Whittock, Nathaniel: The Art Of Drawing And Colouring, From Nature, Birds, Beasts, Fishes, And Insects: With Plain And Coloured Drawings, From Original Paintings By Morland, Vernet, Howet, Le Cave, &c. (London, 1830)

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being more pointed at the lower end than the upper; this is divided
in the centre by an upright line ; the oval is again divided into sive
equal parts by lines drawn directly across the upright line. It will be
seen that the ears are inserted at the first division, the corners of the
eyes at the second, the nostril at the third, and the lower jaw at the
fourth. The eyes of all animals of the cat kind are not placed hori-
zontally, as in the human head, but point downwards from the ear to
the top of the nose; and the upper jaw commences from the centre of
the nostril, branching osf on both sides, leaving an aperture for the
mouth. The heads of animals disfer so much in their form that it is
impossible to give a standard of admeasurement for the whole; but
the above mode of dividing the head will be found extremely useful in
all animals of this kind from the lioness to the cat, and the student will
find that by proceeding in this way he will not only produce the animal
more correctly, but with greater facility than by any other method :
of course the lines must be drawn very lightly, so that they may
easily be removed with a slight touch of the rubber, when the different
features are properly drawn according to this admeasurement.
By referring to the copy the student will observe that the long hairs
on the head all proceed from one point, at the centre of the forehead,
branching off in every direction in wavy lines like snakes. The forms
of all the masses of hair should be thus drawn very lightly, before any
attempt is made to finish them by silling them up with lines. In
drawing the long wavy lines for the hair the touch must be light and
thin in the projecting parts of the mass that catch the light, and

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