7yp.a, I JI, b. … EicrTroieta-Sai, 7, a. … 'EicAoyets, 149, a. … <EAKva"TtV5a irai^eiv, 198, a. … '' VJp.fi\r)p.a, 152, a. … "ErSup-a, 19, b. … 'Ef7jyr)Tat, 160, a; 160, b.

441

'E£»pet£, 262, a. … 'ETrayyeAia, T5?» a* … 'Ettcictoo'ioi', 384, a. … 'Etti^oAtj, i?5,a. … 'Em'/cA^pos, 155, a. … ETTip-iiAtor, 2*6. a. … 'E7rt(TTuAtoi') 102, a; 155, b. … 'E7Ttu/3eAta, 156, a. … 'Ecrxapa, 31, a; 141, b; 180, b. … EuSetTri'os, ii, a. … 'Er/)e'(ri.?, 29, a* … ZcLKopoi, 10, a. … Zvyov, 161, a; 217, a; 245, b; … Za)p.6? p.e'Aa.5, 160, a. … 'Hyep.oVe<? <rvau.opLujv, fyt, a. … 'IIp.c'pa Kvpia tov vijiov, 94» a- … Hpa>oi', 186, a. … ©apyTjAta, 370, a. … ®e'p-a, 46, a. … 0eroc, 7, a. … I ©vpwpo?, 140, b; 215, a.

442

OlfTTJptOl', j i, a. … "lySrjl'IySts, 2 57, a. … 'Ip.a-ri'ciioi', 28j, a. … "Itrfyua, 214, a. … Kapdpa, 69, a. … Ka7TT]Aeior, 77» a- … KapTrai'a, 323, a. … KepKi'8es, 364. b; 371, a. … Krjpoypatt>ia, 295» a« … ] KAatfpoi', 215, a. … Kdpv//.j3o;, 103, a. … Kovpd, 103, a.

443

Kiiiuv, 362, a. … AeiTOvpyCa., 224, a. … Ae'xos, 222, a. … ArjjiapxtKW ypapip.a.Teioi', … Ai^vpyi's, 239, a ; 262, b. … Aovrrjp, 55, a. … MaaTiyordp-Ol, 249, a. … Moi'oxtVcoi', 401, a. … MuAos, 256, a. … Of/cos. … NatSiov, 186, a. … NeAcpoSetTrroi', 187, a. … NewKopoi, 10, a; 269, a. … 'OjSoAd;, 145, a ; 361, b.

444

Oii'LGTrjpia, 103, a. … 'Oxpi'Sa;, J 72, a. … "Ovos, 256, a. … 'Opyind, 278, a. … Ilaial', 27y, a. … WaparTK-qviov, 372, a. … neAxao-Tai, 42, a; 16;, a; … EfoTaAitftginp, 362, a. … IlepTijKWTopog, 260, b ; 262, a. … Ht)Vt>, 364, a. … TIAoioi', 259, b; 262, a.

445

\lopi(TTai, 30?, a; 362, b. … IIovs, 292, a. … TIpi>raFetoi>, Ji J, a. … Iluyfxa^ta, 315> a … HvOlol, 316, a. … SaKfco?, 101, b ; 103, a; 32J, a. … 2tro5etat, 345- a- … ^Kta^rjpoi/, 206, a. … ^.ndpyavov, 212, a. … ^.TOLxelov, 2c6, a. … I SuAAoyels, 357, a.

446

2up./3dAaioi', 3i7, a. … Sunjyopos, 160, b; 358, a. … Sipatpa, 296, a. … 2<pi'8es, 246, a. … Tatw'a, 264, b : 355, b. … Tel^os, 257, a. … T6V01, 222, a. … Tpta/caSe?, 389, a. … Tpt7)po^oioi, 261, a ; 363, a. … 'JaAapoi', 292, a. … ttap/xaKOt, 370, a.

447

■Sacryaiw, 196, a. … 'fopeioi', 221, a. … ^vA.aKTTjptoi^, 24, a. … Xa.Aij/69, 182, a. … Xeiporoi'ia, 34, a ; 83, b. … Xoes, 136, a. … Xopds, 8;, a; 198, b. … Xpvcrou?, 349, a.

Latin index

448

A. … Aoclamatlo, 2, a. … Acbaicum fcedua, j, a. … Aclis, 4, a; 201, a. … Actio, 5, a; 11), b. … Actor, 6, a. … Adcrescendi jure, 204, a. … Ailcptio, 7,a. … Aebutia lex, 226, a. … Aeditimi, 10, a. … Aes, 12, a. … Aetolicum fcedus, i}, a. … scriptuarius, jji, a. … Agonalia, 15, a. … Agrimensores, 16, a. … Alauda, 17, a. … Alites, 50, a.

449

Altare, ji, a. … Annus magnus. 66, a. … Antenna, 267, a. … Apodyterlum, 56, a. … Apparitio, 29, a. … Alsietina, or Augusta, 30, a … Prusi, ?7, a. … Arrogatio, 7, a. … Ascia, 44, a. … Asyli jus, 46, a. … Athletae, 47, a. … Atramentum, 48, a. … senatus, 336, a. … 366, a. … Augustus, 53, a; 68,

450

Authepsa, 54. a. … Axis, 124, a. … Baebia lex, 227, a. … Balteus, 57, a. … Basterna, a. … Bes, 44, a. … Bldens, 59, a; 268, b. … Biremis, 59, b; 260, a. … Bracae, or Braccae, 62, a. … Buccinator, it, a. … Caecilia lexde censoribus, 227,a. … Caelia lex, 2?6, a. … Calculator, 65, a. … i lex de repetundis, 119, a. … 1 Cancelli, 69, a; 107, b. … Candida tug, 18. b; 380, a. … Capite censi. 71, a. … Capsarii, 56, a; 71, a. … Catapbracti, lb. a. … Celeres, 78, a.

451

Centesima, 82, a. … Centussis, 44, a. … Ceruchi, 267, a. … Cetra, 83, a. … Chlamys, 84, a. … Gabinus, 383, a. … Classic!, 171, a. … Clepsydra, 207, a. … equitatae, 171, a. … Colores, 295, a. … Coma, 103, a. … Commercium, 92, a. … Concamerata sudatio. 56, a. … 319, a- … Convivinm, 357, a. … agrar'a, 228, a. … de repetundis, 319, a. … a.

452

228, a. … obsidionalis, 118, a. … sacerdotalis, 119, a. … Corporati, 98, a. … Cosmetae, 120, a. … Cumera, 252, a. … Cursores, 125, a. … Cyatbus, 12;, a. … Decanus, 117, a. … Decennalia, or Decennia, 128, a. … DeeusMS, 44, a. … Delectus, 167, a. … Designator, 188, a. … Dialis flainen, 180, a. … Diem dicere, 216, a. … fasti, 135, a! lT5, a.

453

Divorttum, 139, a. … Dolinm, 140, b; 417, a. … Ducenarii, 146, a ; 21*, a. … Duodecim scripta, 221, a. … Eculeus, 159, a. … Emblema, 152, a. … Euripus, 2 2, a ; 408, b. … Exsul, 173, a. … Extraordinarii, 167, a ; 346, a. … Familiae emptor, 174, a. … dies, 17;, a. … Fauces, 88, a ; 14!, a. … stultorum. i3 i, a. … Fideicommissum, 179, a.

454

FIG D LIN" A. … Fistula, 359, a. … Flamen, 180, a. … Foculus, 14;, a; 180, b. … Fons, 181, a. … Fulcra, 222, a. … Fimes, 222, a; 267, b. … Gabinia lex, 229, b ; 2j6, a. … Gomphi, 41;, a. … Herediam, 217, a. … Hermogenianus codex, 9;, a. … Hora, I t5j a.

455

Januarius, 67, a. … lnjuriarum actio, 213, a. … de foeuore, 230, a. … de sacerdotiis, 324, a. … de vi publicaet privata, 212,a, … Junia lex repetundarum, 3 [9, a. … Jurisdictio, 117, a; 218, a. … civitatis, 92, a. … Labarum, 344, a. … Laciniae, 220, a. … Lapicidinae, 221, a. … Larva, 29:, a. … Latinus, 92, a ; 181, a. … Lavatio calda, ?6, a. … Legatus, 222, b ; 313, a. … Legitimae actiones, 5, a.

456

Leria, 402, a. … agraria, 14, b; 226, a. … Antia, 236, a. … Apuleia majestatis, 247, a. … Baebia, 227, a. … Campana, 2? 5, a. … Centuriata, 79, a. … Clodiae, 18 (, a ; 227, b. … de novis tabellis, 228, a. … de repetundis, 519, a. … Homitia de sacerdotiis, 324, a. … 22>), a. … Julia de adulteriis, 8, a. … Memo da, or Remmia, ^9, a. … Ogulnia, 2 32, a. … 2?2, a. … Plautia Papiria, 232, a. … Pompeia de vi, 212, a; 232, b. … Publiliae, 233, a.

457

Lex Rubria, 2 !4, a. … Titia de alea, 17, a. … Tribunicia, 2JB, a; 236, b. … Visellia, 237, a. … Libra, 239, a. … Li men, 21;, a. … Literae, jto, a. … Locus liberatuset effatus, 366, a. … Lucta, 242, a. … liberales, 137, a. … scenici, 2c6, a; 242, a. … Trojae, 90, a. … Lupus ferreus, 244, a. … societaiis, 246, a. … Malleolus. 247, a. … Manipulares. 168, a. … Martialis flamen, 180, a. … Matralia, 249, a. … Matura, 201, a. … Memmia lex, 69, a

458

Mensarii, 254, a … Metae, 87, a … Minores, 123, a; 246, b. … Missus, 9c, a. … Morbus comitialis, ic3, a. … Mulsum, 418, a. … Maries, 411, a. … Nacra, 184. a. … Xaumachia, 268, a. … Nobiles, 270, a. … Nonae, 66, a. … Obices, 21;, a. … Ogulnia lex, 232, a. … Olympia, 274, a. … Opalia, 276, b ; 330, a. … Opus incertum, 258, a. … Orca, 345, a. … Orichalcum, 278, a.

459

Ostium, 88, a; 142, b; 214, b. … Ovinia lex, 232, a. … Pala, 26, a, … Parentalia, 191, a. … Pascua, 407, a. … familias, 174, a. … conscripti, 33!, a. … Patriuionium, 174, a. … Pecunia, 12, a; 40, a; 53, b. … 39°. a- … Pero, 291, a. … Phalarica, 201, a. … J Phaselus, 293, a. … Pila, 257, a; 296, a; 343, b. … Planip.-des, 256, a. … Plebeii, 298, a. … Plebs, 298, a. … Pons, 107, b; 3C2, a. … suffragiorum, 303, a.

460

dinaria, 75, a. … Port!tores, jc6, a. … Praedes, 216, a. … Praerogativa tribus, 1C9, a. … 112, a. … Praetoria eobors, 309, a. … Princeps juventutis, 1^9, a. … via, 7;, a. … Proconsul, 310, a. … Prodlgun, 12;, a. … Propuguaculum, 381, a. … Prosecta, 325, a. … Pteron, 253, a. … Publicani, 314, a. … Pugilatus, 315, a. … Puteal, 315, a. … Pythia, 277, a; 315, b. … Quadrans, 44, a. … Quadrupes, 288, a. … viarum curandarum, 318, a;

461

Reda, 322, a. … Relegatio, 173, a. … Reticulum, 10;, a; 519. b. … Robur, 72, a. … Rogationes Liclniae, 231, a. … Rostrum, 264, a. … Sagmina, 326, a. … Scena, 372, a. … Scribere, 331, a. … Sella, 1J4, a; 3JI, b. … Semunciarium lenus, 177, a. … September, 66, a. … Sera, 215, a.

462

Sicarius, 54?, a. … Silvani et Carbonis lex. 92, a. … Solidus, 54. a. … Sonlidati, 380, a. … Spina, 87, a. … Sportula, 348, a. … Sudatio concamerata, 56, a. … Snlpidae leges, 23;, a. … publicae, 317, a. … Tectores, 31, a. … Temo, 31, b; 124, a; 297, b. … 183, a. … Thargelia, 370, a. … Thronus, 376, a.

463

Tibicinium, 577, a. … pura, 380, a. … Tormentum, 267, a; 381,3. … Tremissis, 54, a. … Triens, 44, a. … Trinmpbaliaornamenta, J97, a, … epulones, 156, a. … perslgnandis, 398, a. … Tunis, 402, a. … 2g,b; 2?7, a. … Vespae, 188, a. … Vestibulum, 142, a. … Via Principalis, 75, a. … Vico magistri, 415, a.

464

Vindex, 5, a. … Umbilicus, 2}8, a. … Uncia,44, a; 176, b; 405, a. … Universitas, 98, a. … Usus fructuarius, 406, a. … Xystus, 208, a.

English index

465

A. … Bow, 37, b. I Cooks, 97, a. … Brass, 12, a ; 278, a. preservation of, 34;, a … Axle, 124, a. … Cowl, 122, a. … Calendar (Greek), 65, a. … Chimneys, 145, a. … Combs, 288, a.

466

Felting, 297, a. … Furnace, 56, a; 182, a. … Inheritance (Greek), 203, a. … Oath (Greek), 218, a. … Knights (Athenian), 81, D. i Officers, duty of, 75, b. … Masks, 291, a. … Month (Greek), 6;, a. … Pay of soldiers, 354, b. … Poisoning, 409, a. … Prow, 263, a. … Races, 87, a.

467

Sacrifices, 324, a. … Sdk, 337, a. … Standards, military, 34?, a. … Talent, 361, a. … Throne, 376, a. … Tribunes, 385, a. … Veil, 408, a. … Weaving, 364, a. … Wine, 416, a.

Classified index

468

Under each liead the names of the artictts in the Index are given in which the subject is explained. … Arm a.

469

Classes of Citizens … Division of Land. … the Toilet. … of Time.

470

[In the text an al- … Forms of Govern-

473

of curatores is … of the principa … of magistri is

474

THE END.

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Table XL

GREEK AND ROMAN MEASURES AND WEIGHTS.

431

TAE1E XI.

GRECIAN WEIGHTS.

1. Eatios of the three chief Systems.

Aeginetan : Euboic or old Attic
Aeginetan : Solonian or later Attic
Euboic Solonian

or
or

6

5

5

3

r38|

100

100

72

25

18

The Aeginetan Talent = fjcoo Aeginetan Drachmae = 7200 Euboic = 10,0:0 Solonian
Euboic ,, = 50CO y, =6000 ,, = 8,333' ,,

Solonian* ,, = 3600 ,, =43:0 ,, = 6,000 ,,

* Also called the Attic Silver Talent. When Attic weights are spoken of without any further
distinction, these are generally intended.

2. Aeginetan Weights.

Exact.*

Approximate.

lb.

oz.

grs.

lb.

oz.

grs.

Obol ('O/SoAris)........

»»

9 J

18-472!

9 9

> >

20

6

Drachma (Apaxp-rj).....

1 >

110-833

9 *

1

I

,,

6co

100 1 Mina (Mra).....

1

9

145-83 "it

if

1 t

y y

36,000

60CO | 60 | Talent (TdKavrov)

95

>'

100

"

"

* In this and the other tables the English weights used are those of the avoirdupois scale as
Bxed by statute; namely, the grain = the Troy grain, the ounce = 4571 grains, the pound -
16 ounces = 7000 grains. + Or ^ of an oz.

3. Euboic or Attic Commercial Weights.

Exact.

Approximate.

lb.

oz.

grs.

lb.

oz.

grs.

Obol .

,,

y y

I5-398^

»»

6

Drachma . . . . . . .

y )

92-36115

y y

j i

93i

6co

ido Mina . . " .

I

5

48'6uj

I

36. coo

6000 | 60 I Talent.....

79

2

291-63!

80

4. Attic Commercial Weights increased.

Exact.

Approximat'.

lb.

oz.

grs.

lb.

oz.

grs.

I Mina = 150 Drachmae (silver) .....
5 Minae = 6 Minae (commercial) ....
1 Talent = 65 Minae (commercial) ....

ll

6

14

350 2
291-6!
145-8}

n
90

j >
> i
j '

y y

5. Attic Silver Weights.

Exact.

Approximate.

lb.

oz.

grs.

lb.

oz.

grs.

Obol
~6

Drachma . . . . ...

> y
9 9

) 9

11-08331
665

J 9
t 9

» >

12

70

600

ICO I Mina......

9 ,

15

87-5*

I

» 9

■ ,

36,000

6coo 60 | Talent ....

57

• •

6c

••

Or i of an oz.

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