DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.45213#0030
26
directors: Hans Poelzig (1903-1916), August Endell (1916-1925), and Oskar Moll (1925-1932), the local
Royal (later State) Academy of Fine and Decorative Arts (Konigliche Akademie fur Kunst und Kunst-
gewerbe) flourished and was regarded as very progressive.100
In 1923-1924, an architectural pressure-group promoting Neues Bauen was founded in Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe's Berlin studio. At the onset refered to as the Ring of Ten (Der Zehnring), in 1926
membership was extended and it became known as the Ring (Der Ring). Among the Ring's members
were virtually all important avant-garde architects in Germany, including: Hugo Haring, Ludwig Mies
van der Rohe, Erich Mendelsohn, Walter Gropius, Bruno Taut, Max Taut, Hans Poelzig, Hans Scharoun,
Adolf Rading, Ernst May, Otto Bartning, Walter Curt Behrendt, Peter Behrens, Richard Docker, Otto
Haesler, Ludwig Hilberseimer, Arthur Korn, Karl Krayl, Hans Luckhardt, Wassili Luckhardt, Adolf
Meyer, Bernhard Pankok, Walter Schilbach, Karl Schneider, Hans Soeder, Heinrich Tessenow, and
Martin Wagner.101
The successive meetings of CIAM (Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) provided an
important forum for Europe's avant-garde architects to present and discuss their ideas.102 Particular-
ly important in promoting innovative perspectives on domestic architecture and living space design
was the 2nd CIAM organised in Frankfurt-am-Mein in 1929 and accompanied by the Die Wohnung fur
das Existenzminimum exhibition featuring plans of small flats from new housing estates established
in various European countries.103
The proponents of new architectural trends emphasised the importance of social concerns,
a task-oriented approach aimed at implementing technological and organisational innovations in
creating new standards of living space design from the ergonomic kitchen to rationally-planned
housing estates and whole cities. Domestic architecture and urban planning replaced stately public
buildings as the new focus of the architect's activity. The new International Style spreading across Eu-
rope in the interwar period emphasised simplicity, functionalism and geometrical volumes stripped
of decoration. "The machine is no longer a mere tool but it has become an aesthetic model, purely
utilitarian and function-motivated, with no superficial elements. The time of basic forms has come
[...] the time for primary colours."104
,0° On the history of the local Academy of Fine and Decorative Arts: Vladimir SLAPETA, 'Die Architektur an der Akademie fur Kunst und
Kunstgewerbe in Breslau', Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule fur Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar 1979, vol.26, no. 4/5, p.400-404;
idem, 'Architekci Wroclawskiej Akademii Sztuk Pigknych i Rzemiosla Artystycznego'. In: W kr^gu sztuki slqskiej..., p.19; idem, 'Pupils of Academy',
Rassegna, vol.11,1989, p.73-77; Hartmut FRANK, 'La Scuola d'Arte e d'Arte...', p.40-47,63; idem,'L'Accademia d'Arte...', p.40-47; PiotrLUKASZEWICZ,
'Wroclawska Akademia Sztuki i srodowisko artystyczne tego miasta...', p.43; idem, 'Wroclawska Akademia Sztuki i srodowisko artystyczne tego
miasta 1918-1933...', p.173-192; idem, 'The Academy of Arts and Crafts..'., p..63-72; idem, 'Osiggnigcia wroctawskiej Akademii Sztuki...'; Janusz
DOBESZ, 'Bauhaus z wroctawskiej perspektywy..'., p.34-37; idem, 'Hans Poelzig i wroclawska Akademia Sztuki....', p.14-25; Maria, STARZEWSKA,
op. cit., p.13-37.
101 Jurgen JOEDICKE, Hugo Haring-jego czasya wspolczesnosc..., p.9; Stanislaw LATOUR, Adam SZYMSKI, op. cit., vol.2, p.8; Adolf Rading. Bauten,
Entwurfe und Erlauterungen..., p.8-9.
102 CIAM was founded in 1928 in Switzerland, at the castle of La Sarraz. Hugo Haring, as the Secretary of Der Ring, was Germany's first delegate
to CIAM.
103 Wanda K0N0N0WICZ,' Ewolucja osiedla...', p.470. The Frankfurt exhibition featured layouts of flats from the housing estate of Ksieze Male
(Klein Tschansch) in Wroclaw.
’°4 Antoni KOPP, op. cit., p.l6. Antoni Kopp interprets the changes in architecture in the 1920s and 1930s.
directors: Hans Poelzig (1903-1916), August Endell (1916-1925), and Oskar Moll (1925-1932), the local
Royal (later State) Academy of Fine and Decorative Arts (Konigliche Akademie fur Kunst und Kunst-
gewerbe) flourished and was regarded as very progressive.100
In 1923-1924, an architectural pressure-group promoting Neues Bauen was founded in Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe's Berlin studio. At the onset refered to as the Ring of Ten (Der Zehnring), in 1926
membership was extended and it became known as the Ring (Der Ring). Among the Ring's members
were virtually all important avant-garde architects in Germany, including: Hugo Haring, Ludwig Mies
van der Rohe, Erich Mendelsohn, Walter Gropius, Bruno Taut, Max Taut, Hans Poelzig, Hans Scharoun,
Adolf Rading, Ernst May, Otto Bartning, Walter Curt Behrendt, Peter Behrens, Richard Docker, Otto
Haesler, Ludwig Hilberseimer, Arthur Korn, Karl Krayl, Hans Luckhardt, Wassili Luckhardt, Adolf
Meyer, Bernhard Pankok, Walter Schilbach, Karl Schneider, Hans Soeder, Heinrich Tessenow, and
Martin Wagner.101
The successive meetings of CIAM (Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) provided an
important forum for Europe's avant-garde architects to present and discuss their ideas.102 Particular-
ly important in promoting innovative perspectives on domestic architecture and living space design
was the 2nd CIAM organised in Frankfurt-am-Mein in 1929 and accompanied by the Die Wohnung fur
das Existenzminimum exhibition featuring plans of small flats from new housing estates established
in various European countries.103
The proponents of new architectural trends emphasised the importance of social concerns,
a task-oriented approach aimed at implementing technological and organisational innovations in
creating new standards of living space design from the ergonomic kitchen to rationally-planned
housing estates and whole cities. Domestic architecture and urban planning replaced stately public
buildings as the new focus of the architect's activity. The new International Style spreading across Eu-
rope in the interwar period emphasised simplicity, functionalism and geometrical volumes stripped
of decoration. "The machine is no longer a mere tool but it has become an aesthetic model, purely
utilitarian and function-motivated, with no superficial elements. The time of basic forms has come
[...] the time for primary colours."104
,0° On the history of the local Academy of Fine and Decorative Arts: Vladimir SLAPETA, 'Die Architektur an der Akademie fur Kunst und
Kunstgewerbe in Breslau', Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule fur Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar 1979, vol.26, no. 4/5, p.400-404;
idem, 'Architekci Wroclawskiej Akademii Sztuk Pigknych i Rzemiosla Artystycznego'. In: W kr^gu sztuki slqskiej..., p.19; idem, 'Pupils of Academy',
Rassegna, vol.11,1989, p.73-77; Hartmut FRANK, 'La Scuola d'Arte e d'Arte...', p.40-47,63; idem,'L'Accademia d'Arte...', p.40-47; PiotrLUKASZEWICZ,
'Wroclawska Akademia Sztuki i srodowisko artystyczne tego miasta...', p.43; idem, 'Wroclawska Akademia Sztuki i srodowisko artystyczne tego
miasta 1918-1933...', p.173-192; idem, 'The Academy of Arts and Crafts..'., p..63-72; idem, 'Osiggnigcia wroctawskiej Akademii Sztuki...'; Janusz
DOBESZ, 'Bauhaus z wroctawskiej perspektywy..'., p.34-37; idem, 'Hans Poelzig i wroclawska Akademia Sztuki....', p.14-25; Maria, STARZEWSKA,
op. cit., p.13-37.
101 Jurgen JOEDICKE, Hugo Haring-jego czasya wspolczesnosc..., p.9; Stanislaw LATOUR, Adam SZYMSKI, op. cit., vol.2, p.8; Adolf Rading. Bauten,
Entwurfe und Erlauterungen..., p.8-9.
102 CIAM was founded in 1928 in Switzerland, at the castle of La Sarraz. Hugo Haring, as the Secretary of Der Ring, was Germany's first delegate
to CIAM.
103 Wanda K0N0N0WICZ,' Ewolucja osiedla...', p.470. The Frankfurt exhibition featured layouts of flats from the housing estate of Ksieze Male
(Klein Tschansch) in Wroclaw.
’°4 Antoni KOPP, op. cit., p.l6. Antoni Kopp interprets the changes in architecture in the 1920s and 1930s.