Smith, William: A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities (London, 1871)

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Smith, William
A smaller dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities — London, 1871

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https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.13855#0459

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A SERIES OF HISTORICAL CLASS BOOKS FOR … THE STUDENT'S MIDDLE AGES OF EUROPE. By … THE STUDENTS HISTORY OF FRANCE. From the … (1) The Republic. … THE STUDENT'S OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. From

THE STUDENT'S ENGLISH LANGUAGE. By GEORGE … THE STUDENT'S ELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY. By Sm … THE STUDENT'S MORAL PHILOSOPHY". With Quo- … MRS. MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From … STORIES FOR CHILDREN: selected from the History … A SMALLER HISTORY OF GREECE. With 74 Wood-

Schmutztitel

THE STUDENT'S HUME ; a History of England from the Invasion

Verlagsinformation

OF … CLASSICAL EXAMINEE IX THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, AND EDITOR OP THE … The right of Translation is reserved.

A COMPLETE LATIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Based on the

Titelblatt

A BACUS (ajSaf), denoted primarily a square I —"a crime committed by a very deep phi- … ACAENA (a/cat'n), a/caira, or in later Greek … ABOLLA, a cloak chiefly worn by sol- … A BACUS (ajSaf), denoted primarily a square I —"a crime committed by a very deep phi- … ACAENA (a/cat'n), a/caira, or in later Greek … ABOLLA, a cloak chiefly worn by sol-

to court; they preserved order in the courts … yon potest melius, &c. Under the empire the … — (2) A Roman measure of capacity, fluid

A.CHAICUM FOEDUS. The Achaean league … Tritaeeis (Tritaea). After the time of Hero- … Aratus persuaded all the more important … frequently happened that men of great merit … ACIXACES (aKii'd)o)9), a Persian sword,

the mode of wearing it, is illustrated by the … ACLIS, a kind of dart with a leathern … means any thing heard, was the name given … is sometimes used to designate the anagnostae. … a hill, rock, or some natural elevation, there … ACROTERIUM (aKpwnjpio»), signifies the … Patrum, contained an account of the various … They contained, 1. A list of births and

ACTIA (<x/cTta), a festival celebrated every … perhaps one of the earliest writers on law, … cording to the laws of the Twelve Tables, was … variation than the insertion of the names of … case of the defendant making default, con- … at law. The defendant might either deny

ft judex might be demanded. The forms of … A person might maintain or defend an action … deed we might conclude from the word itself. … seem to have been built in a lighter style … signify a bridle-way. … under the empire who were admitted to the … The senators called adlecti seem to have been … ADMISSlONALES, chamberlains at the im-

in the Latin writers in referring to a person … but females could be adopted (by testament … was transferred to the power of the person … paid to the gods in the following manner :—

with impunity; and the law was also the … The word adulterium properly signifies, in … probable that, by the old law or custom, if … ported by the Athenian state, who, on account … aid in any affair or business, as a witness for … AEDILES (ayopam/j-oi). The name of

by the owners or pulled down. The care of … to bare show, but comprehended objects of … thenceforward, at least so long as the office of

laie as the time of the emperor Gordian. The … have resembled the aediles of Rome. They … quently among the Greeks, the menial ser- … of the armour of Zeus, whom on this account

in the cut.) The later poets and artists … honour of Icarius and his daughter Erigone. … they lost the jushonorum and the suffragium. … AERARIUM (to S^iJ-otrLOf), the public trea-

AES (xo-Ako;), properly signifies a compound … rowed from the Roman bankers (argentariij, … and AES MILITARE, were the ancient terms … (orbi), provided the}' possessed a certain

Cyme and Chalcedon, it was the title borne … respect to such children, the step-father and … out to farm. 2. The land which was then

2. The hind which had previously served as … way the number of free labourers was dimi-

AGONALIA or AGOXIA, one of the most … the Grecian games who decided disputes, and … the staff which they carried as an emblem of … tionaries in most of the Grecian states, whose … AGRAULIA (aypowAia) was a festival cele-

los, the daughter of Cecrops. It was perhaps … a college established under the Roman empe- … however, occurred in the days of Plutarch. … a festival celebrated every year at Athens in … who were accustomed to travel through the … ter. The term seems to have been employed

speaks of golden alabastra. These vessels … in all probability identical with the chlamys.

courage them before battle, or on other occa- … in honour of Demeter and Dionysus, the in- … it was to keep order in the public games. … 6ia or dfxapuo-ia), a festival of Artemis Ama- … AMBITUS, which literally signifies " a … the elector, persons called interpretes were … for ten years. The Lex Cornelia Fulvia

a candidate promised [pronuntiavit) money … law could suppress, so long as the old popular … AMBROSIA (afx0poo-t'a), the food of the … AMICTUS. The verb amicire is commonly … e77tjSAr;p.a, and eTrt^dAatoc, TreptjSArj/LLa, and 7repi- … of neighbouring tribes, formed for the regu- … of these associations was of much greater … clearly of remote antiquity. It was originally … or Achaeans of Phthia, Malians, and Phocians;

tLo states belonging to each of these tribes … Athens, an Ionic city, was on a par with Ere- … that each of the tribes had only two votes, it … the property of the god, or be privy to or … swept from the face of the earth by Alex-mJer,

opposition. Indeed, a few years before the … ap.<pioi> ^p.ap), a family festival of the Athe- … was a place for the exhibition of public shows … of ground, and was capable of containing

instances at least, a sort of net-work affixed … of distinction, such as foreign ambassadors ; … Elevation of one side of the preceding Section.

priated to the senators and equites were … AMPULLA (ArjKveos, PouPvkic*;), a bottle,

the word was used by Horace to indicate grand … nection with the bath, since every Roman took … bian merchants, together with the articles to … was used to signify the pleadings preparatory

ANAGOGIA (avayu-yta), a festival cele- … ANDROGEONIA (dv5poyewi>ia), a festival … ipt-ov), a legal means by which the Athenians … of that state or city, as hostages, until satis- … ANGARIA (dyyapei'a, Hdt. dyyaprjioj'), a … pomum).—(1) The produce of the year in … ments, but as articles for use, as the ring … or were found guilty of a criminal offence,

in the workmanship of the engraver. The … in the East and in Greece. Some persons … at Home, the investigation of the facts of the … to make way for them through the crowd. … in architecture to cover the frieze (zophoriis) … ANTHESPHORIA \if0ea-<j>6pia), a flower- … the language of the Attie courts, peculiarly

charged to take the office in his stead, or … ANTYX (avTv£), the rim or border of any … sentatives (/cu'ptoi), before the assembled

as that of the father, was entered into the … celebrated in honour of Aphrodite, in a great … in the place of the ancient colacretae (xajAa- … APOGRAPHS (iTToypacM), literally, " a … APOLLONIA (an-oAAwna), the name of a … ferent, acceptations in the Attic dialect. In

arose in the East on the dismemberment of … or avaSiKLii.) Owing to the constitution of … It is to be observed also, that in general a … no appeal. On this Livy remarks, that the … signified first, any building or portion of a

from the hills which surround the Campagna.

and the water either ran directly through this … thority. They were attended outside the city … bathing, &c, into the female apartments. … a general term denoting any structure ele- … of certain kinds of leaves and flowers, which … and were called rerbenae. The altars con-

below its junction with the pole, was used to … ARCA (ki/3wtos). (l) A chest, in which

were buried, or the bier on which the corpse … public place belonging to the magistrates, but … tojhktj), architecture. The necessity for a … the term in its lower sense, would be required … Theatrum, Amphitheatrum. Lastly, the

sprung u]i in all the principal Greek cities ; … these various erections were adorned by the … this time, the Greco-Roman style had become

a good son, and qualified in point of property, … This archon had also the superintendence … quired that she should be a citizen of pure … been, in a great measure, transferred to the

application the Romans were enabled to exe-

sengers. Those actually made use of on the … of more durable materials. Stertinius is the … \ larger than the arch of Titus. As a specimen … The upper of the two figures below shows … covered with clay and smoothed with a roller. … and sphere of duty, that he may almost be … suppose that it was aristocratical, the mem-

formed the two councils, the senate and the … committed, but the guilty parties were not … to punish the impious and irreligious. Inde-

ARETALOGI, persons who amused the … property. The business of the argentarii may … thorised by him in person or receiving a … ing double entry. 'When a party found to be … and sometimes they undertook to sell the

4RGENTUM (apyvpos), silver. The rela- … on one occasion, exchanged silver for gold in … From a very early period, silver was used … ARGYROCOPEION (ipyvpoKonelov), the … rings were attached for the purpose of suspend-

As soon as the government ceased to be thus … that the word apioTOKpaTi'a. is never, like … on-Aa), arms, armour. Homer describes in … the MiVpT) underneath, and the zone ((<^vri, … (fi'tpos, ensis, gladius), hung on the left side … occupied the front of the army. In later … Besides the heavy and light-armed soldiers,

(TreATaaraO, also formed a part of the Greek … that of the psili, was much lighter than that … ARMILUSTRIUM, a Roman festival for | … xAi.6W, dp.rpio'ed), a bracelet or armlet, worn

wise unknown to them. After this the girls … ARTEMISIA (apTeftio-Ki), a festival cele- … amusements. Festivals of the same name, … A.RURA (dpovpa), a Greek measure of sur- … ARVALES FRATRES, formed a college or

the number of ounces they contained. They … uncia, consisting respectively of 11, 10, 9, 8, … Other multiples of the as were denoted by … and money, but to measures of length, sur- … ASEBEIAS GRAPHE (ao-e^'a;ypa^i}), one

pagus rose or fell at the different periods of … ASSERTOR, or ADSERTOR, contains the … ypa<t>ri), the accusation instituted at Athens … praedieta, Astrologorum praedicta. The stars

Mercurius. The exact period of hirth [hora … Befxa, and the star or stars in the ascendant … praetor, by which the Chaldaeans were or- … burthens, was enjoyed at Athens by the … by Roman citizens of noble birth, who were … were sometimes honoured with the presence

who contended in the public frames of the … ATIMIA (ai-i/nta), the forfeiture of a man's … (xeAo/j.wi'e;), terms used in architecture, the

ported the vault of heaven, the latter perhaps … bility more resembling the ink now used by … an enhancement," and hence the name is ap-

viewed as the chief actor or doer, the word … this sense, it means a tutor who is appointed … AUCTORITAS. The technical meanings … being a correlation of auctor. … PICIUM. Augur or auspex meant a diviner … The belief, that the flight of birds gave some

the latter people that it was reduced to a … gave auguries by their flight. To the former … then called adversae or alterae. The birds … were taken from the feeding of chickens, and … Roman camp a place called augwrale, which

Campus Martins, when the eomitia centuriata … appear that every patrician might take the … and was acquainted with the art of augury. … tione), and belonged only to the highest ma- … longed to the other magistrates, the censors,

did not possess the auspices, they conse- … was regarded as ratified by the gods. The … he nor any of the educated classes appears to … celebrated in honour of Augustus, at Rome

which is usually meant when the Augustales … and Germanicus, as members of the imperial … stituted in imitation of the Augustales at … the first emperor of the Roman world. The … two or even a greater number of Augusti. … in Greece. The chief places from which the … understand by the phrase xpvaiov aTr«j>6ov iv. … the first silver coinage [Argentum], that is,

of 40 to the pound, which •weight was dimi- … as a regular tribute, and was sometimes … the name of a vessel which is supposed to … was also given to those cities subject to the … AXONES (a£oi<es), also called kurbeis … a bath. Balneum or balineum signifies, in … of 40 to the pound, which •weight was dimi- … as a regular tribute, and was sometimes … the name of a vessel which is supposed to … was also given to those cities subject to the … AXONES (a£oi<es), also called kurbeis … a bath. Balneum or balineum signifies, in

was only used for the bather to sit in, 'while … as early as the time of Herodotus. At what … order that the skin might not be left harsh bited any baths, common to both sexes, from

were anointed with oil. The Romans did not … to have been a capacious marble vase, some-

reign of Augustus, was the first who afforded … BALTEUS (reXaixuv), a belt, a shoulder … ma (opf7^a), a deep cavern or chasm, like … BARBA (wuryiav, yeveiov, virqirq'), the beard. … brought over a barber from Sicily ; and Pliny … followed, and shaving became a regular thing. | … (0dp/3n-oi'), a stringed instrument, the ori-

than half, nor less than one-third of the … ncficiis in these passages may mean that the … fought with wild beasts in the games of the … jSijSaiW), primarily, the place where a collec-

Philadelphus, who also appointed a fixed … whose business was to inspect the gymnastic … BIREMIS. (1.) A ship with two banks of … BOEDROMIA ((3o7)SP^ia), a festival cele- … BOXA, property. The phrase in bonis is

obtain the Quiritarian ownership of it by … from him. Or if a hercs cx parte, or a le- … the absence of all fraud and unfair dealing or … bonae fidei actioncs. The formula of the … the real merits of the case : sometimes aequius … kinds of bonorum cessio, in jure and extra jus. … to retain a small portion of his property for … succeed to it. In the case of the property of … of the blood ; but not children who had been

BOREASMTJS (fSopeavfxos or 0opeao-p.oi'), a … intimately connected with the early history of … the heroic ages, represented to us by Homer, … made the number of bis boule 400, 100 from

others of a different character, viz. such as I … risen from the circumstance that the bear was … The buccina seems to have been chiefly dis- … from wood or metal, so as to imitate the … BULLA, a circular plate or boss of metal,

bolt; but we most frequently read of bullae … BUXUM or BUXUS, probably means the … CADUCEUS (KripvKeiov, xr^pvKiov), the staff … CAELATURA (topcvtikt)), a branch of the … of gold and silver plate. The ornamental … bolt; but we most frequently read of bullae … BUXUM or BUXUS, probably means the … CADUCEUS (KripvKeiov, xr^pvKiov), the staff … CAELATURA (topcvtikt)), a branch of the … of gold and silver plate. The ornamental

subjects, and, for armour, of battles. The … CAESAR, a title of the Roman emperors, … scent of Caesar's family ; but although the … the latter to take the title of Caesar; and … usually signified the basket in which women … which the mere sole of a shoe was attached

wearing bracelets, a wreath of ivy, and a … with a small cicocent : we do not find on any … various purposes, as, for instance, among the … were entered the names of a person's debtors, … The intercalary month was a second Poseideon

second day of the month." The days of the … ber. That March was the first month in the … The year thus consisted of 355 days, and this

pontifex maximus, in the correction of this … cember two intercalary months of G7 days, … fi. a. d. VIII. Id. Jan. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … a. … The letters a d are often, through error, writ- … of no avail, as they are probably accusatives. … In which the words prior and posterior are

tn the second Julian year, that is, the year … for the future three such intercalations in the … Thus, according to the Julian calendar, the … CALLIS, a beaten path or track made by … his proof, and the accused party was ac-

of judgment, he acquitted him in the form … CAMARA Oajxapa), or CAMERA. (1) A … in other words, according to the expression of … CAMPESTRE (sc. subligar), a kind of … a porter, who stood at the latticed or grated

tion it most commonly occurs. The cande- … CANDYS (icai'Sus), a robe worn by the … CANEPHOROS ((tainj^opos), a virgin who … sometimes the frankincense were deposited. … CANTICUM, an interlude between the acts … CA.PISTRUM (<J>op/3eia), a halter, or tie for … CAPSA, or SCRINIUM, a box for holding

xc.rinioruui, and the slaves who carried in a … "life:" thus, capite damnari, plecti, &c, are also be sold. — The loss of citizenship and … CAPUT EXTORUM. The Roman sooth- … many head of citizens. — He who lost or … If no caput was found, it was a bad f gn

Gaul, and not unlike the Roman lacerna. It … Greek), a prison, is connected with ep/co; … drinking-cup, which was used by the Greeks … nonymous with vates. The word is, of course, … Thucydides that the Spartans during the

the coachman. It was commonly drawn by … by persons of distinction, like the carpenta ; … a festival celebrated at Caryae, in Laeonia, in … a single night without forming a regular en- … a force to occupy the same ground for any … towns and no tribes on whose faith reliance … winter, whence arose the distinction between … metatures. In practice the most important

points were marked by white poles, .some of … Left Win;; of the Allies 2nd Roman Ladon 1st Roman Lesion Rif-'ht Wing of the Allies … A, praetorium.—R, fonts of the tribunes.—C, tents of the pniefccti sociorum.—D, street 100 feet wide._E F G and … II, streets 50 feet wide.—L, select foot and volunteers.—K, select horse and volunteers.—M, extraordinary horse of the

(K) taken from the extraordinaries, with … the service itself, but also the individuals

the watch belonged. Sometimes we find … armed cavalry, the horses of which were also … the chain resembles platted wire or thread,

women, whereas sella signified a seat common … answered to the Greek words irai/SoKelov, Kara- … or simply diversorium or deversorium.-—(2) A … the lower classes, since all persons in respect-

to express the provisions of a law, by which … Sas), a deep cavern or chasm, like the Bara- … three hundred horsemen, who formed the … of small rooms clustered together like the cells

The jus censurae was granted to them by a … of the laws of the tribune Clodius (b.c. 58). … give an account of himself, of his family, and of … ried he had to give the name of his wife, and … the sum total of capita. After a citizen had

review of the cquites equo publico, and added … only by their conscientious convictions of … opposite the name of the guilty citizen, the … the public life of the citizens. Thus we find

The censors, however, did not receive the re- … yielded an annual income of at least 500 … able to keep a yoke of oxen (fe^yos), were

This system of taxation according to classes, … Compare Leiturgiae ; and for the taxes paid … troduced after the civil war between Marius … decided cases under the authority of a magis- … cation as a writing material, see Tabulae and … CESTUS. (1) The thongs or bands of lea-

a most lormidable weapon, being frequently … honour of Athena, surnamed Chalcioecus … some kinds of trials on matters which con- … so stretched forth their hands. Then the … derived that of a signature to a will or other

instrument, especially a note of hand given … CHOREGUS (xopTyos), a person who had … The same person might serve as choregus for

blind the best musical or theatrical entertain- … ally a company of dancers dancing in a ring. … the worship of Apollo, the fact that they were … which was not the case with the other great … marked upon the boards with which the … equal to the Roman congius, and contained six … The Greeks reckoned their years generally

en-wiu^o?, or the archon par excellence ; and … 01. 87, we take the number of the Olympiads … CIPPUS, a low column, sometimes round, … one corner of the burying-ground a eippus,

taken the town of Apiolae from the Latins, … atrum.] Towards the extremity of the upper i … ing ornaments to the ova ; and the figure

each end of the carceres. The number of … fauees, ostia, fures carceris, repaguia, limina I ferent periods of its history. Its length, in

common people. The seat of the emperor … embraced six kinds of games :—I. Cvrsvs ; … fcrcula and thensae. The former were borne … only two chariots started at each race. The

start was then given by the person who pre- … hire at the stations … CISTOPHORUS 0«rTo</>dpos), a silver coin, … Tet'a). Aristotle defines a citizen (TroAt'nj;) to

notion of citizenship in the heroic ages only … spond. Strictly speaking, these were the only … dinate. Thus the aim of democracy was said … when once formed, retained their hold on the

tinction made between two great classes of … CLAVUS AXXXLIS. In the early ages of … The clavus, as an article of dress, seems to

particular class during the earlier periods, … CLERUCHI (kAtjpouxoi), the name of … independent of, and lost their interest in, the … Another case was where the cleruchi resided … official persons, but merely witnesses to the … CLIEXS is said to contain the same element … respects the relationship by blood. The

sense of the person defended or the consultor, … the construction of which is ascribed to Tar- … COA TESTIS, the Coan robe, was a trans- … a snail, was also used to signify other things

name given to a small measure like our … and coda, originally signified the trunk or … in the shape of a book, the name of codex was … COEXA (Selirvov), the principal meal of the … be the case with soldiers in active service. … thing to the general stock, was called a Se"mvov … time the change was introduced is uncertain. … on each couch. After the guests had placed

those which were usually partaken of at a … (</>aic<u), ice. Pork was the most favourite … the prandium or luncheon, with persons of … selves, or formed the garniture for larger

ourselves in the preparation and arrangements i grapes (m~ae passae), dates (palmulae, caryo- … In the supper of Petronius, a large round

(triclinia), answering in shape to the square, … COGXATI, COGNATIO. The cognatio was … KtoAaypeVai), the name of very ancient magis- … to our phrase of being incorporated ; and in … bly formed by voluntary associations of indi- … cording to the definition of a collegium, the

her mother. Hence, in all matters of common … claimed dominion over other states on the

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read of duumviri, quinqucviri, vigintiviri for

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but the praefectus was appointed annually in … articles of luxury for straining wine were … to diminish the strength of the liquor. For

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Columns were used in the interior of build- … the ceiling. Hows of columns were often em- … upon another. In such cases, the lower rows … these, some of the most remarkable were the … side of them, designed to record successful

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similar tax. [Ostiarivm.] The columnariiim … in a knot over the crown of the head. The … sented with blonde hair. At a later time it … women, especially when the hair was growing

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titutes. One of the simplest modes of wear- … both people likewise in ancient times the hair … is a place of meeting, and comitia the meet- … the king received his imperium, together

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the time of the Publilian law no decree of the … legislation of Servius Tullius was to unite the … property and age. The whole people was con- … gards the whole body of people, whose pro- … the seniores and the other with the … (one voting with the seniores, and

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According to both Inonysius and Livy, the … had property to a certain amount, were pri- … tions of the senate, (c.) The decisio?i npo?i

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the standing- one in all comitia, and the whole … tabellae, one of which was marked with A. … On entering, the citizens received their ta-

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mentioned in which the proceedings of the … and lastly, after the Domitian law, b. c. 104,

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out the city, but not farther from it than … for the (tribus) praerogativa is mentioned as … they were most closely united with the tribes,

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raous; this may have heen the case very … a book of memoirs or memorandum-book, … Greek. Comedy took its rise at the vintage

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new form, and introduced a regular plot. … bly contemporaries of Chionides; he was … that bore upon the political or social interests … towards the stage, turned round, and ad- … the new comedy there was no chorus. It … Etruria, where it would seem they were a

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dramatic gesticulation. The amusement be- … pieces. The first imitator of the dramatic … the story of the play. The prologue was … TALICTI, a festival celebrated once a year in … doniae, and the like.

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donations made to the soldiers were called … siuvuixji, a gnat. Cunopeum is the origin of … about the country and impress soldiers, when … CONSUALIA, a festival, with games, cele- … the same deity. It was solemnised every … longer in the same persons ; and for the same … or commanders of the armies, but this was … viri), appointed to frame a code of laws. On … indifferently both from the patricians and … later times, when the difference between the

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the later periods of the republic it was cus- … parted from in many particular cases. The … affairs, for in the senate they were asked for

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ner the censorship was detached from the … tried by the curies, while the plebeians came … tioned by the senate and people at Rome ;

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dors, and introduced them into the senate, … own official functions, the consuls, like all … lision and confusion, the two consuls did not … Augustus the consulship was a mere shadow of … elected the first in the year ranked higher … office for a whole year, and whose functions … originally men who served in the same army

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diers (contubcrnales), with a subordinate … connection, as well as their place of residence, … CONVENTUS, was the name applied to … parties applied to the proconsul, who selected … CO PHI XL'S (k6(#>ivo9, Engl, coffin), a large … the tuba, it differed from the tibia in being a … Altar of Juliui Victor. (Bartoli, 1 iut. Am., p. /tj.J

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from the tuba itself, in being curved nearly … The classicum, which originally meant a signal, … The Cormcines and LUiemet, the persons who … j crowns, or only two denominations for the … were three sorts of triumphal crowns : the

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were profusely distributed, amongst the … CORYBANTICA (KopvPavriKti), a festival

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ladder a rope was passed, one end of which … COSMETAE, a class of slaves among the … was called cothurnt/s. As the cothurnus was … relations with Thrace. The festivals of this

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traveller himself, who sat inside. The covi- … iii/u-i, I mix), a vessel in which the wine, ac- … CREPIDA (icprj-i's), a slipper. Slippers … and the penalties in case of conviction were … CRITES (kpitjj's), a judge, was the name … or KpoKwrbs sc. xL™v}> ~""as a kind of gala- … CRUX (crravpos, o-koAoi//), an instrument of … CRYPTEIA (Kpvvrela), the name of an

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various directions all over the country, pro- … CCDO or CC'DOX, a skull-cap made of … CULTER ((xa^aipa, K07rt;, or <r<f>a.yis), a … CUNEUS was the name applied to a body

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twenty-five years of age [minorea viginti j matters. The religious affairs of each curia … signate the place in which the senate held its … Athens the person responsible for the welfare … place of worship, called curia, in which the

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'.he currus were, 1. The rim (ifruf) [Antyx]. … the currus thus constructed was commonly … &c. If a third horse was added, as was not

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them, and in an engagement placed them- sented on medals. It was enriched with … CYATHUS (ftOofloc), a Greek and Roman … sextarius, or -0825 of a pint English. The … CYCLAS (xvicAas), a circular robe worn by … CYMBA (icufi|3r)) is derived from ■aV/3oc, a

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The word is derived from ku/h(3os, a hollow. … The line alludes to the dance with crotala … DAREICUS (fiapet/cd?), or to give the name … The word is derived from ku/h(3os, a hollow. … The line alludes to the dance with crotala … DAREICUS (fiapet/cd?), or to give the name

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DECADUCHI (SeKaSoOxoi), the members … called Sexatrp-ou ypa^»j, lay against the person … DECEMPEDA, a pole ten feet long, used … DECEMVIRI, or the " ten-men," the name … of whom App. Claudius alone belonged to the

128

chosen from the patricians and five from the … another period of ten years, and so on to the … determined in a particular case after exami- … arms against the Roman people, and being … DELIA (WAca), ihe name of festivals and

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Ionian confederacy, took the most prominent … the head-boroughs or chief magistrates of the … convened meetings of the demus, and took … but a very small one, for filling any magis- … theory did the representative system attract

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soon after the battle of Salaniis, but was after- … gistrates, landed and other property, with a … Kdia Sijp.ovs, who decided cases where the mat- … The register of enrolment was called Arjf tapxi- … their edges were notched like a saw, which … bigati and quadriyati, because on their re- … DESULTOR, a rider in the Roman games, … DIADEJIA, originally a white fillet, used to … Athens, were of two kinds ; the one public … DIAMASTlGOSIS (8u«ftooTty«i)<r«), a so-

131

thod a trial of spurious citizens was to be … was originally a single obolus ; it was in- … the exception of some few in which the per-

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or other place that served as the cause list of … periods of the action, be made in behalf of a … /xijtoi, suits not to be assessed, in which the fine, … at Rome. The name is of Latin origin, and … magister populi and not dictator, and in the

133

hands of a single person, who should possess … b.c. 501, nine years after the expulsion of … We find, however, a few instances in which … patched the business for which he had been … when the consuls were absent from the city,

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the comitia for the elections (comitiorum ha- … the elections down to b.c. 202, but after that … before, the middle of the day, when the sun … menes, is said to have made the Greeks

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proclaimed the time of mid-day. The divi- … days on which comitia were held, or dies … dies proeliales, that is, all days on which re- … Xeia or Ai7rdAia, a very ancient festival cele- … in various parts of Greece in honour of Dio-

136

thesterion, and Elaphebolion.—The Rural or … The first archon had the superintendence, … where for a time they were carried on in … the coarsest excesses and the most unnatural

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frightful licentiousness and excesses of every … the praetor urban us, who might then consult … brated in various parts of Greece in honour … commonly made of wood and covered over … DIYIXATIO (tiavTiK-q), a power in man … these families belonged the Iamids, who from

138

liads, the Acarnanian seers, and others. Along … might act as his own interpreter. The prin- … not only thought to pollute and profane the … class of diviners who occupied themselves

139

word dirinatio was used in a particular man- … vorce. (1) Greek. The laws of Athens per- … her late husband all the property that she … the connection. No judicial decree, and no … living with her thirty years, and married a … The phrases to express a divorce are, rtun- … zen of Athens was either appointed by lot, … dim. oiuXiov), a chisel, a celt, was used for a … campments. . They are for the most part of

140

as the uses to which they were applied. The I DOLIUM, a cylindrical vessel, somewhat … DOLO (66Au>t'). (1) A secret poniard or … tween the street and the house-door, like the … for dining in. Here was commonly the altar

141

rooms ; and in the arrangement of these … Grourid-plan of a Greek House. … and left of this 7rpooras were two bed cham- … which seldom extended over the whole space … tion (fetwes) on the ground-floor. The roofs … The principal openings for the admission of

142

have been only whited. The first instance of … iium. The parts of a house which were con- … But though the atrium was not used by the … the nuptial couch was placed in the atrium

143

lowing rooms were accordingly added :— this purpose. In the kitchen of Pansa's … Atrium ot" the House of Ceres at PompeiL

144

according to the meaning given above. 1. … Ground-plan of a House at Pompeii. … mon use, called Camaka.— (4.) The Koman

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stoves like ours. The cubicula, triclinia, and … sents made to the gods, either by individuals … tioned, which were intended to induce the … (treasuries) ; and in the most frequented … In the Homeric times it was customary for … by which the receipt of a portion was admit-

146

standard prevailed most in the maritime and … As the Romans reckoned in sesterces, so the … DUCEXARH.—(1) The name given to the … who received on account of their good con- … DUUMVIRI, or the two men, the name of … ever occasion required, for the purpose of … and therefore called o-vyK/VrjToi. The place in … standard prevailed most in the maritime and … As the Romans reckoned in sesterces, so the … DUCEXARH.—(1) The name given to the … who received on account of their good con- … DUUMVIRI, or the two men, the name of … ever occasion required, for the purpose of … and therefore called o-vyK/VrjToi. The place in

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The prytanes not only gave a previous notice … roforai) were sent round to sweep the agora, … under any atimia, or loss of civil rights.-—In

148

the order for the dismissal of the assembly … to the matters of their respective jurisdic- … A repentinum edictum was that rule which … the year of his office : hence it was sometimes … EISANGELIA (elcrayyeAi'a), signifies, in its … tax on property, raised at Athens, whenever

149

carry on a war. It is not quite certain when … without a decree of the people, who also … oi eio-cpe'poi/res. The census of Solon was at … used by the ancient writers in two different … by Ereehtheus, who at a time of scarcity pro-

150

were becoming acquainted with the benefits … and its special share in the celebration of the

151

forth their ridicule on those who passed by. … from being initiated on the sixth day. It … bably added to them at the period which fol- … ELEL'THERIA (ikcvMpia), the feast of

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or possessed of his inheritance. If any one … and of precious materials, were fastened upon … EMISSAIUCM (irTrdVo/nos), a channel, … the Athenian courts, which were not allowed … EMPORIUM (to ifj-nopiov), a place for … ENCTESIS feyKTijcri?), the right of possess- … it was worn on other occasions as a protec- … ENTASIS (eWao-ts). The most ancient

153

and regularly from the base to the neck, so … their comrades ; to fight to the last in the

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charged with wilful murder during a tem- … Dorian constitutions in times of remote anti- … dismissed them from the state ; decided upon

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the ephoralty, and accordingly Cleomenes … marines appointed to defend the vessels in … EPICLERI'S (e7riKXr)pos, heiress), the name … verally married to relatives, the nearest hav- … which were made by the Athenian citizens in … remained silent, or retired privately from the … more usually called Ta/xi'as, the treasurer or

156

who required the authorization of the archon … ated in n. c. 196, to attend to the Epulum … epulonum. The epulones formed a collegium, … nour of Mars, and were celebrated in the … have formed three centuries of equites; and … was the qualification. These twelve cen- … lieving that the six old centuries contained … by the Servian constitution for admission into … freemen. Each of the equites received a … serve with their own horses. The state paid

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but were not classed among the 18 centuries. … under the age of 46, we may presume that

158

judices, in which sense the word is usually … in order to obtain from the state the farming … his safety to the Gallic cavalry, and there- … was therefore esteemed a great privilege. If

159

and also from all rank in the army, with the … were allowed to fill the lower magistracies, … equitum Romanorum. From the time that … of torture, which is supposed to have been … mercial, or political purposes. Unions of … krIcius, a military engine full of sharp … ESSEDA, or ESSEDUM (from the Celtic … probably by the creaking and clanging of the

160

the Eumolpidae alone had the right to inter- … from noble ancestors, is the name by which … to a very late period of Grecian history. … and the manner in which they acquitted … EXAUGURATIO, the act of changing a … watchmen or sentinels of any kind, was the … a seat out of doors, came to be used for a cham- … by the edict against the exercitor navis. By … 1. Spartan Army.-—In all the states of

161

of their military array consisted in the heavy- … the Thessalians and Boeotians were the only … enomotarchs). The ecMjuoTi'ai were so called … (oi/Aa/xoi) of fifty, which may possibly be the … One helot in particular of those attached to … give them their liberty. A separate troop in

162

as others would do for a feast. The signal … avoid doing so, was liable to a sentence of

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their courage or conduct, in the shape of … narrow limits ; and being incapable of rapid … under the name eVaipoi, formed a sort of

164

troop called Argyraspids, from the silver 'with … designed to fight on horseback or on foot, as … the passage of the Jaxartes. … what we call a regiment, inasmuch as it con- … far, be regarded as a complete army, but on … was carried on upon a large scale, a single … as broadly marked as in the most pure mili- … dence. From the expulsion of the Kings

165

First Period. Servius Tullius. The legion … called because the light missiles which they … the rorarii and accensi, pressing up from

166

Tliird Period. During the tears of the … observed that a regular consular army (Justus … from whom they desired to receive a contin- … the centurions selected out of each maniple

167

cavalry twice or thrice as numerous, and the … dispensed with, and every man capable of … between the ages of 17 and 46 did not appear … by a decree of the senate " ne vacationes … consequence of a special invitation, erocati. … of the Cohort, a division of the legion often

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limits of 300 anil 600. They were regularly … strictly the muster roll, whence the phrases … lites. When the phalanx was first broken … trated here ; the Subsignanus miles of Tacitus … Procubitores.—When the Hastati had, in a

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any vacancies which occurred in the course … or din em, to be one of the principal cen- … divisions of Triarii, Principes, and Hastati … riac adsignaret ... a M'. Acilio mihi primus … of rank existed among the centurions is evi- … and that promotion from a lower to a higher

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distinction of fortune. The -whole of the … of soldiers, are not found in Caesar, in Taci- … place by soldiers of the tenth legion. In

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to the Praetorian troops, see Praetoriaxi.— … of barbarians, or of the most uncivilised … to the praetorian cohorts, instituted a force … the city, being the Urbana Castra.—Cohortes … by a Praefeetus, who was of equestrian … old-fashioned and laughable interludes in … citizen when called upon to appear as a wit-

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baggage (impedimenta). Hence the epithet … Banishment among the Greek states sel- … took place chiefly in cases of homicide, or … even when other exiles were restored upon a … been instituted by Cleisthenes, after the ex- … ostracise, and remove from the city for a de- … o-rijfat) from the city within ten days ; if the

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move from their native city, when the oppo- … * This word appears, by its termination inus, to denote a … out of hard materials, as fabri tignarii, … or guilds. In the constitution of Servius … FALSUM. The oldest legislative provision … move from their native city, when the oppo- … * This word appears, by its termination inus, to denote a … out of hard materials, as fabri tignarii, … or guilds. In the constitution of Servius … FALSUM. The oldest legislative provision

174

of Saturn with the falx in its original form ; … FARTOR, a slave who fattened poultry. … Fublicola, who gave to the people the right

175

Fasces. (From the original in the Capitol at Rome.) … FASTI. Fas signifies divine law: the epi- … before the praetor, were technically denomi-

176

man temple, of rectangular construction, is … was the liberty of erecting a fastigium to his … and because it was used to set fire to the pile. … FEXUS or FOEXUS (t6kos), interest of … month for every mina, or 60 oboli a year - … cases of bottomry (to kiutikoV, tokoi vavTucoi, … Instead of the phrase asses usurae, a syno-

177

asmuch as at this rate of interest there was … 48 per cent. The monthly rate of the cen- … 12 per cent, simple interest. The following … it; opponere or opponere pignori, to give as a … enjoyed a cessation from labour. All feriae … on certain days marked in the calendar. To … were held on certain emergencies at the

178

the union, the chief magistrate of the Latins … posed. The festival lasted six days. … ple, but it was also introduced into the towns … demands reasonable. He then crossed the … paKiirji/), earthenware, a vessel or other ar-

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had been thrown on the wheel, or to produce … table, was used to cover the surface like a … a testamentary disposition, by which a person … the trustee was condemned in the action, the … produce a cooling breeze. Besides separate

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to the scutica, -which was a simple whip. … even touch a horse, nor look upon an army … FLOEALIA, or Florales Ludi, a festival … Xapi's), a fire-place ; a hearth ; a brazier. The

181

RATI, SOCll. In the seventh century of … FOLLIS—(1) An inflated ball of leather, … also statues, the subjects of which were sug-

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the immense supply of water brought to … voirs, and salicntcs, jets of water, besides … roof and ceiling to the apartment which it … FREXUM (xaWos), a bridle. That Belle- … ERITILLUS W>i".os), a dice-box of a cylin-

183

which modified the law of Gracchus to some … gether with these distributions of corn ; but … tions of corn, but he did the next best thing … were completely indigent should receive the … with a tessera, and this tessera, when once

184

The ridiculous use of patches (splrnia), which … Girl pointing hirself. (From a Gem.) … NACCA, a fuller, a washer or scourer of … FUNUS, a funeral.—(1) Greek. The

185

find Unboned ; and among the Athenians,

186

of one. The dead were usually buried out- … They correspond to the Roman conditoria. … ing, called en-i(9r)fia. The epithema was fre-

187

celebrated at the funeral of a great man, as … and could not enter the temples of the gods … offerings of the same kind, which were pre-

188

person of consequence. Funerals were usually … the persons to whom the property was left, … fallen into disuse in the fourth century. Per-

189

according to the Twelve Tables, to be left … taphium), beginning with the letters … the sides with pilasters. It is to the

190

but as this place rendered the neighbourhood the freedmen and slaves of great families … employed in the manner mentioned under … placed in front. Tombs were of various sizes

191

funeral of P. Licinius Crassus, who had been … this period the courts of justice did not sit, … carry about the furca wherever they went; … FUSCINA (rpCaiva), a trident, more com- … with an allusion also to the use of the same … FUSTL'AIUUM (fuAo/coTi-ta), was a capita!

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the operation of spinning, at the moment … of them. They were most frequently dedi- … the operation of spinning, at the moment … of them. They were most frequently dedi-

193

peculiar form of which is supposed to have … The women were enrolled in the lists of the … a kind of thick cloth, which was on one side … GENS. According to the traditional ac- … between them. A hundred new members … which belonged to a gens, to which all the … lum) for the celebration of these sacra, which … GEROUSIA (yepoi/o-ia), or assembly of

194

Hyllean tribe, must have belonged to the … perly signified any thing made of wicker- … increase the strength of their bodies.—Gladia-

195

the like, and afterwards at the sound of the … dered him to receive the sword (ferrum rc- … and different mode of fighting, or other cir- … like the Gauls and Britons. [Esseda.]—Hop- … called from their having the image of a fish … carried only a three-pointed lance, called … with the fuseina while they were entangled.

196

buckler, and a short sword or dagger … GRAECOSTASIS, a place in the Roman … Aijs Koi toO Sr/p-ov. He was appointed by the … GUTTUS, a vessel with a narrow mouth … presented on the Roman coins struck by per-

197

GYMNASIUM (yvp.v6.nov). The whole … than well-regulated exercise. The word … the short chiton. Gymnastic exercises among … was probably no Greek town of any im-

198

Paedotribae were required to possess a know- … 4. The 7rei>TaA(.0o5, which was a game with … them with beautiful works of art. The em- … yupuTj-res), a class of bond-slaves at Argos, … the conduct of Athenian women. Their … of stone or metal, which were used in … frequently used merely to exercise the body … Paedotribae were required to possess a know- … 4. The 7rei>TaA(.0o5, which was a game with … them with beautiful works of art. The em- … yupuTj-res), a class of bond-slaves at Argos, … the conduct of Athenian women. Their … of stone or metal, which were used in … frequently used merely to exercise the body

199

in somewhat the same manner as our dumb- … splendid ornaments. It occupied among the … mission, and partly to abolish the denio- … the purpose of abolishing the tyrannical … HARPAGO (apn-ayrj: Avkos : Kpedypa.), a … preted the will of the gods. They originally … mena in nature, to which the general name

200

HA ST A. … 2. It was thrust forward as a pike. 3. It … the whole length of the weapon was about

201

darts, resembling in form the lance and … tiones). It served both to announce, by a … jj/mcKTeW). In dry measures, the kecteus was … denominations of money, but subdivisions of … ing the parallel beams at the bottom. At … HELLAXODICAE (eAAai/ooiVou), the judges

202

They cultivated the land, and paid to their … (i. e. ajufJuoTai/Tes), and one of them in par- … in the Greek states, who could keep on run- … ILEMICYCLITTM (rjnixuxAtoj'), a semicir- … HERAEA (rjpoua), the name of festivals

203

The Heraea of Argos were celebrated every … ciri'irpoLKOL. On failure of sons and their issue, … A person might become an heres by being … any definite shares being given to them, the … silence (silentio praeterierit), the will was

204

liter] so passed over took a certain portion … wise the will, which was originally valid, … statues existed of other deities, of the same … There is another class of these works, in

205

connection with the worship of the deities of … IIIEROMXEMOXES (.Upoixirqv-ovf;), the … Athens, of whom ten were appointed every … the goal (Te'p/xa), round which the chariots … ding in Greece to perform on the stage. At

206

said to have tried to avert the anger of the … for such performances, the Romans sent to … the accompaniment of a flute. Roman youths … tracted immense crowds to the theatres, and … the citizens was no part of the ancient Spar- … said imponi. A person who held a magis- … HOROLOGIUM (upokoyiov), the name of

207

the shadow, and thus pointed to the hour. … simple form it consisted of a vessel with … the war with Pyrrhus. But as sun-dials … Rome. Clepsydrae were used by the Romans … Rome, as at Athens, the time allowed to the … of the horticulture of the Greeks is very

208

that a succession of flowers was obtained all … the central place of the peristyle [Domus], … privatum and hospitium publicum, fei't'a and … sign of hostile intentions, he was considered

209

cal inheritance of former times. Or a person … came forward to act as the representatives of … given up, for we find that at Athens the … of need, to represent him as his patron in the … its good services by the establishment of … as patron of the client-town. But the cus-

210

the Amyelaeans and Spartans, probably in … Apollo, the national divinity of the Dorians. … musical effect and their mechanism. A con- … IMAGO, a representation or likeness, an … nifies, (1) A freedom from taxes. (8) A … the Amyelaeans and Spartans, probably in … Apollo, the national divinity of the Dorians. … musical effect and their mechanism. A con- … IMAGO, a representation or likeness, an … nifies, (1) A freedom from taxes. (8) A

211

and also to other persons as a special favour. … Cicero Imperator, for the term merely ex- … IXAUGURATlO, was in general the cere- … only were priests inaugurated, but also the … cident (casu, id est, negligcntia), the law

212

incendium, but only in the city, or within a … moral and irreligious acts. In a narrower … vov), swaddling-clothes, in which a new-born … INFAMlA, was a consequence of condem- … and the persons included in the third and … INFULA, a flock of white and red wool, … tini) were not ingenui, though the sons of

213

the injured person was allowed by the prae- … to different families ; and hence the word … INTEKCESSIO was the interference of a … tis ex causis) the praetor or proconsul, in the … force shall not be used against a person who … Gains, the Roman jurist, contains the essen- … of persons became very numerous and neces- … and quaestors, who were entrusted with the … preters had not only to officiate at the conventus

214

each of whom enjoyed in succession the regal … were the Decern Primi, or ten leading sena- … tended the Isthmia sailed across the Saronic … JANUA {6vpa), a door. Besides being … each of whom enjoyed in succession the regal … were the Decern Primi, or ten leading sena- … tended the Isthmia sailed across the Saronic … JANUA {6vpa), a door. Besides being

215

dim. Trapa.6vpi.ov. The door-way, when com- … serted into sockets on each side of the door- … the single judex. Under certain circum- … for their object, either the settlement of dis-

216

rerum capitalium. In course of time, as such … the purpose. It was eventually determined,

217

persons of some property. Tims the three … by lot, out of whom the accuser and the … as the transverse beam which united the up- … others. Hence, to express symbolically the … not made like the yoke used in drawing car- … arose among the Romans after the separation … tiores, and juris auetores. The business of … or at their own houses; and not only on … contracts or wills, &c. At a later period, … a plebeian, who was consul u. c. 281, and

218

JURISDICTIO, signifies generally the au- … rior being, calling on him to bear witness … peculiar habits or predilections, or the fancy … the service of the republic.—After the esta-

219

nation, a victim (a pig- or a lamb) was in the … the third Punic war to the end of the re- … various modes of swearing in common life. … swore by most of the gods; but some oaths … nied with an execration, in case the swearer … scenic games instituted by Nero, in a. n. 59, … LABYRINTHUS (AajSup^flos), a labyrinth, … nation, a victim (a pig- or a lamb) was in the … the third Punic war to the end of the re- … various modes of swearing in common life. … swore by most of the gods; but some oaths … nied with an execration, in case the swearer … scenic games instituted by Nero, in a. n. 59, … LABYRINTHUS (AajSup^flos), a labyrinth,

220

have been commonly used in the army. In … LAENA (xAaira), a woollen cloak, the … bearing, LamI'ADEDROMIA (Aay.i7raS>)5po^u'a), … LAXX, a large dish, made of silver or some … celebrated at Patrae in Achaia, in honour of … LAQUEUS, a rope, was used to signify the … tomary for religious Romans in the morning, … or decidedly red. Pliny calls the brickfield … these expressions are used to signify a certain

221

Julia de Civitate (b. c. 90) the above expres- … The invention of a game resembling draughts … often employed for the purpose. The Ro- … cularly the public prison of Syracuse. It lay … a kind of couch or litter, in which persons, in … this kind of lectica was introduced among the … LECTISTERNIUM. Sacrifices being of the

222

hibits one of those couches, which is repre- … LECTUS (^e'xo9, k\ivr), eiivr)), a bed. The … person. Mattresses were in the earlier timeti … LEGATUM, a part of the hereditas which … Rome to foreign nations and into the pro-

223

man generals into the field, or the proconsuls … hibited from entering the city, especially in … considered by the Romans throughout the … tary affairs. The legati were thus always … of the command of their general. Their

224

were at least senators. These vicegerents of … npvTavelov), a liturgy, is the name of certain … were at first a natural consequence of the … ordinary liturgies. The former were called … in turns by the members of every tribe who … defray its expenses. Such was the case with … nament for the head. … is, on the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth of

225

■Bring the whole month of May, and those … the Lemures. As regards the solemnities on … ing council or conversation, and a place for … leges, though they were laws, and in the … acquainted, were passed in the comitia cen- … which related to a common object, were often

226

case it was called Lex Satura.—The number … AEBUTIA, of uncertain date, which with … AELIA. This lex and a Fufia Lex, passed … AEIiTA SEXTIA, passed in the time of … AGRARIAE, the name of laws which had … AM PI A, to allow Cn. Pompeius to wear a … lius Tapulus in b. c. 17 9, fixed the age at … AXTOXIAE, the name of various enact- … APPULEIA AGRARIA, proposed by the … who resisted their authority ; but it fixed the … proposed by the tribune T. Atius Labienus, … the populus to elect 16 tribuni militum for … ATTNTA, of uncertain date, was a plcbis- … AURELIA (b. c. 70), enacted that the ju-

227

chosen alternately ; but the law was not ob- … pio, repealed a Clodia Lex (b. c. 58), which … from the payment of taxes and dues (por- … bium between the patres and plebs, which … f CASSIA (b. c. 104), proposed by the tri- … CASSIA empowered the dictator Caesar to … (b. c. 73) for the distribution of corn among … that the fee could not be paid till the work … to the effect that " qui civem Romanum in- … restored the Sodalitia, which had been abo- … COP^XELIAE. Various leges passed in the

228

Agraria, by which many of the inhabitants … adulterated or counterfeited the public coin, … De Magistratibus, partly a renewal of old … armed with the intention of killing or thiev- … gave poison for the purpose of poisoning; … Tribunicia, which diminished the power … Cn. Pompeius the superintendence of the Res … posed by the consuls P. Cornelius Cethegus … DUILIA (b.c. 449), a plebiscitum proposed … DUILIA MAENIA, proposed by the tri- … 450, consisting of Appius Claudius and his

229

which allowed no connubium between the … FLAMINIA was an Agraria Lex for the … called which had for their object the distri- … FURIA or FUSIA CAXIXIA limited the … enacted that a testator should not give more … to Cn. Pompeius the extraordinary power of … Hortensia enacted that the nundinae, which … Agraria, b. c. 59, in the consulship of … that a debtor might escape all personal mo- … perhaps the same as the Lex De Vi Publica.

230

tuis or Creditis (b. c. 47), passed in the time … MuNicirALis, commonly called the Table … was accordingly a lex of that kind which is … pears to have caused a lex to be enacted … till the year b. c. 13. In the year a. d. 9, … from the chapter which treated of the mar- … ever had a census equestris, to sit in the … 126, by M. Junius Pennus, a tribune, ba- … JUNIA NORBANA, of uncertain date, but … LAETORIA, the false name of the Lex

231

called, Junia et Lieinia, passed in the consul- … GUXDIS, passed in the consulship of L. … was tribune of the people from b. c. 376 to … created_the triumviri epulones. … tributing corn among the poor citizens at a … LUTATIA DE VI, proposed by the consul … the patres ante auctores fieri in the case of … MANILLA, proposed by the tribune C. … posed the tax of five per cent, (viccsima) on

232

OGULNIA, proposed by the tribunes, b. c. … OVINIA, of uncertain date, was a plebisci- … POPPAF.A.] … PEDIA, relating to the murderers of Cae- … did any damage, the owner should make it … of mutiny. … PINARIA, related to the giving of a judex … ally taken from each tribe to be placed in the … Strabo, the father of Cn. Pompeius Magnus, … Judiciaeia. [Judex, p. 217, a.] … Tribuxitia (b. c. 70), restored the old tri- … 198, the enactments of which are doubtful.

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by the patricians, who prevented the tribes … the curiae ; and accordingly this law made … was called the Jus Civile Papirianum or Pa- … be inferred from the Lex Regia which we … so extensive. During the empire the curies … RHODIA. The Rhodians had a maritime

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simply culled the Lex of Otho, or referred to … AUGEXDO, enacted in the 5th consulship of … SEMPRONIAE, the name of" various laws … should be appointed every year to carry the … by C. Gracchus b.c. 123, enacted that the … the state to the people once a month at the … 123, enacted that the soldiers should receive … who conspired to obtain the condemnation o … C. Gracchus b.c. 123, enacted that the senat" … a plehiscitum proposed by a tribune, M. Sem-

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lending money in the name of the Soeii, who … is the lex called by Cicero Lex Campana, … that a lex of the tribune Servius Glaucia … SULPICIAE, proposed by the tribune … probably proposed by the consuls. It pre- … the Lex Fannia, and was brought forward,

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of entertainments, but the kind and quantity … abroad anywhere except at the houses of … Julia, proposed by the dictator C. Julius … prohibited the use of silk garments to men. … TERENTILIA, proposed by the tribune C. … TRIBUXITIA. (1) A law passed in the … VALERIAE, proposed by the consul P.

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of appeal from the sentence of a magistrate … VATINIA DE PROVINCIIS, was the … VATINIA DE COLONIS, under which the … VIARIA. A viaria lex which Cicero says … VOCONIA, enacted on the proposal of … tended to injure the character of persons.

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a pocket or memoranduia book. 4. Libcllus … improvement in the manufacture of parch … Ancient Writing Materials. (From a Painting at Herculaneum.) … end of the stick and projected from the

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had been released from legal servitude. A … LIBRA, dim. LIBELLA (orafyios), a ba- … LIBURNA, L1BURNICA, a light vessel, … LINTER, a light boat, frequently formed

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LITRA (AiVpa), a Sicilian silver coin, equal … nifying crooked.—(1) The crooked staff borne … Lituus, Augur's Stud. (Centre figure from an Etruscan sculpture ; the two others are Roman coins.) … LOCUPLETES or ASSIDUI, the nam? ot … being straight, while the latter was bent

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among the Greeks and Romans. The sol- … ible bands of steel, or cuirasses of chain … LUCERNA (AuXvos), an oil lamp. The … the lamp was also called Monomyxos, Di~ … with a goose. The next woodcut represents

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hung in chains from the ceiling- of the room, … KaicrtiotTviry], or KaTajSArj-ruc/j), wrestling. The … after the departure of the Gauls from Rome, … from the fourth to the twelfth of September, … Ludi Fuxebres were games celebrated a … commemoration of the reconciliation betwee

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respecting the origin of the games, yet all … connected with certain cycles of time [sae- … Latona, the Parcae-, and to Dis and Proser- … of great beauty, whose parents were stiL … LUPERCALIA, one of the most ancient … luntarily for the purpose, since they believed

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of the land, and that of touching persons a … LUPUS FERREUS, the iron wolf used by … the sprinkling of water by means of a branch … times underwent purifications to expiate the

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days, while the five solar years contained … with his census, and thus set the example … their number of strings far exceeded that of

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touched with a little staff called plectrum i the corporation of equites, who farmed the … stances where the persons play the lyre with MAGISTRATUS was a person qui juri di- … treason in English law; but all the offences … Latin name fides, which was used for a lyre … MAGISTER, which contains the same root … touched with a little staff called plectrum i the corporation of equites, who farmed the … stances where the persons play the lyre with MAGISTRATUS was a person qui juri di- … treason in English law; but all the offences … Latin name fides, which was used for a lyre … MAGISTER, which contains the same root

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army to the enemy, exciting- sedition, and … MAXCEPS has the same relation to Man- … words are used to indicate the formal transfer … the parties to the mancipatio were not on the … and to fructus. Sometimes the word manci-

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the mansiones were at the same distance from … MANUMISSIO was the form by which … Of these the manumissio by vindicta is pro- … dition to the end of the republic, though … the deposition of a witness in a court of jus- … as jurors or plaintiffs) in a court of justice ; … and if his absence caused inj ury to the party,

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trate (rjyefitov SiKaemjpi'ou). The party in … by noticing a few expressions. Map-rvpelv … necessarily on oath. The p;aprvs (witness in … MATRALIA, a festival celebrated at Rome … marriage. (1) Greek. The ancient Greek … pendent of public considerations, there were … few exceptions, a bar to marriage in any

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ya^eta) were made to the pods who presided … connected with the celebration of marriage … The song called the Epithalamium was then … her mother also, to his home.—The Greeks,

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ventio. But both forms of marriage agreed … any forms were requisite in the marriage … effected by usus, if a woman lived with a … consequently the wife was in manciple*. … not an unusual preliminary of marriage, but

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itgreed to marry and the persons in whose … the house, she wound wool around the door-

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served the honour of the house, and as the … LEXSES LUDI, a festival with games, cele-

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tlicn to bring it thus furnished to the place … LARII, a kind of public bankers at Rome … METALLTTM (M"aAAor), a mine and metal. … only a transitory stay in a place, for it was a … eluded. The jealousy with which the citizens … to remind them of their position, they had on

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all probability not intended to hurt the feel- … public, but was at the same time answerable … zens. The aliens were also obliged, like … low or high relief. The metopes from the … PASSUUM (ju.1A.101O, the Roman mile, con-

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comedy except in consisting more of gestures … sons {mimi) represented in a burlesque manner … MITRA (fin-pa), in general a band of any … or limited. But the rule of an aesymnetes

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LUM (oAfio;, lySrj, tySt;), a mortar. Before … the walls of apartments, in mixing spices and … who dedicated cups of this kind to Jupiter … MURUS, MOENIA (re^os), the wall of a … into the angles between the others, and their

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period of architectural history. For build- I with stucco were exceedingly common with … MUSCULUS was a kind of vinea, one of … speaking, the secret part of the worship, but … in secret within some sanctuary, which the … from all persons not initiated. The most … bound together with various kinds of mortar

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attached to the emporium outside of the Porta … NAVARCHUS (vavapxos), the name by … to the denies in the constitution of Cleis- … another form for vau'/cATjpos in the sense of a … NAYIS, NAYIGIU.U (wtSs, irAoiw), a

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propelling the vessel lay in the rowers, who … with a purple colour (•ItoiviKOTraprjoi). When … from the accounts in Caesar's Commentaries. … The name biremis is also applied to a little bocr mummed

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sively by all the Ionians in Asia. At this … a considerable extent of country, which was

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pear to have been constructed on the same … unwieldy ships. In the year b. c. 356 they … ance, &c. In many cases the name of the

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tabulata upon the decks of their great men- … the enemy's vessels. The aKpocrToAioi/ is some- … A Prora, TTpuipa. … F. Aplwtre, a^Aaoroi/, "ith the … N. Cornua, a.KpoKepaia.1.

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swan, as in the accompanying woodcut. The … which it was based, we commonly observe I there appears, beside the aplustre, a pole, to

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between 'which the oars move, and to which … were upon the rpd^rjf. In all other vessels … subject. Thus much is certain, that the … The collective term for oars is rappds, which

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rudder to indicate her origin from the sea. A ship had sometimes one, but more com- … by a pole, which was moved by the guber- i vessels with one, two, or three masts. The

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these structures, so as to supply the place of … CuVc""a), thick and broad ropes running in … those of the fore-mast icm'a axareta. The … the shape of an inverted Greek A (v), the

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ancients as early as the time of Homer had … of iron, and their form resembled that of a … called eTepocrrd/ios. The technical expressions … being understood. The following figure … hibited with the same magnificence and lavish

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without both, their parents being' citizens of … and Xexum are opposed in the same way in

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no debtor shou'.d for the future be put in … as the second Punic war this new class, com- … men was at a later time given to boys on the

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a third or fourth name was possessed by the … and descended to the latest members of a … norary distinction, and in commemoration of … neral to another, sometimes by the army and … Sometimes the name of the tribe to which a … slavery. If a slave was restored to freedom, … the shape either of regular codes or distinct

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board and maintain the policy of the existing … in the ancient reciters which are supposed to … NOYENDIALE (sc. sacrum).—(1) A fes- … when there was a shower of stones upon the … of nudity the ancients performed the opera- … NUNDINAE is derived by all the ancient

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the plebeians at the comitia eenturiata. The … OCIIEA (kvtj/xi's), a greave, a leggin. A … The first Odeum, properly so called, at Rome, … VUM (eAatoi/). The importance of the olive … yield the oil and other juices which it con- … teristic of an oligarchy, that the main dis- … it was very similar to the theatre; and it is … the plebeians at the comitia eenturiata. The … OCIIEA (kvtj/xi's), a greave, a leggin. A … The first Odeum, properly so called, at Rome, … VUM (eAatoi/). The importance of the olive … yield the oil and other juices which it con- … teristic of an oligarchy, that the main dis- … it was very similar to the theatre; and it is

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tcrial, round and plain, and having a wide … use only a short time. "We subjoin a list of

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9. The horse-race (177-71-0; kc'Ajjs), hoth intro-

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as could be obtained, was one of the easiest … the correctness of this statement, there are … that they formed properly no part of the … in Thargelion, the 11th month of the Attic … add a relish to food. Some of these articles … radishes, and sesamum. Of animal food by … was most extensively employed to give a … used by the ancients to designate both the … of the future, but all oracular revelations … and men, and were, as it were, the organs

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take anything of importance without their … ones to be established, so that it was the pre- … reached its perfection in the century which

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ORDO is applied to any body of men 'who … way. Thus the whole body of sacerdotes at … duxerunt, and the first centuries in a legion … ORG VIA (opyuia), a Greek measure of … have had scarcely any knowledge of zinc … writers, was celebrated in honour of Athena … from uktxos, ocrxos, or oo^rj, a branch of vines … OSTIARIOI, a tax upon the doors of

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not sufficient to constitute a legitimate claim … PAEAX (jTaLiriuv, naiav, irauav), a hymn or … He went with them to and from the school … PAGI were fortified places in the neigh- … not sufficient to constitute a legitimate claim … PAEAX (jTaLiriuv, naiav, irauav), a hymn or … He went with them to and from the school … PAGI were fortified places in the neigh-

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a place for wrestling (iraXaCeiv, 7raAi;), and … PALILIA, a festival celebrated at Rome … poet. <f>apos), an outer garment. The English … cess of this kind. The raw material, such as … ijSe x<-Taji>, &c. To wear the pallium without

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the underclothing indicated poverty or se- … PALMIPES, a Roman measure of length, … contradistinction to the sagum of the common

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Heeatombaeon ; the great Panathenaea in the … They represent on one side the figure of … tival to the other. The chief solemnity of … maidens who belonged to the noblest families … an athletic game, in which all the powers of

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successful in the one than in the other. The … PANEGYRIS (jrwqyvpis), signifies a meet- … A'ioben and saltare Ledam. During the time … under the empire the names histrio and pan- … priety be called a plea. It is an objection … (craAa^u'i'a). The Athenians from very early

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which occasion the ship was adorned with … foreign parts to Athens, and the like. In … The celebrated tale of Iophon, the son of … legislation, the mover of any law or decree, … with the public interest. Any person might … PA HASAN GA (6 7rapacrayy>)s), a Persian … certain priests and to the highest magistrates. … account (evBvvri) at the end of the year. The

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objects of having assessors must have been to dish or plate, on which such food was served … PARMA, dim. PARMTJLA, a round shield, … PATERA, dim. PATELLA (0ioAt|), a … the state to supply the Roman magis- … isted on all the principal stations on … eaten with the o\f/ov, as the n«i"a, a

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common red earthenware, on which an orna- … PATINA (Aexdi/T)), a basin or bowl of … generally a power or faculty of any kind by … associated with the adjectives praetoria, con- … terms, had both a wider signification and a … famiJias), and generally all the rights which … PATRICII. This word is evidently a de- … Lucerenses. Each of these tribes consisted … tained only one hundred gentes, and had a

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third tribe, the Luceres, which chiefly con- … placed on a footing of equality with the … bus. When the plebeians became a distinct … Sparta, who exercised, as it were, a paternal

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of the manumissor. Cicero's freedman Tiro … PEDISEQUI, a class of slaves, whose duty

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the name of peltastae. It consisted princi- … chased slaves, and they cultivated the land … was next to the pancratium the most beau- … and thus corresponding to the himation or … a very important part of the treasures of a

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PERA (w/jpa), a wallet, made of leather, … to the rank of peregrini, or a certain class of … perly denotes the inhabitants of a district

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The Normans, on the contrary, of whatever … bangle, worn by the Orientals, the Greeks, … a mask. Masks were worn by Greek and

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the same manner as the Armilla, the Ton- … Pharrtrae, Quiver*. (Left-hand figure from the Aeginetan … the Roman games, seems to have been a … PETORRITUM, a four-wheeled carriage, … PIIALERAE (<paAapoi>), a boss, disc, or … most commonly read of them as ornaments … by the court of Areiopagus.

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allusion to that at Alexandria, which was the … after the age of Cleisthenes ten officers, one … PICTURA (ypa<|)Tj, ypatfiiKri, fwypa^i'a), … Homer's time, although the only kind of … daules, king of Lydia (b.c. 71G), is said to

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(about B.C. 4G3). Previous to this time the … upon vases and upon articles of furniture; … of single figures. He enjoyed the exclusive … and public edifice in Sicily of whatever was … the history of painting in Rome. The first

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in consequence of the foundation of Constan- … Moreover scene-painting shows that the … water. Of the latter the principal was … of various descriptions and materials, and … sculpture was very common in Greece. The … dered to be in some way connected with the

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the statement of Pliny, that they were more

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larger than the pila. The Harpastum (from … AcotoV), any piece of felt; more especially a … and the loaves thus baked were termed ar- … PLAGIUM, the offence of kidnapping, … PLAUSTRUM or PLOSTRUM (afiofo), a

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was obtained by the use either of boards at … word contains the same root as im-pleo, com-

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of performing certain services, and they are, … in these regions he assigned lots of land to … internal organisation of the plebeians, analo- … the plebeians now met the patricians appa-

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b.c. 421 the plebeians were admitted to the … retain, stripped the consulship of a consider- … PLETHRON (n\d8pov\ the fundamental

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or KoXafioi: It was also introduced into the … to two different objects. (1) A kind of shed … POEXA (ttoiit)), a general name for any … whole armies. They also formed part of the … annually ; and in times of peace they seem to … of post and moerium (mttrus), in the same … a certain space on each side of it unoccupied, … nations increased the boundaries of the em-

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thi grand procession 'with which the games … structures of the same kind, and corresponded … led direct to the Janiculum.—VI. Pons Vati-

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was built by Aemilius Scaurus the censor. … stupendous remains, still existing in Italy, I closure called septum and ovile, passed over a … Pons is also used to signify the platform

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toms and usages. The details of these duties … tius. As to the rights and duties of the … flamines or a rex sacrorum were to be inau- … only as the organ of the college. He was ge- … or a dedication made, the chief pontiff had

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From the time of Theodosius the emperors … scribes by the name of Pontiftces Minores. … POPULIFUGIA or POPLIFUGIA, the … the departure of -the Gauls, and produced … even more. The jambs of the gate were … who visited the temple for various purposes. … toricians, and other persons fond of intellec- … PORTORIUM, a branch of the regular

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the duties paid on imported and exported … the aerarium. Sicily, and above all, Asia, … If a Roman citizen during war came into … captured by the enemy, he became a slave ; … by an act of the state a man was given up … cers at Athens, who collected the fines and … frequently advertised the time, place, and … entitled in the courts of justice, and partly … either distributed by the Imperator among

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nubiae is the money realized by their sale. … PRAEFECTUS ANNOXAE, the praefect … PRAEFECTUS CASTRORUM, praefect of … PRAEFECTUS PRAETORIO, was the … rius, who made Sejanus commander of the … sometimes two ; from the time of Commodus

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buted througnout the city a number of … PRAES, is a surety for one who buys of … PRAETOR (orpemjyos), was originally a … ingly he was called praetor peregrinus. The … gustus, after several changes, fixed the num-

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was the first in rank. His duties confined … to four out of the number. Sulla added to … accounts, four praetors. On these occasions … cohortes, a body of troops instituted by Au- … sesterces. They soon became the most … to remain at Rome, but had no longer the

310

PROBOLE (7rpo0oA7)), an accusation of a … the religious festivals ; and against all such … acted in the place of a consul, without holding … every species of treason, hut also every such … kinds of treason were a secret correspondence

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important trust, such as a fleet, army, or … friends. The posterity of a traitor became … PROMETIIEI.Y (irpenTjfleta), a festival … PROPYLAEA (Trpo-n-uKaia), the entrance to … PROSCRIPTIO. The verb proscribe™ … Srifjiov), a leader of the people, denoted at … PROVTN'CIA. This word is merely a

312

PRO VINCI A. … poses he made circuits through the different … midia; Mauritania. Those of a subsequent … appointed as governors of provinces, but … a guilty governor to the punishment that he

313

imperial power under Augustus, a consider- … with some modifications, continued to the … PRYTANEIUM \iepinavelav), the public … PSEPHUS (i^os), a ball of stone, used bj

314

the Athenian dicasts in giving their verdict. … pai/>>j? ypaifjri). The name of every state … Tei'a; ypaipr/), a prosecution against one, who

315

and consisted of freemen as well as slaves, … rium ; Salinae ; Scriptura.] The porti- … TTuyjiotrvi'T)), boxing, was one of the earliest … the contests in wrestling and racing had been … PUGIO (fxaxalPa), a dagger ; a two-edged … PULYIX AR, a couch provided with cushions … been of the height of three or four feet from … PYAXEPSIA {wvavi^ia), a festival cele- … PYTHIA (n-iifJia), one of the four great

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this purpose contained a hippodromus or sents a very plain jewel-box, out of which a … himself. They were originally perhaps no- /\TTADRAGESIMA, the fortieth part of the … by the Spartan kings, two by each, as mes- … RAXTAL, or AMPHORA only, was the prin- … received a fourth part of the criminal's pro- … QUAESTOR (Tafias), a name given to two … this purpose contained a hippodromus or sents a very plain jewel-box, out of which a … himself. They were originally perhaps no- /\TTADRAGESIMA, the fortieth part of the … by the Spartan kings, two by each, as mes- … RAXTAL, or AMPHORA only, was the prin- … received a fourth part of the criminal's pro- … QUAESTOR (Tafias), a name given to two

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pointed, though probably no longer by the … and of course taken only from the patricians. … being elected to the office : at last, in b. c. … to superintend the sale of the boot}-, the … Rome, and gave the soldiers their pay; they

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the quaestors after their election at Rome, … lon! a.] … QUINQUATRUS or QUINQUATRIA, a … by Nero, a. u. 60, in imitation of the Greek … QUINQUENNALIS. [Colonia, p. 101, a.] … were frequently appointed under the republic … respecting the meaning of which see Forna- … REDEMPTOR, the general name for a … REMULCUM (pu/xouAKeif xa; vavs), a rope … TUXDAE, was the term used to designate … received in the Provinciae, or in the Urbs … the quaestors after their election at Rome, … lon! a.] … QUINQUATRUS or QUINQUATRIA, a … by Nero, a. u. 60, in imitation of the Greek … QUINQUENNALIS. [Colonia, p. 101, a.] … were frequently appointed under the republic … respecting the meaning of which see Forna- … REDEMPTOR, the general name for a … REMULCUM (pu/xouAKeif xa; vavs), a rope … TUXDAE, was the term used to designate … received in the Provinciae, or in the Urbs

319

Roma, either in the discharge of their juris- … The first lex on the subject was the Cal- … but a magistratus could not be accused during … M. Fonteius, and L. Flaccus, the two last of … senators. The lex had been passed when … (Slktvov), a net. Nets were made most com-

320

soars and deer (which, are seen within it), i ancones, vari). To dispose the nets in this … When old age had blunted his powers and … officer who discharged the priestly functions

321

first interrex could not hold the comitia for … the full regal authority and power. First, … Again, all the magistrates in the kingly … sessing the right of meeting at certain times … CUS, or REX BACRORUM. When the civil

322

was always elected and inaugurated in the … duty to try to propitiate the anger of the gods. … RICIXIUM, an article of female dress, … The sacrifices offered on this occasion con- … ROSTRA, or The Beaks, was the name ap-

323

so that the speaker might turn either to the … kind of sack or bag made of hair, cloth, or … the duumviri, the rex sacrorum, and the … so that the speaker might turn either to the … kind of sack or bag made of hair, cloth, or … the duumviri, the rex sacrorum, and the

324

by the pontiffs and the augurs, or hy the … superintended and regulated by the pontiffs. … place was a part of a temple or of a private house. … lieved to be consumed by the gods. All sa-

325

for in regard to the former they were in … sacrifices. The head of the victim, before it … touched anything belonging to the sacrifice … as an offering for itself. A third class of

326

opinion appears to have been the most com- … 8AGMINA, were the same as the verbenae, … SALII, priests of Mars Gradivus, said to … Salii carrying the Aneilia. (From an ancient Gem.)

327

Tullus Hostilius, or the Quivinalian, from … events, or a series of events, as in the modern … [Dioxysia.] The Corybantian was of a very was danced to the sound of the flute, and its

328

by the name of the Pyrrhic foot (""), which … Such was the Carpaea (KapwaCa), peculiar to … duced, who in the course of their dance riung … ei? fiaxaipas. "We learn from Tacitus that the … to dance. The mimetic dances of the Romans,

329

times of the republic, and under the empire, … SANDALIUM (craj'SaAioj/ or aavhakov), a … SARRACUM, a kind of common cart or … being the common offering of the more

330

nrtlia proper, commencing: on xvi. Kal. Dec, … signified cutting figures out of a solid mate- … steps, which were called scabella. A scam- … denoted a simple staff or walking-stick, was … and Persian measure, the length of which is … the pay of the Roman state. They were … from the officers of state to whom they were … SCRIPTURA, that part of the revenue of

331

tures, together with the number and quality … lum or Scbiplum (ypa^jxa), the smallest … made of wood or wicker-work, and from … kings and generals when abroad. When a … SECESPITA, an instrument used by the … hatchet. The axe was either made with a

332

of sitting upon this chair belonged to the j authority. We find it occasionally exhibited … introduced until long after the lectica was … Sellae, Chairs. (The nght-fannd figure from the Vatican … SENATUS. In all the republics of an-

333

affairs, as at Sparta and in early Rome, the … cancies in the senate arose from many of the … there were consequently 300 senators. The

334

when the real senators had voted, step over … When at length all the state offices had be- … re-elected at the next lustrum. This dis- … the emperor to make it up. As regards the … remained unaltered throughout the time of

335

■whatever measures the king thought proper … the proposal of the senate. The curies only … garded the senate as their common protector. … the point at issue. It depended upon the

336

president which of the opinions expressed he … L'ti, <$c.)" The names of the persons who … but others might assist if they chose, and a

337

original number of 100 [centum) senators. … SEP'TIMONTIUM, a Roman festival which … btjeinum. Raw silk was brought from the … Aristotle defends the justice of the institution … read as well of the purchase and sale of … of the country or separated from their fami- … The majority of slaves was purchased ; few

338

barians. The chief supply seems to have … either worked on their masters' account or … into the condition of metoici. They were

339

limiting the quantity of public land ■which a … upon them, who was generally called by the … The mechanical arts, which were formerly … were often entrusted with property to a large

340

either on a raised stone (hence de lapide … as the horse-jockeys of modern times : some- … came from the East had their ears bored, … tores); and the pertness and impudence of … a knowledge of any art which might bring … they also possessed the privilege of the tes- … tute a familia. Private slaves were divided … who had the superintendence of certain parts of … included the great body of slaves in a house … larly. This class also included the porters

341

the law docs not seem to have protected the … was the corn called far, of which either four … ever given them. Under the republic they … or by being sent to work in the Ergastulum … to wear the toga or bulla, nor females the … the Dii Manes of slaves (Dis Manibus).

342

The sestertius was the denomination of money … with the numeral adjectives below 1000 : … tertia nummum. For sums of a thousand … word. If so, it ought to be used only as the … SEXTARIUS, a Roman dry and liquid … to have been obtained in the reign of Tar- … and fifteen, of whom an account is given

343

it from Pugio, which denoted a dagger of the … stances of danger to have wrenched the eagle

344

ing several standards, represents the perform- … march out of the camp ; ad signa cvnvenire, … SITOPHYLACES (<m-ooWAaK.es), a board of … did so, was punishable with death. Of the

345

respect to the sale of corn in the market. … happened to sever a marriage contract, the … tida, and denoted a slipper or low shoe,

346

had either been conquered by the Romans, … usually obtained it subsequently. The con- … whenever Rome demanded them. The num- … nished them with provisions at the expense … however, did not, like those of the Italian … times auxilia externa. Towards the end of … SOLEA was the simplest kind of sandal … tio; and woodcut on p. 343.]

347

SOPHRONISTAE. [Gymnasium.] plate covered at the back with a thin leaf of … &c. These sortes or lots were usually little pieces of furniture, whereas metal mirrors … verbal response of an oracle. Various things … reconnoitre the ground and observe the … Lnokmg-glass held bv a Nymph. (From a Pamting at … SPIRA (o-Treipa), dim. SPIRULA, the base

348

Manubiae, Exuviae, Spolia. Of these Pineda … such as chariots, standards, beaks of ships … SPORTULA. In the days of Roman free- … to places of public resort when he went

349

6pofj.o9). The name stadium was also given … ally from the stater which was afterwards … STATOR, a public servant, who attended … the art of making statues or busts, whether … for the parts representing the flesh. The

350

him. Endneus of Athens is called a disciple … sentations of the gods. These statues were … The number of artists who flourished during … Aegina and Argos, while Chios gained the … bronze. The former of them made in477 b.c. … applied to statues of the gods, and it was not

351

for their artistic purposes. A third class of

352

Lysippus of Sicyon carried out the principles … in the Forum and other places.

353

thither from all parts of the empire for … have been used before the age of Hadrian. … of very exquisite workmanship. The best … before, and are awkward and poor ; the hair

354

A … the same word with the Greek o-niAos, and … hence to correct. The stylus was also termed

355

and was fastened round the body by a girdle, … especially peculiar to the democratic states … denotes, entrusted with the command on mili- … nos), a girdle or belt worn by women round … SUFFRAG1UM, a vote. At Athens the

356

the mode of voting at Home, see Comitia, p. … vated place made of materials heaped up … Lustratio; and woodcut on p. 343.] … growers exported their fruit in spite of pro- … punity. Hence the term o-vKo^avreiv, which … in the time of Aristophanes and Demosthenes … was a happy compound of the common bar-

357

pared with, the modern one of granting letters … SuAAoyei; tou <5?j|u.ou, or the Collectors of the … are all words used to signify a contract, but

358

warded with a crown, a garland, a cake, or … quently used as synonymous with the word … derived their name from the circumstance of … to the court of Areiopagus, or to the place … SYNEGORUS (o-vi/ijyopo;). In causes of … SYNGRAPHE (ovyypoufnj), signifies a writ- … loans of money, and all executory agree- … person, mutually agreed on between the

359

several families, a lodging-house, insula, as … ses. The synthesis appears to have been a … with some colour, and was not white, like the … is applied to a dress with a train. It was … dreia. The syssitia of the Cretans were … from the public tables. The guests were … even the kings, were excused from attend-

360

racter, and the contribution of each member … of sending them otherwise. … pieces of wood, usually of an oblong shape, … the t omitted, twktlov. The Latin word pu- … among the Komans for almost every species … wills, were almost always written on waxen … the time of the empire. Public notaries, … racter, and the contribution of each member … of sending them otherwise. … pieces of wood, usually of an oblong shape, … the t omitted, twktlov. The Latin word pu- … among the Komans for almost every species … wills, were almost always written on waxen … the time of the empire. Public notaries,

361

TALA.RIA, small wings, fixed to the ancles … a balance [Libra], then the substance … at the same place for different substances, … hut it is used only in the sense of a punish-

362

or other objects of a similar kind were em- … threw up into the air, or emptied out of a … and women, and heroes. Thus the throw, … nal proceedings for malversation or waste of

363

spective departments. Such were the Tpiijpo- … time to time for the prosecution of their … at Athens, next in rank to the strategi. … TEGULA (/ce'pa/u.05, dim, Kepajxi's), a roofing- … modern times, on account of its having been

364

female slaves {quasillariae), under the super- … the warp. All that is effected by the shuttle

365

thus made by a forcible impulse to drive the … traband or uncustomed goods, watched the … wholly or partly, at the expense of the indi-

366

to mean any payment in the nature of a tax … honour very rarely granted by the Athenians. … separated from the rest by the staff of the … minus. The place chosen for a templum was … mere sacra or aedes sacrae. Thus the sanc- … the sanctuary to pray or to offer sacrifices … columns. Those of an oblong form had

367

let in at the door, was now frequently let in … two columns in front between the antae. 3. … teral, with two ranges of columns (>Tepd) all … never more than ten columns in the end por- … AiderruAos, diastyle, the intercolumniation, or

368

immense treasures contained in many of the … on them, prevented from being taken into … dispose of their property according to the

369

two modes of making wills ; either at Calata … could not easily be set on fire. The batter- … driven over them. A testudo was formed

370

building-. The advantages of this plan were … to its etymological meaning, to signify the go- … but only in case of a heavy calamity having … nences, or on the sloping side of a hill. … parts of Greece and Asia Minor, although

371

of the rock, consisted of rows of benches … I and parallel with the benches. These pas- … contributed to increase the acoustic effect. … with boards. As the chorus was the clement

372

which was of course nearer to the stage than … observe what was going on at a distance.

373

come acquainted with the theatres of the … appears that a wooden stage was erected … tion, as the honorary seats of the equites.

374

pomp of the Circensian games, conveyed the … necessary to accompany the tensae in a litter. … others appear to have had the same honour … at Athens were comprised the monies ex- … celebrated with great splendour and at a … ceived the name of diobclia (Siw/SeAia). It is

375

In the earlier times there was no person, or … THEORI (Sewpoi), persons sent on special … duty it was to consult oracles, interpret the … THESAURUS (tfrjo-aupos), a treasure-house. … treasuries at all: some of the best archae-

376

THOLOS (fbAos, also called cr/ctas), a name … THRONUS (flpdVos), a throne, is a Greek … Kup/3acri'a), a hat with a large high crown. … THYRSUS (SOpo-os), a pole carried by … terminated by the apple of the pine, or fir-

377

the fistula or syrinx [Syrinx]. But among- … pipes" as a proper accompaniment, when he … either by the law or by the agreement of the

378

severe, he made a counter proposition. … the tirones twice, in the morning and after- … TITII SODALES, a sodalitas or college of … the Etruscans. The toga was the peculiar

379

in the Louvre, and a bronze figure of the elder … twisted, as in figs. 2 and 5. A variety again … fice, when necessary to cover the head, the

380

can spare an extra length, but in the statue … Gabino. —The colour of the toga worn by … There is an allusion to this custom in the … were first put on at festivals. The toga was

381

public solemnities, such as opening the tem- … TORMEXTUM (a^enjpia opyapa), a mili- … Greek.—By a decree of Scamandrius it was … pears to have been considered of more value … ornament of gold, twisted spirally and bent … Greek. The tragedy of the ancient Greeks

382

Dithyramb was danced by a chorus of fifty … heroes, a practice in which he was followed … ludicrous, i. e. the plot of them was some … card the Satyrs from his choruses. That he

383

its old characteristics, and inclining to heroic … at least formed a connected whole, called a … alluding in the first line to the mythic or … The custom of contending with trilogies (Vpi- … that he was considered the father of it. The … pears with less of sublimity and sternness … them speak the language of every-day life. … the rhetorical and forensic language of his

384

the principal persons of the drama, declare … cially by Aeschylus. It was common to the … Or the tale of Troy divine.'1 … It often expresses the reflections of a dispas- … Ovid wrote a tragedy on the subject of Me- … any of the Greek tragedies. Some fragments … of the most revolting violations of pro-

385

TRIBULA or TRIBULUM (TptjSoXos), a … the city the magistrates of the tribes, and … collecting the tributum, which they made

386

to the plebeians the right of appointing tri- … perty should be forfeited to the temple of … from each of the five classes, and subse- … themselves. The whole power possessed by

387

time farther than one mile beyond the gates … every thing had been decided in the college

388

But as the quaestorship, at least ir\ later … by it; but cases in which the people itself … During the latter period of the republic,

389

tribes and clans. Homer speaks of such di- … obae (io0cu), a word denoting a local division … of these divisions, how far they were local, … a new set of names; Dias (Aias), Athenais … derived from the sons of Ion, son of Xuthus. … the relations of the tribes to each other, by

390

cestor. These divisions, though the names … dissolved.—After the age of Theseus, the … and Parali (IldpaAot) or people of the sea- … celebrated constitution and code of laws. … tion, or division of the people into Pentaco- … demi (Sij.'-ioi), the number of which was after- … joined to make up a tribe. [Dkmus.] The

391

sion of more of the surrounding territory, … TRIBUTUM, a tax which was partly ap- … quently to pay the interest as well. It was … was raised according to the regions or tribes … portion of every thousand asses of the census, … TRICLINIUM, the dining-room of a Ro-

392

as long- as it was broad. The superintend- … the plan of a triclinium, it is evident that, … TRIERARCIIIA OpirjpapxiV), one of the … the year 412 b. c., after the defeat of the

393

only meant as a relief in case of emergency, … place in their internal arrangements, of which … to have done, considering that the trierarchy … for the symmoriae of the property-tax, the … to their property, so that the poor were be- … adds, that the consequences were highly be-

394

gave an exemption from all the rest during … TRIUMPHt'S (0piV/3°s), a solemn pro- … either by land or sea, but the latter were

395

That the war should have been a legitimate … nists of the Sullan party, nor Caesar after … or curious. 4. A body of flute players.

396

the foe. 8. The leaders themselves, and … dered robe {toga picta) and flowered tunic Capitoline hill, some of the hostile chiefs … his children of tender years, and sometimes … singing hymns to the gods, while others

397

displayed in the vestibulum of the family … according to the forms of even the ancient … Augustus in the earl}7 part of his career, yet … after were a common mark of the favour of … office. The following is a list of the most … They were elected by the people, the comitia … In conjunction with the aediles, they had to … to revise the lists of the equites, and to admit … they had to go round the city during the … traordinary officers elected in the Comitia … dae. W hen the supreme power was shared

398

five years more. The coalition between Ju- … elected in the Comitia Tribute in the time of … persons into the senate. This was previously … TROPAEUM (Tpoiraiov, Ait. rponalov), a

399

of individuals. [Spolia.] Subsequently, … of the Allobroges, when they built at the … was not until a late period used in the … fabricated for the Tyrrhenians by Athena, … TUMULTUS, the name given to a sudden

400

less consequence, though the fear might have … vvav), an under-garment. (1) Gkeek. The … in the company of men without any further

401

or clasps required in the Ionic dress. The … SlttXolSlov). It appears not to have been a … Uiploidion was fastened over the shoulders … The Athenian youths, in the earlier times,

402

in many folds, but the shape of the former is … were larger and longer than those of men, … people, who could not afford to purchase a … TURRIS (mjpyo*;), a tower. Moveable … as to overtop the walls, towers, and all other

403

windows, of which there were several to each … ditary monarchies became elective; the dif- … n.o;), or Prytanis (n-pvTayis), instead of Ba- … ing up as the champions of popular right. … with a sort of dictatorial power for that pur-

404

as the creation of a body-guard for him hy … a king; for the difference between the two … ever it might be restrained in practice by the … cKta.Sioi', a-/ci.a8«na)), a parasol, was used by … as the creation of a body-guard for him hy … a king; for the difference between the two … ever it might be restrained in practice by the … cKta.Sioi', a-/ci.a8«na)), a parasol, was used by

405

against the sun. They seem not to have … The application of unguenta in connection … was simply to preserve the health and elas- … general till towards the end of the republic,

406

URCEUS, a pitcher or water-pot, generally … USUSFRUCTUS was the right to the en- … VALLUM, a term applied either to the … URCEUS, a pitcher or water-pot, generally … USUSFRUCTUS was the right to the en- … VALLUM, a term applied either to the

407

ciroumvallation, of 'which some of the "best … ministers of finance, used to let the various

408

of this emperor we read r. c. c., that is, … YELITES, the light-armed troops in a Ro- … formed part of the games of the circus. Ju- … formed a regular part of the ludi circenses, … in a temporary canal or trench (euripus). At

409

among which we find mention of 600 lions, … the railings (clathri) by which they were … A … sufficient evidence of their guilt, like that of

410

ground for the suspicion. At Athens the … VER SACRUM (eros Upov). It was a … VESTALES, the virgin priestesses of Vesta, … Italy. The Lex Papia ordained that when a … voluntarily, and offered a daughter who ful-

411

ma, or Virgo Maxima, and we find also the … been pounded in a mortar, thrown into an … believing that something of awful sanctity … When condemned by the college of ponti- … all the rights of matrons who had borne … treaties, such as that of the triumvirs with

412

pomoerium. The}' were attired in a stola … locks. The following cut represents the … VESTIBULUXI. [Domtjs, p. 142, a.] … the country around Rome which have been

413

side and strewed with gravel, the different … blocks were set up at moderate intervals on … Brundusium.—2. The Via Latina, from the … Telesia, joined the Via Appia at Beneventum.

414

nium to Aternum on the Adriatic, thence to … Castrum Truentinum it reached the coast, … Fanum Fortunae on the Adriatic, while the … thing necessary for a perwn setting out on a … potestas and not imperium, such as the tri- … VICESlMA, a tax of five per cent. Every … VICUS, the name of the subdivisions into

415

city tribes of Servius Tullius were divided, … of the four regions of the four city tribes, … who had a sort of local police, and who, ac- … minores, among whom were included the Tri- … VILLA, a farm or country-house. The … VINALIA. There were two festivals of … VIXEA, in its literal signification, is a

416

strueted in a safe place at some distance … his Asiatic conquests he bestowed on the … and not until after this date were the merits … a tank of cold fresh wate" or buried in wet … such as the burranica potio, so called from

417

naria, an apartment on the ground-floor or a … cool and give air to the contents, to add any … the cclla vinaria, and usually placed in the … tation to have run its full course. But a … for some weeks upon the vine, the stalks … coloured (<appds). The Romans distinguish

418

off from the dolia into amphorae. When it … singly, or cooked up into a great variety of

419

Romans at their drinking entertainments, the … a wine bearing the same name was produced … ever for the remark that the finest Greek … The second rank was occupied by the Faler- … we place the Surrentinttm, from the promon- … being destitute of richness, and very dry, it

420

after at banquets. This list is closed by the … VIS. Leges were passed at Rome for the … VITRTJM (uaAos), glass. A story has been … some of the lumps of nitre which composed … tities to the workshops of Sidon and Alex- … Thus the i/eAos of Herodotus, in which the … cated. But when the same historian, in … tainty by Theophrastus, who notices the … familiar. Strabo declares that in his day a … of gold and silver ; and in the reign of Alex- … the emperor taxed to raise money for his

421

wrought according to the different methods … relief or intaglio of engraved precious stones. … vitreae camerae, and the panels vitreae quad- … VITTA, or plural VITTAE, a ribbon or … especially those of Vesta, and hence vittata … at the public expense, and as they distin- … XEXAGI (fevayoi'). The Spartans, as being … wrought according to the different methods … relief or intaglio of engraved precious stones. … vitreae camerae, and the panels vitreae quad- … VITTA, or plural VITTAE, a ribbon or … especially those of Vesta, and hence vittata … at the public expense, and as they distin- … XEXAGI (fevayoi'). The Spartans, as being

422

independence of the Greek states, had the … the council of war, as representatives of their … having neither of those titles, assumed to act … but a citizen was privileged to do, he was … XESTES (fe'o-nit), a Greek measure of ca- … extraordinary officers, appointed by the … the goods of condemned criminals and state … inventory of all such goods (a7ro7pa</)eii>) to … £o>p.a, £u)(rrr)p, niVpu), a girdle or zone, worn … independence of the Greek states, had the … the council of war, as representatives of their … having neither of those titles, assumed to act … but a citizen was privileged to do, he was … XESTES (fe'o-nit), a Greek measure of ca- … extraordinary officers, appointed by the … the goods of condemned criminals and state … inventory of all such goods (a7ro7pa</)eii>) to … £o>p.a, £u)(rrr)p, niVpu), a girdle or zone, worn

Table of greek and roman measures, weights, and money

423

OF … I. Greek Measures of Length. … IX. Greek Measures of Capacity. … (1) The As and its Uncial Di- … (2) Subdivisions of the Uncia 43?

424

GRECIAN MEASURES OF LENGTH. … 1 a 1 5 … 6 5 a … X.B.—Approximate Values. From the above Table, it will be seen that the Greek Foot, Cubit, … Palmus Major (of late times) … X.B.—Approximate Values. The Roman Uncia, h

426

ROMAN MEASURES OF LENGTH. … * See Note to Table III. … GRECIAN MEASURES OF SURFACE. … Axauu (Square of the /caAa/xos) .... … This differs from a rood, or a quarter of an acre, by little more than 2 perches ; for the rood

428

a … a

430

GRECIAN MEASURES OF CAPACITY. … Ekto? (equal to the … * See the Note to Table VII. + Or one quart. % Or one bushel and a half. … ROMAN MEASURES OF CAPACITY. … e. 1-4U1 of the Sextarius … Sextarius, i. e. i-6th of the … * See the Note to Table VII f See the Note to Table VIII

431

1. Eatios of the three chief Systems. … The Aeginetan Talent = fjcoo Aeginetan Drachmae = 7200 Euboic = 10,0:0 Solonian … * Also called the Attic Silver Talent. When Attic weights are spoken of without any further … * In this and the other tables the English weights used are those of the avoirdupois scale as … Or i of an oz.

433

I. The Uncial Divisions of the Pound. … i ^ ! i-A- I As, or Libra … * This only differs from the ounce avoirdupois by less than 7 grains. … II. Subdivisions of the Uncia.

434

L Before the Reign of Augustus : when the Denarius was 1-7U1 of an Ounce, or about … Money of Account {not … * For the subdivisions of the gold money, see Auruji. … After the Reign of Augustus: when the Denarius was i-3th

436

a.d. 01. … A. d. 01.

Calendarium

437

of the … a … a 3 … a) … (of the month

Greek index

438

The numerals indicate the pages, and the U tters a and b the first and second columns respectively. … 'Aym/Aiji 200, a. … 'Aycuj/Lorcu. 47, a. … Aikicls Slkyj, 16, a. … Attupa, 11, a. … 'A/cpartCT/ixa, 95, a. … 'A/cwK)j, 199, b. … 'AAvtcu, 18, a; 275, a. … A/x^opeu's, 2 J, a. … Av9viraT09, jio, a. … Avriypa^nJ, 27, a; 132, a. … Afwv, 124, a.

439

'A?rauAi.a, 250, b. … "Attolkoi, 9 j, a. … 'AirOTLiJ.-rjiJ-a, I45, b. … 'Aprafi-q, 43, a. … ~Bdpa6pov, 57, a. … BoAi's, 76, a. … Bpaupajfta, 62, a. … TaprjAia, 19;, a. … VeveLov, 57, a. … Tvatfievs, 184, a. … rvpracrtof, 197, a.

440

Eu^atKcuytTt?, 140, a. … Aa/aoa-i'a, l6l, b; JOI, b. … Aeirn'Of, 95, a. … At/carrjAoyot, 128, a. … AttAKUtrrtVSa rrat^eii', 198, a. … ALKao"Tr/5, IJI, a. … cfouAr/9, 152, a. … Atp.ax<xt, IJ5, b; 164, a. … €f aarei, or peyd\a, IJ 5, b. … AdAtoy, 140, a. … Avp.ava.rai, J89, a. … *Ey/cA7yp.a, I JI, b. … EicrTroieta-Sai, 7, a. … 'EicAoyets, 149, a. … <EAKva"TtV5a irai^eiv, 198, a. … '' VJp.fi\r)p.a, 152, a. … "ErSup-a, 19, b. … 'Ef7jyr)Tat, 160, a; 160, b.

441

'E£»pet£, 262, a. … 'ETrayyeAia, T5?» a* … 'Ettcictoo'ioi', 384, a. … 'Etti^oAtj, i?5,a. … 'Em'/cA^pos, 155, a. … ETTip-iiAtor, 2*6. a. … 'E7rt(TTuAtoi') 102, a; 155, b. … 'E7Ttu/3eAta, 156, a. … 'Ecrxapa, 31, a; 141, b; 180, b. … EuSetTri'os, ii, a. … 'Er/)e'(ri.?, 29, a* … ZcLKopoi, 10, a. … Zvyov, 161, a; 217, a; 245, b; … Za)p.6? p.e'Aa.5, 160, a. … 'Hyep.oVe<? <rvau.opLujv, fyt, a. … 'IIp.c'pa Kvpia tov vijiov, 94» a- … Hpa>oi', 186, a. … ©apyTjAta, 370, a. … ®e'p-a, 46, a. … 0eroc, 7, a. … I ©vpwpo?, 140, b; 215, a.

442

OlfTTJptOl', j i, a. … "lySrjl'IySts, 2 57, a. … 'Ip.a-ri'ciioi', 28j, a. … "Itrfyua, 214, a. … Kapdpa, 69, a. … Ka7TT]Aeior, 77» a- … KapTrai'a, 323, a. … KepKi'8es, 364. b; 371, a. … Krjpoypatt>ia, 295» a« … ] KAatfpoi', 215, a. … Kdpv//.j3o;, 103, a. … Kovpd, 103, a.

443

Kiiiuv, 362, a. … AeiTOvpyCa., 224, a. … Ae'xos, 222, a. … ArjjiapxtKW ypapip.a.Teioi', … Ai^vpyi's, 239, a ; 262, b. … Aovrrjp, 55, a. … MaaTiyordp-Ol, 249, a. … Moi'oxtVcoi', 401, a. … MuAos, 256, a. … Of/cos. … NatSiov, 186, a. … NeAcpoSetTrroi', 187, a. … NewKopoi, 10, a; 269, a. … 'OjSoAd;, 145, a ; 361, b.

444

Oii'LGTrjpia, 103, a. … 'Oxpi'Sa;, J 72, a. … "Ovos, 256, a. … 'Opyind, 278, a. … Ilaial', 27y, a. … WaparTK-qviov, 372, a. … neAxao-Tai, 42, a; 16;, a; … EfoTaAitftginp, 362, a. … IlepTijKWTopog, 260, b ; 262, a. … Ht)Vt>, 364, a. … TIAoioi', 259, b; 262, a.

445

\lopi(TTai, 30?, a; 362, b. … IIovs, 292, a. … TIpi>raFetoi>, Ji J, a. … Iluyfxa^ta, 315> a … HvOlol, 316, a. … SaKfco?, 101, b ; 103, a; 32J, a. … 2tro5etat, 345- a- … ^Kta^rjpoi/, 206, a. … ^.ndpyavov, 212, a. … ^.TOLxelov, 2c6, a. … I SuAAoyels, 357, a.

446

2up./3dAaioi', 3i7, a. … Sunjyopos, 160, b; 358, a. … Sipatpa, 296, a. … 2<pi'8es, 246, a. … Tatw'a, 264, b : 355, b. … Tel^os, 257, a. … T6V01, 222, a. … Tpta/caSe?, 389, a. … Tpt7)po^oioi, 261, a ; 363, a. … 'JaAapoi', 292, a. … ttap/xaKOt, 370, a.

447

■Sacryaiw, 196, a. … 'fopeioi', 221, a. … ^vA.aKTTjptoi^, 24, a. … Xa.Aij/69, 182, a. … Xeiporoi'ia, 34, a ; 83, b. … Xoes, 136, a. … Xopds, 8;, a; 198, b. … Xpvcrou?, 349, a.

Latin index

448

A. … Aoclamatlo, 2, a. … Acbaicum fcedua, j, a. … Aclis, 4, a; 201, a. … Actio, 5, a; 11), b. … Actor, 6, a. … Adcrescendi jure, 204, a. … Ailcptio, 7,a. … Aebutia lex, 226, a. … Aeditimi, 10, a. … Aes, 12, a. … Aetolicum fcedus, i}, a. … scriptuarius, jji, a. … Agonalia, 15, a. … Agrimensores, 16, a. … Alauda, 17, a. … Alites, 50, a.

449

Altare, ji, a. … Annus magnus. 66, a. … Antenna, 267, a. … Apodyterlum, 56, a. … Apparitio, 29, a. … Alsietina, or Augusta, 30, a … Prusi, ?7, a. … Arrogatio, 7, a. … Ascia, 44, a. … Asyli jus, 46, a. … Athletae, 47, a. … Atramentum, 48, a. … senatus, 336, a. … 366, a. … Augustus, 53, a; 68,

450

Authepsa, 54. a. … Axis, 124, a. … Baebia lex, 227, a. … Balteus, 57, a. … Basterna, a. … Bes, 44, a. … Bldens, 59, a; 268, b. … Biremis, 59, b; 260, a. … Bracae, or Braccae, 62, a. … Buccinator, it, a. … Caecilia lexde censoribus, 227,a. … Caelia lex, 2?6, a. … Calculator, 65, a. … i lex de repetundis, 119, a. … 1 Cancelli, 69, a; 107, b. … Candida tug, 18. b; 380, a. … Capite censi. 71, a. … Capsarii, 56, a; 71, a. … Catapbracti, lb. a. … Celeres, 78, a.

451

Centesima, 82, a. … Centussis, 44, a. … Ceruchi, 267, a. … Cetra, 83, a. … Chlamys, 84, a. … Gabinus, 383, a. … Classic!, 171, a. … Clepsydra, 207, a. … equitatae, 171, a. … Colores, 295, a. … Coma, 103, a. … Commercium, 92, a. … Concamerata sudatio. 56, a. … 319, a- … Convivinm, 357, a. … agrar'a, 228, a. … de repetundis, 319, a. … a.

452

228, a. … obsidionalis, 118, a. … sacerdotalis, 119, a. … Corporati, 98, a. … Cosmetae, 120, a. … Cumera, 252, a. … Cursores, 125, a. … Cyatbus, 12;, a. … Decanus, 117, a. … Decennalia, or Decennia, 128, a. … DeeusMS, 44, a. … Delectus, 167, a. … Designator, 188, a. … Dialis flainen, 180, a. … Diem dicere, 216, a. … fasti, 135, a! lT5, a.

453

Divorttum, 139, a. … Dolinm, 140, b; 417, a. … Ducenarii, 146, a ; 21*, a. … Duodecim scripta, 221, a. … Eculeus, 159, a. … Emblema, 152, a. … Euripus, 2 2, a ; 408, b. … Exsul, 173, a. … Extraordinarii, 167, a ; 346, a. … Familiae emptor, 174, a. … dies, 17;, a. … Fauces, 88, a ; 14!, a. … stultorum. i3 i, a. … Fideicommissum, 179, a.

454

FIG D LIN" A. … Fistula, 359, a. … Flamen, 180, a. … Foculus, 14;, a; 180, b. … Fons, 181, a. … Fulcra, 222, a. … Fimes, 222, a; 267, b. … Gabinia lex, 229, b ; 2j6, a. … Gomphi, 41;, a. … Herediam, 217, a. … Hermogenianus codex, 9;, a. … Hora, I t5j a.

455

Januarius, 67, a. … lnjuriarum actio, 213, a. … de foeuore, 230, a. … de sacerdotiis, 324, a. … de vi publicaet privata, 212,a, … Junia lex repetundarum, 3 [9, a. … Jurisdictio, 117, a; 218, a. … civitatis, 92, a. … Labarum, 344, a. … Laciniae, 220, a. … Lapicidinae, 221, a. … Larva, 29:, a. … Latinus, 92, a ; 181, a. … Lavatio calda, ?6, a. … Legatus, 222, b ; 313, a. … Legitimae actiones, 5, a.

456

Leria, 402, a. … agraria, 14, b; 226, a. … Antia, 236, a. … Apuleia majestatis, 247, a. … Baebia, 227, a. … Campana, 2? 5, a. … Centuriata, 79, a. … Clodiae, 18 (, a ; 227, b. … de novis tabellis, 228, a. … de repetundis, 519, a. … Homitia de sacerdotiis, 324, a. … 22>), a. … Julia de adulteriis, 8, a. … Memo da, or Remmia, ^9, a. … Ogulnia, 2 32, a. … 2?2, a. … Plautia Papiria, 232, a. … Pompeia de vi, 212, a; 232, b. … Publiliae, 233, a.

457

Lex Rubria, 2 !4, a. … Titia de alea, 17, a. … Tribunicia, 2JB, a; 236, b. … Visellia, 237, a. … Libra, 239, a. … Li men, 21;, a. … Literae, jto, a. … Locus liberatuset effatus, 366, a. … Lucta, 242, a. … liberales, 137, a. … scenici, 2c6, a; 242, a. … Trojae, 90, a. … Lupus ferreus, 244, a. … societaiis, 246, a. … Malleolus. 247, a. … Manipulares. 168, a. … Martialis flamen, 180, a. … Matralia, 249, a. … Matura, 201, a. … Memmia lex, 69, a

458

Mensarii, 254, a … Metae, 87, a … Minores, 123, a; 246, b. … Missus, 9c, a. … Morbus comitialis, ic3, a. … Mulsum, 418, a. … Maries, 411, a. … Nacra, 184. a. … Xaumachia, 268, a. … Nobiles, 270, a. … Nonae, 66, a. … Obices, 21;, a. … Ogulnia lex, 232, a. … Olympia, 274, a. … Opalia, 276, b ; 330, a. … Opus incertum, 258, a. … Orca, 345, a. … Orichalcum, 278, a.

459

Ostium, 88, a; 142, b; 214, b. … Ovinia lex, 232, a. … Pala, 26, a, … Parentalia, 191, a. … Pascua, 407, a. … familias, 174, a. … conscripti, 33!, a. … Patriuionium, 174, a. … Pecunia, 12, a; 40, a; 53, b. … 39°. a- … Pero, 291, a. … Phalarica, 201, a. … J Phaselus, 293, a. … Pila, 257, a; 296, a; 343, b. … Planip.-des, 256, a. … Plebeii, 298, a. … Plebs, 298, a. … Pons, 107, b; 3C2, a. … suffragiorum, 303, a.

460

dinaria, 75, a. … Port!tores, jc6, a. … Praedes, 216, a. … Praerogativa tribus, 1C9, a. … 112, a. … Praetoria eobors, 309, a. … Princeps juventutis, 1^9, a. … via, 7;, a. … Proconsul, 310, a. … Prodlgun, 12;, a. … Propuguaculum, 381, a. … Prosecta, 325, a. … Pteron, 253, a. … Publicani, 314, a. … Pugilatus, 315, a. … Puteal, 315, a. … Pythia, 277, a; 315, b. … Quadrans, 44, a. … Quadrupes, 288, a. … viarum curandarum, 318, a;

461

Reda, 322, a. … Relegatio, 173, a. … Reticulum, 10;, a; 519. b. … Robur, 72, a. … Rogationes Liclniae, 231, a. … Rostrum, 264, a. … Sagmina, 326, a. … Scena, 372, a. … Scribere, 331, a. … Sella, 1J4, a; 3JI, b. … Semunciarium lenus, 177, a. … September, 66, a. … Sera, 215, a.

462

Sicarius, 54?, a. … Silvani et Carbonis lex. 92, a. … Solidus, 54. a. … Sonlidati, 380, a. … Spina, 87, a. … Sportula, 348, a. … Sudatio concamerata, 56, a. … Snlpidae leges, 23;, a. … publicae, 317, a. … Tectores, 31, a. … Temo, 31, b; 124, a; 297, b. … 183, a. … Thargelia, 370, a. … Thronus, 376, a.

463

Tibicinium, 577, a. … pura, 380, a. … Tormentum, 267, a; 381,3. … Tremissis, 54, a. … Triens, 44, a. … Trinmpbaliaornamenta, J97, a, … epulones, 156, a. … perslgnandis, 398, a. … Tunis, 402, a. … 2g,b; 2?7, a. … Vespae, 188, a. … Vestibulum, 142, a. … Via Principalis, 75, a. … Vico magistri, 415, a.

464

Vindex, 5, a. … Umbilicus, 2}8, a. … Uncia,44, a; 176, b; 405, a. … Universitas, 98, a. … Usus fructuarius, 406, a. … Xystus, 208, a.

English index

465

A. … Bow, 37, b. I Cooks, 97, a. … Brass, 12, a ; 278, a. preservation of, 34;, a … Axle, 124, a. … Cowl, 122, a. … Calendar (Greek), 65, a. … Chimneys, 145, a. … Combs, 288, a.

466

Felting, 297, a. … Furnace, 56, a; 182, a. … Inheritance (Greek), 203, a. … Oath (Greek), 218, a. … Knights (Athenian), 81, D. i Officers, duty of, 75, b. … Masks, 291, a. … Month (Greek), 6;, a. … Pay of soldiers, 354, b. … Poisoning, 409, a. … Prow, 263, a. … Races, 87, a.

467

Sacrifices, 324, a. … Sdk, 337, a. … Standards, military, 34?, a. … Talent, 361, a. … Throne, 376, a. … Tribunes, 385, a. … Veil, 408, a. … Weaving, 364, a. … Wine, 416, a.

Classified index

468

Under each liead the names of the artictts in the Index are given in which the subject is explained. … Arm a.

469

Classes of Citizens … Division of Land. … the Toilet. … of Time.

470

[In the text an al- … Forms of Govern-

473

of curatores is … of the principa … of magistri is

474

THE END.

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LATIN INDEX.

451

CENSUS.

Census (Greek), 3i,b.
Centesima, 82, a.

rerum venalium, 8!, a.
Oentesimae usurae, 176, b.
Centumviri, 8^, a,
Centuria, 105, b; 166, b; 168, a;
217, a.

Centuriata comitia. 10;, a.
Centurlo, 165,a; 166, b; 169, a.

primus, 169, b.

primipill, 169, b.
Centussis, 44, a.
Cera, 82, b.
Cerae, 29;, b; )6c\ b.
Ceratae tabulae, 360, a.
Cerealia, 82, b.
Cerevisia, 82,b.
Cernere hereiiitatem, 20 j, U
Ceroma, 82, b.
Certamen, 52, b.
Ceruchi, 267, a.
Cessio bonorum, 60, a. >
Cestius pons, )02, a.
Oestrum, 295, b.
Cestus, 82, b.
Cetra, 83, a.
Chaldaei, 45,b.
Charistia, 85, b.
Charta, 238, b.
Chelronomia, 83, b.
Cheniscus, 263, b.
Chirographuni, 83, b.
Chlamys, 84, a.
Choregia, 84, b.
Cboregus, 84, b.
Chorus, 8;, a.
Chronologia, 85, b.
Chrysendeta, 86, b.
Cidaris, J";6, b.

Cincia,or Muneralis,lex, 22' b.
Cinctus, 4oi,b.

Gabinus, 383, a.
Cinerarius, 64, a.
Cingulum, 41,b; 422,1).
Ciniflo, 64, a.
Cippus, 86, b.
Circenses ludi, 89, a.
Circuitores, 31, a.
Circus, 87, a.
Cisium, 90, a.
Cista, 90, a ; 34?, b.
Cistophorus, 90, b.
Cithara, 24,, a.
Civica corona, 118, n.
Civile jus, 218, a.
Civis, 91, b
Civitas (Greek). <c\ l>.

(Roman), <>i. h
Clarlgalio, 178, l>
Classica corona, 118 h.
Classic!, 171, a.
Classicum, 118, a.
Clathri, 144, b ; 409, a.
Claudia lex, 227, b.
Clavis, 398. a.
Claustra, 83. a ; 21;, a.
Clavus angusms, 92, b.

annalis, 92, b.

latus, 92, b.

COMPITALIA.

Clepsydra, 207, a.
Clibanaril, 76, a.
Cbens, 91, b.
Clientela, yj, b.
Clipeus. 41, b; 94, a.
CUtellae, 91, a.
Cloaca, 94. a.
Cioacarium, 94, a.
Cloacarum curatores, 94, b.
1 Clodiae leges, 18;, a ; 227, b.
Coa vestis, 94, b.
Coactor, 82, a; 94, b; 4-57, b.
Cochlea, 27, a; 94, b.
Cochlear, 94, b.
Codex, 39, b; 9;, a.
Codex Gregorianus et Hermo-
gianus, 95. a.

Justinianus, 9;, a.

Theodosianus, 95, a.
Coelia, or Caelia, lex, 2 36, a.
Coemptio, 1151, a.
Coena, 9;, a ; 96, b.
Coenaculum, 145, b.
Coenatio, 97, b.
Coenatoria, 97, b; 359, a.
Cognati, 98, a.
Cognatio, 98, a.
Cognitor, 6, a.
Cognomen, 271, b.
Coheres, 20j, b.
Cohors, 167, b.
Cohortes Alariae, 16, b.

equitatae, 171, a.

peditatae, 171, a.

vigilum, 171, a.

urbanae, 171, a.
Collectio, 215, b.
Collegae, 98, a.
Collegium, 98, a.
Colobiuni, 401, b.
Colonia, 98, b.
Colonus, 91*, b.
Colores, 295, a.
Colossus, 101, a.
Colum, 101, a.

Columbarium, 101, b ; 190, a.
Colunma, 101, b.

rostrata, 102, b.
Columnarium, 102, b.
Colus, 191, b.
Coma, 103, a.

Commentarii senatus, 4, b.
Commissatio, 104, a; 3j7, a.
Comitia, 104, a.

calata, 105. a.

centuriata, K5, a.

curiata, 104, b.

tributa, T08, a.
Commeatus. no, b.
Commentarii sacrorum, 304, a
Commentarium, 110, b.
Commentarius, no, b.
Commercium, 92, a.
Commissoria lex, 227, b.
Comoedia, 110, b.
Comperendin;\tio, 21?, b.
Comperendini dies, 135, b.
Competitor, 18, b.
Compitalia, 112, b.

CORNELIA UNCIARIA.

Compitalicii ludi, 112, b.

Compluvium, 142, b.

Concamerata sudatio. 56, a.

Conceptivae leriae, 112, b.

Concilium, 112, b.

Conditivum, 190, a.

Condi torium, 190, a.

Conditurae, 418, a.

Conductor, 81, a.

Condus, 78, a.
] Confarreatio, Iff, b.
I Congiarium, 112, b.
I Congius, 113, a.
I Conjurati, 4c o, a.

Conjuratio, 40-3, a.

Connubium, 251, a.
i Conopeum, 11 3, a.
( Conquisitores, iij, a.

Consanguinei, 9", a.
I Conscripti, 3 31, a.

Consecratio, 29, a; 211, b.

Consilium, 104, a.

Consualia, II), a.

Consul, 11 j, b.
1 Cousulares, 116, b.

C nsularis, 116, b.

Consulti, 217, b.

Consultores, 217, b.

Contio, 116, b.

Controversia. 21;, b.

Contubernales, 116, b.

Contubernium, 117,3; 168, b

319, a-
Con t us, 266, b.
Conventio in manum, 25', a.
Conventus, 112, b; 117, a.
Convi ium, 212, b.
Conviv i magister, 257, b.

rex, H7, b.
Convivinm, 357, a.
Cooptari, 98, b.
Oopbinus, 117, a.
Corbicula, 117, b.
Corbis, 117, b.
! C01 bitae, 117, b.
1 Corbula, 117, b.
Cornelia lex—

agrar'a, 228, a.

de alea, 17, a.

de civitate, 228, a.

de falsis, 17?,b.

frumnntaria, 18', a.

de injuriis, 212, b.

judiciaria, 216, b.

majestatis, 247, a.

de novis tabellis, 228, a.

nummaria, 228, a.

de parricidio, 218, a.

de proscriptione et pro-
scriptis, 311, b.

de repetundis, 319, a.

de sacerdotiis, 124, a.

de sicariis et veneficis, 212,
a; 228, a.

sumptuaria, 215, b.

testamentaria, 173, b; 228.
a.

tribuniria, 228, a.
unciaria, 228, a.

2 G 2

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