DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.2532#0147
PLAN OF THE SECOND TEMPLE
125
The groups of sculpture shown in the pediment and the metopes in the restoration are
composed entirely from imagination to give the possible appearance of the original temple.
We know in general, however, from Pausanias ' that the subjects of the sculptures were
" The Birth of Zeus," " The Battle of the Gods and Giants," and " The Siege of Troy
and Taking of Ilium." One of the pediment groups probably illustrated " The Birth of
Zeus." Fig. 63 shows a fragment of metope with a possible restoration,which is offered
to show how some of the larger torso
fragments and heads found may properly
belong to the metopes."
Before entering the temple, we may
consider its plan more fully. The tem-
ple was a hexastyle-peripteros-pycnostyle,
having six columns at each end, twelve
on the side, and with intercolumniations
of one and one half diameters. The
restored plan is shown on Plate XVII.
The inside of the foundation is indicated
by the dotted line which shows that the
corner columns centre over a d5° line
that connects the outer and inner angles
of the foundation.3 The pteroma was
paved with limestone similar to that of
the stylobate. These paving stones are
shown square on the plan, although many were oblong; beneath them were breccia
blocks which rested on theporos stones of the foundation. The walls of the cella were,
I think, of jjoros stone, like the columns, and similarly plastered with stucco. The ceil-
ing of the pteroma was coffered and formed of limestone, the sides of each lacuna being
decorated with a fret ornament cut in the hard stone to a depth of two millimetres.4
The plan of the temple developed certain proportions, graphically illustrated on
Plate XIX., which I discovered after the completion of the plan of the restoration.
The width of the cella is f of d-8 units, or \ of the width of the front of the temple
between the axes of the end columns. The distance from the axis of the sixth column
on the side to the anta of the cella wall is 36 units, which equals the height of the tem-
ple to under side of roof. The distance measures also 36 units from the same anta to a
line tangent to the columns on the opposite side. Again a triangle with a height of 36
units and a base equal to the width of the cella will have a hypothenuse which, if swung
around and added to the height, will give the total length of the cella.
The approach to the temple is by a ramp similar to that of the temple of Zeus at
Olympia.
In Fig. 64 I have attempted a restoration of the interior of the temple.5 The height
Fig. 62. — Argive Heraeum : Marble lion's head gar-
goyle AND WATER-SPOUT EROM SECOND TEMPLE. ONE
FIFTH THE ACTUAL SIZE.
1 Cf. Note on ]>. 117, and Introduction, pp. 21 if.
2 For the architectural sculpture see the next chapter.
3 As it was more usual to have an uneven number of
columns on the side of the temples of this period, I at first
attempted a restoration of this one with thirteen side
columns, but found afterwards, upon piecing together the
fragments of the entablature, that twelve columns fitted
exactly both the superstructure and the crepidoma.
The intercolumniations equal one and one half diam-
eters, making a pycnostyle, the proportion usual for the
best fifth century work.
4 I found stones from the ceiling and the crepidoma of
the temple built into the walls of the Chapel of the Pana-
gia near the village of Merbaka.
5 For sections through the entablature see Plate I.,
frontispiece of this chapter.
125
The groups of sculpture shown in the pediment and the metopes in the restoration are
composed entirely from imagination to give the possible appearance of the original temple.
We know in general, however, from Pausanias ' that the subjects of the sculptures were
" The Birth of Zeus," " The Battle of the Gods and Giants," and " The Siege of Troy
and Taking of Ilium." One of the pediment groups probably illustrated " The Birth of
Zeus." Fig. 63 shows a fragment of metope with a possible restoration,which is offered
to show how some of the larger torso
fragments and heads found may properly
belong to the metopes."
Before entering the temple, we may
consider its plan more fully. The tem-
ple was a hexastyle-peripteros-pycnostyle,
having six columns at each end, twelve
on the side, and with intercolumniations
of one and one half diameters. The
restored plan is shown on Plate XVII.
The inside of the foundation is indicated
by the dotted line which shows that the
corner columns centre over a d5° line
that connects the outer and inner angles
of the foundation.3 The pteroma was
paved with limestone similar to that of
the stylobate. These paving stones are
shown square on the plan, although many were oblong; beneath them were breccia
blocks which rested on theporos stones of the foundation. The walls of the cella were,
I think, of jjoros stone, like the columns, and similarly plastered with stucco. The ceil-
ing of the pteroma was coffered and formed of limestone, the sides of each lacuna being
decorated with a fret ornament cut in the hard stone to a depth of two millimetres.4
The plan of the temple developed certain proportions, graphically illustrated on
Plate XIX., which I discovered after the completion of the plan of the restoration.
The width of the cella is f of d-8 units, or \ of the width of the front of the temple
between the axes of the end columns. The distance from the axis of the sixth column
on the side to the anta of the cella wall is 36 units, which equals the height of the tem-
ple to under side of roof. The distance measures also 36 units from the same anta to a
line tangent to the columns on the opposite side. Again a triangle with a height of 36
units and a base equal to the width of the cella will have a hypothenuse which, if swung
around and added to the height, will give the total length of the cella.
The approach to the temple is by a ramp similar to that of the temple of Zeus at
Olympia.
In Fig. 64 I have attempted a restoration of the interior of the temple.5 The height
Fig. 62. — Argive Heraeum : Marble lion's head gar-
goyle AND WATER-SPOUT EROM SECOND TEMPLE. ONE
FIFTH THE ACTUAL SIZE.
1 Cf. Note on ]>. 117, and Introduction, pp. 21 if.
2 For the architectural sculpture see the next chapter.
3 As it was more usual to have an uneven number of
columns on the side of the temples of this period, I at first
attempted a restoration of this one with thirteen side
columns, but found afterwards, upon piecing together the
fragments of the entablature, that twelve columns fitted
exactly both the superstructure and the crepidoma.
The intercolumniations equal one and one half diam-
eters, making a pycnostyle, the proportion usual for the
best fifth century work.
4 I found stones from the ceiling and the crepidoma of
the temple built into the walls of the Chapel of the Pana-
gia near the village of Merbaka.
5 For sections through the entablature see Plate I.,
frontispiece of this chapter.