26
THE TAPROBANIAN.
[October, 1885.
is the word I have always heard. The vulgar
Sinhalese also use it, as if an irregular imperative
from kana to eat. Kapa to eat, seems a causal
state of the verb “ to cut.”
To Speak, kathan kiva and ban a kiya.
Kathan kiya. This must be “ tell talk/’ for
we have S. kiya “ tell,” kathha kara converse” ;
the form bana is also used, but S. banawa is now
used for “ scold,” “abuse,” or else in an angry
manner when speaking of an irritating chatter or
nagging. A Sinhalese scolder pours out a
torrent of words, and this is bannawanda, to
abuse. It is probable the Vaedda also has the
same senses.
To Call, kilapa.
The usual mode among all local races is not
so much to call by voice, as by clapping of hands,
hence our “clap” is doubt a close co-derivative.
Latin clamo is also very close, Old Eng. clapp is still
closer to kilapa, and it is interesting to see how
different the sources of words are when we com-
pare Eng. bawl, Hindi \/“ bolav,” call. I am
not aware if “ bawl” is an old word in English,
but it is used by peasants in out of the way
villages of North Hampshire in my own ex-
perience, as if it were an ancient term, and
pronounced baal; I suppose it an ancient in-
vocation of Bal or Bol, which like our own
hurrah, the Vaedda title Sura or Hura, has come
into a secondary usage. In this connection I
may mention the Sinhalese when driving wild
elephants to a kraal, do so with sustained cries
of Hari Hara, without any idea they are invoking
a god, or two gods, and merely because it is
custom. Compare the Greek cries to Bacchus
with Chaldean Ilea, Hoa. Sinhalese cried to
their rulers sadu, the old sadu “ just one,” or
Saduk, just king. Our clap and hurrah, Vaedda
kilapa, and Sura or Hura, thus seem to be
identical when we compare the languages
Vaedda and Old English. Our hip in hip, hip,
hurrah, the invocation of Poseidon Hippios, I
have not as yet found traces of among the
present Vaeddas. Hip, Hip, hurrah, would be
Isp, Isp, Huraas the invocation in Ceylon, judging
by the Isba in the knee compound and other
guides. I shall treat of the relics of worship of Hip |
or Isp in Ceylon elsewhere ; they are still meagre
indeed, but show his worship existed. S. anda-
gaha“ to call” is to invoke Anda, either Siva
or Skhanda, but probably Siva.
To See, re visa.
This initial revi seems allied after metathesis
to Eng. view, through French voir. If we
suppose leviga, 1 for r, as is often a permissible
softening, we have levika, a word closely allied to
Old Eng. loc, “ look,” the modern word being
pronounced by the peasantry not unlike lowak,
and evidently its use coming from Sans, x/loch,
and the form Sans, avaloka, which shows our obscure
reviga as levika is changed by complicated meta-
thesis from vileka, when it at once falls into the
Dravidian forms such as Tam. velissam “ light,”
vilakku “'lamp.” In most Dravidian languages a
slight vowel precedes the initial v, but is not written,
and practically vileka is (a)vileka. When used
•without this inherent vowel, the v would become
a b at once, that in fact being the origin of b as-
distinguished from v. The Vaed. reviga arranged
vireka, as in vileka, shows us the origin of voir,,
and by softening vireka to virewa, viyewa, we get
“ view.” The 1 or r of vireka, has become hardened
in Latin into vide(h)a, and thence shortened to
v'vid, through a lost form ^/vidh for %/videh. We
thus see V. reviga is of extreme antiquity, whether
we take the root \4awak or Vvalak as the
primitive. From vvalak the Sinhalese, probably
in the Elu, took ^/bala for \/bala(k), thus finally
throwing off traces of the initial a ; confer
and aloka “ light,” the 1 also having an inherent
vowel in Sanskrit,, the a is understood in part,
though lengthened, and therefore written, in the
derivative where it becomes a full short vowel.
S. rawa “ to look angrily” from \/rav is probably
related to reviga, and our own “ frown” seems
identical in sense with S. rawa, and perhaps in
origin.
To Die, miya.
Confer S. ^/miya, past tense miyuna. Bailey
has given the past tense erroneously. The S.
\/mara “kill,” v'maere <‘d’e,’? is-allied to the other,,
but distantly. The form he gives of miya perelige
must be S. miya paerali giya, “died and tumbled
down,” and would apply to animals not to men
literally it is “ having died went tumbling.” This-
form ge for giya is very interesting, and must
be compared with gama in diyagama, and S..
gaman “journey.” The S. giya is- a defective verb,,
used as past tense of iya or ya “ to go,” and both
this past tense, and gaman, probably come from the-
I Vaedda, not the Elu. The actual ge is precisely
Eng. gae, as in “ gaed up,” and is a contracted
formofgeha and geya ■ S. giya might be correctly-
written gi also, but is not, as gi is “ song.”
To Sleep, nide.
S. nida to sleep, used with gana as auxiliary
is close to this, and evidently comes from it.
Sans, nidra, and S. nimda, probably of Pali intro-
THE TAPROBANIAN.
[October, 1885.
is the word I have always heard. The vulgar
Sinhalese also use it, as if an irregular imperative
from kana to eat. Kapa to eat, seems a causal
state of the verb “ to cut.”
To Speak, kathan kiva and ban a kiya.
Kathan kiya. This must be “ tell talk/’ for
we have S. kiya “ tell,” kathha kara converse” ;
the form bana is also used, but S. banawa is now
used for “ scold,” “abuse,” or else in an angry
manner when speaking of an irritating chatter or
nagging. A Sinhalese scolder pours out a
torrent of words, and this is bannawanda, to
abuse. It is probable the Vaedda also has the
same senses.
To Call, kilapa.
The usual mode among all local races is not
so much to call by voice, as by clapping of hands,
hence our “clap” is doubt a close co-derivative.
Latin clamo is also very close, Old Eng. clapp is still
closer to kilapa, and it is interesting to see how
different the sources of words are when we com-
pare Eng. bawl, Hindi \/“ bolav,” call. I am
not aware if “ bawl” is an old word in English,
but it is used by peasants in out of the way
villages of North Hampshire in my own ex-
perience, as if it were an ancient term, and
pronounced baal; I suppose it an ancient in-
vocation of Bal or Bol, which like our own
hurrah, the Vaedda title Sura or Hura, has come
into a secondary usage. In this connection I
may mention the Sinhalese when driving wild
elephants to a kraal, do so with sustained cries
of Hari Hara, without any idea they are invoking
a god, or two gods, and merely because it is
custom. Compare the Greek cries to Bacchus
with Chaldean Ilea, Hoa. Sinhalese cried to
their rulers sadu, the old sadu “ just one,” or
Saduk, just king. Our clap and hurrah, Vaedda
kilapa, and Sura or Hura, thus seem to be
identical when we compare the languages
Vaedda and Old English. Our hip in hip, hip,
hurrah, the invocation of Poseidon Hippios, I
have not as yet found traces of among the
present Vaeddas. Hip, Hip, hurrah, would be
Isp, Isp, Huraas the invocation in Ceylon, judging
by the Isba in the knee compound and other
guides. I shall treat of the relics of worship of Hip |
or Isp in Ceylon elsewhere ; they are still meagre
indeed, but show his worship existed. S. anda-
gaha“ to call” is to invoke Anda, either Siva
or Skhanda, but probably Siva.
To See, re visa.
This initial revi seems allied after metathesis
to Eng. view, through French voir. If we
suppose leviga, 1 for r, as is often a permissible
softening, we have levika, a word closely allied to
Old Eng. loc, “ look,” the modern word being
pronounced by the peasantry not unlike lowak,
and evidently its use coming from Sans, x/loch,
and the form Sans, avaloka, which shows our obscure
reviga as levika is changed by complicated meta-
thesis from vileka, when it at once falls into the
Dravidian forms such as Tam. velissam “ light,”
vilakku “'lamp.” In most Dravidian languages a
slight vowel precedes the initial v, but is not written,
and practically vileka is (a)vileka. When used
•without this inherent vowel, the v would become
a b at once, that in fact being the origin of b as-
distinguished from v. The Vaed. reviga arranged
vireka, as in vileka, shows us the origin of voir,,
and by softening vireka to virewa, viyewa, we get
“ view.” The 1 or r of vireka, has become hardened
in Latin into vide(h)a, and thence shortened to
v'vid, through a lost form ^/vidh for %/videh. We
thus see V. reviga is of extreme antiquity, whether
we take the root \4awak or Vvalak as the
primitive. From vvalak the Sinhalese, probably
in the Elu, took ^/bala for \/bala(k), thus finally
throwing off traces of the initial a ; confer
and aloka “ light,” the 1 also having an inherent
vowel in Sanskrit,, the a is understood in part,
though lengthened, and therefore written, in the
derivative where it becomes a full short vowel.
S. rawa “ to look angrily” from \/rav is probably
related to reviga, and our own “ frown” seems
identical in sense with S. rawa, and perhaps in
origin.
To Die, miya.
Confer S. ^/miya, past tense miyuna. Bailey
has given the past tense erroneously. The S.
\/mara “kill,” v'maere <‘d’e,’? is-allied to the other,,
but distantly. The form he gives of miya perelige
must be S. miya paerali giya, “died and tumbled
down,” and would apply to animals not to men
literally it is “ having died went tumbling.” This-
form ge for giya is very interesting, and must
be compared with gama in diyagama, and S..
gaman “journey.” The S. giya is- a defective verb,,
used as past tense of iya or ya “ to go,” and both
this past tense, and gaman, probably come from the-
I Vaedda, not the Elu. The actual ge is precisely
Eng. gae, as in “ gaed up,” and is a contracted
formofgeha and geya ■ S. giya might be correctly-
written gi also, but is not, as gi is “ song.”
To Sleep, nide.
S. nida to sleep, used with gana as auxiliary
is close to this, and evidently comes from it.
Sans, nidra, and S. nimda, probably of Pali intro-