Waterhouse, Percy Leslie: The story of architecture throughout the ages: an introduction to the study of the oldest of the arts for students and general readers (London: B. T. Batsford, 1924)

ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 123

early Christian builders of that city, received
the name of Romanesque.
Although Rome’s influence was impressed
upon the Byzantine style of architecture as well
as upon that which we here call Romanesque,
it is desirable to keep one style quite distinct
from the other. The two showed marked
differences from the beginning ; and when the
Churches of Rome and of Byzantium diverged
upon questions affecting the ritual and the
creed, the divergence became still greater in
the architecture of the Eastern and the Western
Churches. That of the Eastern Church—the
Orthodox Church, so-called—had never departed
from the Byzantine models, and the influence of
Byzantium has thus spread throughout Greece,
Asia Minor and Russia. On the other hand,
the Western Church has always looked to Rome
for her earliest inspirations and has drawn upon
the mother-city for her architecture, though
different countries have, naturally, developed
their own characteristic features.
To deal first with Italy. During the form-
ative period, which may be said to have ended
with the tenth century, architecture—such as
it was—was almost entirely ecclesiastical. The
basilican churches were the natural outcome of
the situation in Rome, where basilicas were to
hand to serve as models, and where on all sides
classic temples, with their choice columns and
marble wall-linings, were available for the
Christian despoiler. But away from Rome
other conditions prevailed; materials were