DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.67375#0120
82
NAPLES AND ITS ENVIRONS.
had fallen away to such a degree that, instead of wearing their
rifles and swords at their side, they were obliged to use them as
supports.”
The quarrels between Philip and Paul IV., a Neapolitan,
who hated the Spaniards and desired to see the French
again in Naples, encouraged the Duke of Guise to attempt
its re-conquest in 1557 ; but the Duke of Alva made his
success impossible, and the story of the whole affair re-
sembles that of another famous Frenchman who, with
forty thousand men, “ marched up a hill, and then marched
down again.” The results at S. Quentin and Gravelines
compelled the French to make a treaty with Philip II.,
and to disturb Naples no more.
The religious questions and differences which distracted
Naples during the reign of Philip, constantly agitated the
people; and although cardinal legates were sent from Rome
to Naples, and a resident nuncio was appointed for the
latter city, and Neapolitan ambassadors were again and
again in conclave with the Pope, no agreement resulted.
But the religious houses at Naples were constantly increas-
ing and becoming more firmly established. The Domini-
cans, Camaldolesi, Capuchins, and Servites, all of the older
orders, attained a firmer footing; while the Theatines,
founded by Gian Pietro Carafa before he became Paul IV.,
the Jesuits, the bare-footed Carmelites, the Theresenians,
the Fratelli della Carita, the Sommayli,and the Oratorians,
all had their churches, monasteries, and other institutions
in Naples.
Naturally the personal character of the viceroy had its
influence. We have seen that under Toledo no attention
was given to science and letters, and this is also true under
the viceroys of Philip II. Their chief aim was the increase
of their revenues, which during the second half of the six-
teenth century amounted to 30,000 ducats a year. In
addition to their legitimate dues they averaged as much
NAPLES AND ITS ENVIRONS.
had fallen away to such a degree that, instead of wearing their
rifles and swords at their side, they were obliged to use them as
supports.”
The quarrels between Philip and Paul IV., a Neapolitan,
who hated the Spaniards and desired to see the French
again in Naples, encouraged the Duke of Guise to attempt
its re-conquest in 1557 ; but the Duke of Alva made his
success impossible, and the story of the whole affair re-
sembles that of another famous Frenchman who, with
forty thousand men, “ marched up a hill, and then marched
down again.” The results at S. Quentin and Gravelines
compelled the French to make a treaty with Philip II.,
and to disturb Naples no more.
The religious questions and differences which distracted
Naples during the reign of Philip, constantly agitated the
people; and although cardinal legates were sent from Rome
to Naples, and a resident nuncio was appointed for the
latter city, and Neapolitan ambassadors were again and
again in conclave with the Pope, no agreement resulted.
But the religious houses at Naples were constantly increas-
ing and becoming more firmly established. The Domini-
cans, Camaldolesi, Capuchins, and Servites, all of the older
orders, attained a firmer footing; while the Theatines,
founded by Gian Pietro Carafa before he became Paul IV.,
the Jesuits, the bare-footed Carmelites, the Theresenians,
the Fratelli della Carita, the Sommayli,and the Oratorians,
all had their churches, monasteries, and other institutions
in Naples.
Naturally the personal character of the viceroy had its
influence. We have seen that under Toledo no attention
was given to science and letters, and this is also true under
the viceroys of Philip II. Their chief aim was the increase
of their revenues, which during the second half of the six-
teenth century amounted to 30,000 ducats a year. In
addition to their legitimate dues they averaged as much